1、Designation: F 1154 99a (Reapproved 2004)Standard Practices forQualitatively Evaluating the Comfort, Fit, Function, andIntegrity of Chemical-Protective Suit Ensembles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1154; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofori
2、ginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONWorkers involved in the production, use, storage, maintenance
3、, and transportation of chemicals canbe exposed to numerous substances capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. Thedeleterious effects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma, such as dermatitis or burns, tochronic degenerative disease, such as cancer or pulmonary fibrosis. S
4、ince engineering controls maynot eliminate all possible exposures, attention is often given to reducing the potential for direct skincontact through the use of protective clothing that resists degradation, penetration, and permeation.Chemical-protective clothing ensembles range from outfits of glove
5、s, boots, and coveralls tototally-encapsulating chemical-protective suits employing self-contained or airline-supplied, or both,breathing apparatus. The ensemble of a chemical-protective suit in combination with gloves, boots, abreathing apparatus, and other auxiliary protective equipment can provid
6、e maximum protection towearers in situations when no contact with hazardous chemicals is permitted. Chemical-protectivesuits are often selected on the basis of material chemical resistance, but equally important are thecomfort, fit, functionality, and overall integrity of the suit allowing the weare
7、r to safely carry out hisor her assigned tasks. Few standards, if any, apply to the design and manufacture of chemical-protective suits. Additionally, protective suit designs vary depending on different end use applicationsin industrial settings, hazardous waste site clean up, and emergency response
8、. As a consequence, usersare faced with a variety of commercial products and generally depend on manufacturer salesinformation to decide which protective suits are appropriate for their own application. Other protectiveequipment such as gloves, boots, respiratory protective equipment, communications
9、 systems, andcooling devices must also be selected and integrated with the chemical-protective suit to provide anensemble with adequate protection.This standard is intended to provide standardized methods for qualitatively evaluating the comfort,fit, function, and integrity of chemical-protective su
10、it ensembles. It may also be used by protectiveclothing manufacturers to assess current or proposed suit designs.1. Scope1.1 These practices are intended for evaluating chemical-protective suit ensembles to determine the suitability of theensemble in a work environment on the basis of its comfort, f
11、it,function, and integrity.1.1.1 Option A is a manned exercise scenario intended totest the strength and durability of the garment material andseams.1.1.2 Option B is a manned work task scenario intended todetermine human factor characteristics and the ability of thesuited test subject to perform ta
12、sks that may be encountered ona routine basis in a typical work environment.1.2 These practices apply to all types of chemical-protectivesuits and auxiliary protective equipment including, but notlimited to, splash-protective suits, totally encapsulatingchemical-protective suits, and gas-tight, tota
13、lly encapsulatingchemical-protective suits.1.3 The values as stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as the standard. The values in brackets are given forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsib
14、ility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safetyprecautions are given in Section 7.1These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 onProtective Clothing
15、and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.60 onEnsemble Performance.Current edition approved January 1, 2004. Published February 2004. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 1154 99a.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
16、Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1052 Practice for Pressure Testing of Gas-Tight TotallyEncapsulating Chemical Protective SuitsF 1359 Practice for Determining the Liquid-Tight Integrityof Chemical Protective Suits or Ensembles Under StaticCondit
17、ions2.2 OSHA Specifications:329 CFR, Part 1910.25 Portable Wood Ladders29 CFR, Part 1910.26 Portable Metal Ladders3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 chemical-protective suit ensemble, nthe combina-tion of a chemical-protective suit (totally encapsulating,splash-pr
18、otective) with the wearers respiratory protectiveequipment, gloves, boots, communications system, and coolingdevice, or some combination of those.3.1.2 degradation, nthe deleterious change in one or morephysical properties of a protective clothing material due tosurface contact with a chemical.3.1.3
19、 hazardous chemicalany solid, liquid, gas, or mix-ture thereof that can potentially cause harm to the human bodythrough inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption.3.1.4 overall gas penetration resistance, n,the integrity ofa totally encapsulating chemical protective suit to resist theinward leakage o
