1、Designation: F 1035 03Standard Practice forUse of Rubber-Cord Pie Disk to Demonstrate theDiscernment Capability of a Tire X-ray Imaging System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the construction and use of arubber-cord pie-shaped standard
3、disk for demonstrating thediscernment capability of an X-ray imaging system.1.2 This practice is applicable to direct viewing (fluoro-scopic) X-ray imaging systems and film, plate or paper(radiographic) X-ray imaging systems that are used for check-ing the construction consistency of pneumatic tires
4、.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcernss associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of
5、regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1349 Practice for RubberStandard Temperatures forTesting2D 3186 Test Methods for RubberEvaluation of SBR(Styrene-Butadiene Rubber) Mixed With Carbon Black orCarbon Black and Oil2F 538 Terminology Relating to the Charact
6、eristics and Per-formance of Tires33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 pie disk, rubber-cord, nin tire X-ray testing,acircular disk of a specified diameter having six pie-shapedsections, each containing cord of different materials; it is usedfor demonstrating the discernment capability of an X-rayim
7、aging system. (F 538)3.1.2 X-ray image plane, nin tire testing, a surface locatedat a specified distance from the X-ray tube “focal spot.”3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe centerline of the cone of radiationfrom the X-ray tube is normal to the image plane. F 5383.1.3 X-ray imaging system, nin tire testing, a co
8、llectionof the components and subsystems needed to produce afluoroscopic or radiographic image of the tire.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe collection includes the X-ray highvoltage generator, X-ray tube, and X-ray screen or radiograph.F 5383.1.4 X-ray radiograph, nan X-ray film, plate, or paperthat is placed
9、at the image plane and is used for recording anX-ray image of the object being examined. F 5383.1.5 X-ray screen, na fluorescent screen, placed at theimage plane, that produces an X-ray image of the object beingexamined.3.1.5.1 DiscussionThis visible light may be photographedor input to a television
10、 system. F 5384. Summary of Practice4.1 The pie disk is a rubber-cord composite that is used asthe subject in an X-ray imaging system. Each of the sixsections of the disk has a different cord material which,together, represent the cords commonly used in vehicle tires.The X-ray absorption of these co
11、rds range from very nearly thesame as that of the rubber matrix to quite different from it.4.2 The rubber-cord pie disk shall be placed between theX-ray tube and the X-ray image plane at a specified distancefrom the image plane (see Fig. 1). The ambient conditions arecontrolled or monitored, and rec
12、orded.4.3 The image of the disk on a fluorescent screen orphotograph can be studied for clarity of detail for each cordmaterial. The voltage and current of the X-ray high voltagegenerator shall be adjusted for optimum detail and contrastsensitivity to view all cord materials simultaneously.5. Signif
13、icance and Use5.1 All X-ray systems are subject to changing efficiencies,so a practice for checking the overall operation is needed. Thispractice will assure the operator of an optimized image whenambient conditions are