20、f gases when exposed to a hazardous chemicalenvironment.3.1.4.1 DiscussionFor the purpose of this practice, overallgas penetration resistance is demonstrated by the limited flowof a gas under pressure from the inside of an inflated totallyencapsulating chemical protective suit at a prescribed pressu
21、reand time interval.3.1.5 overall liquid penetration resistance, nthe integrityof a chemical protective suit to resist the inward leakage ofliquids when exposed to a hazardous chemical environment.3.1.5.1 DiscussionFor the purpose of this practice, overallliquid penetration resistance is demonstrate
22、d by the absence ofliquid on the inside of a chemical protective suit when exposedto a liquid spray at a prescribed flow rate, orientation of liquidcontact, and time interval.3.1.6 penetration, nin a protective clothing material oritem, the process by which a solid, liquid, or gas movesthrough closu
23、res, seams, interstices, and pinholes or otherimperfections on a non-molecular level.3.1.7 permeation, nthe process by which a chemicalmoves through a protective clothing material on a molecularlevel.3.1.7.1 DiscussionPermeation involves the following: (1)sorption of molecules of the chemical into t
24、he contacted(challenge side) surface of the material, (2) diffusion of thesorbed molecules in the material, and (3) desorption of themolecules from the opposite (collection side) surface of thematerial.3.1.8 protective clothing material, nany material or com-bination of materials used in an item of
25、clothing for the purposeof isolating parts of the wearers body from direct contact witha hazardous chemical.3.1.9 splash-protective suita one or multi-piece garmentwhich is constructed of protective clothing materials, designedand configured to protect the wearers torso, head, arms, andlegs against
26、liquid splashes of hazardous chemicals.3.1.10 totally encapsulating chemical-protective suita fullbody garment that is constructed of protective clothing mate-rials; covers the wearers torso, head, arms, and legs; maycover the wearers hands and feet with permanently or tightlyattached gloves and boo
27、ts, completely encloses the wearer byitself or in combination with the wearers respiratory equip-ment, gloves, and boots.4. Summary of Practices4.1 In Option A, the integrity of the chemical-protectivesuit, its materials and scams, are evaluated by subjecting theprotective ensemble to a manned exerc
28、ise scenario. The suit isinspected prior to and after the series of exercises to assess anychanges in the garments integrity.4.2 In Option B, the function of the chemical-protective suitensemble is evaluated by observing the ability of a test subjectto perform routine work tasks while wearing the pr
29、otectiveensemble. As in Procedure A, the suit is inspected prior to andafter the series of tasks to assess changes in the garmentsintegrity.4.3 For each option, the fit and comfort of the chemical-protective suit ensemble are assessed by measuring the testsubjects body dimensions and mass, and the d
30、imensions andmass of the ensemble. These measurements can be qualita-tively used to evaluate fit and comfort by relating test subjectand ensemble measurements to test subject responses follow-ing each test.5. Significance and Use5.1 These practices establish standard procedures designedfor qualitati
31、vely evaluating the performance characteristics ofchemical-protective suit ensembles in terms of comfort, fit,function, and overall integrity.5.2 These practices are suitable for both end users andmanufacturers to evaluate chemical-protective suit ensembleperformance characteristics.5.2.1 End users
32、may use these practices to qualitativelydetermine how well specific chemical-protective suits andensemble components (gloves, boots, breathing apparatus,communications systems, and cooling devices) meet theirparticular application.5.2.2 Manufacturers of chemical-protective clothing andequipment may
33、use these practices to determine the qualitativeperformance characteristics in existing or proposed chemical-protective suit and equipment designs.5.3 Procedure A permits a qualitative evaluation ofchemical-protective suit integrity (materials, seams, and com-ponents) by subjecting the protective en
34、semble to a manned2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The Code of Federal Regulations is availab
35、le from the Superintendent ofDocuments, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20401.F 1154 99a (2004)2exercise routine. Option B permits a qualitative evaluation ofchemical-protective suit ensemble function. Each procedurecan be used to assess chemical-protective suit ensemblecomfort and fit by
36、 relating test subject responses and bycomparing the dimensions and weights of both the test subjectand suit.NOTE 1The accumulation of suit and human subject dimension datamay eventually be used by manufacturers or end users in standards toimprove the sizing of chemical-protective suits and the inte
37、gration ofensemble components in protective ensembles.5.4 The use of these practices is for qualitative purposesonly. In general, results from use of these practices on one typeensemble may not be comparable to other test results on adifferent ensemble due to the subjective nature of test results.5.
38、5 These practices are not intended to assess heat stressresulting from wearing a chemical-protective suit ensemble,although thermal comfort of the suit ensemble may be subjec-tively evaluated.5.6 End users and manufacturers of chemical-protective suitensembles should consider these practices to be m
39、inimumprocedures for evaluating protective ensemble performancecharacteristics. Users of these practices may wish to consideradditional tests and procedure that relate directly to theirparticular application. Each facility performing these practicesshould establish its own criteria for assessing acc
40、eptableensemble performance.6. Apparatus6.1 Fiberboard BoxesFour standard shipping containersof not less than 1.5 ft30.03 m3 and not exceeding 2 ft30.06m3 and filled with a non-hazardous material weighing 20 lbs9.1 kg. The container shall be packed in such a way as topreclude any internal movement o
41、r shifting of the mass.6.2 DrumA standard 55-gal 208-L drum that is filledwith 200 lb 90 kg of a non-hazardous material.6.3 HandtruckA standard, commercial grade handtruckthat is typically employed for the transportation of 55-gal208-L drums.6.4 ValveAny standard handwheel valve, or similar rep-rese
42、ntation, that may be vertically mounted in such a manner toprovide actuation in the overhead position (placed at least atthe same height as the test subject). The valve handle should bea minimum of 7 in. 1179 6 25 mm in diameter and amaximum of 8 in. 203 mm in diameter.6.5 WrenchA 10-in. 254-mm cres
43、cent wrench.6.6 ScrewdriverA 10-in. 254-mm slotted end screw-driver.6.7 Blot and Screw AssemblyA metal stand shall bethreaded for a12-13 UNC size bolt and a38-16 UNC screw. A12-13 UNC 2-in. 51-mm long hex head bolt shall be providedfor bolt installation and removal exercises. A38-16 UNC 2-in.51-mm l
44、ong slotted round head screw shall be used for screwinstallation and removal exercises. The metal stand shall beplaced on a waist-high table for the operations.6.8 HosesTwo vinyl or chloroprene hoses with a 1-in.25-mm outside diameter. Individual hose length shall be 25-ft7.6 m. One hose should have
45、 screw type connections and theother should have quick-connect connections. The type ofconnection shall be documented in the report.6.9 LadderNine-foot 2.7-m or longer ladder (the laddershould be supported by at least one assistant and used inaccordance with 29 CFR 1910.25 and 1910.26).6.10 Tape Mea
46、suresAny non-rigid tape measure suitablefor measuring human body dimensions, or anthropometer,(with graduations of116 in. 1 mm); a second rigid standardtape measure for measuring dimensions up to 8 ft 2.4 m.6.11 Weight ScalesHuman weighing scales with a rangeof 0 to 300 lbs 0 to 136 kg.6.12 Thermome
47、terA standard thermometer or other tem-perature measuring device capable of measuring environmentaltemperatures ranging from 20 to 120F 28.5 to 49.2C.6.13 Wet Bulb Thermometer or HygrometerAny devicecapable of making measurements for determining environmen-tal relative humidities.7. Safety Precautio
48、ns7.1 A safety monitor shall be present during all testingspecified in this test method. The safety monitor shall continu-ously observe the condition of the test subject.7.2 Testing shall be stopped and the subject removed fromthe protective ensemble for any of the following reasons:request of the t
49、est subject, or indications of shortness of breath,difficulty in breathing, fatigue, flushed face, profuse sweating,erratic movements, coughing, nausea, or cramps in the testsubject.7.3 Test subjects should be in good physical condition,experienced in the use of protective clothing, and well hydratedbefore performing these tests.7.4 Emergency equipment, such as drinking containersfilled with cold water and liquids such as fruit juices, etc., toreplace body fluids, should be readily accessible at the te
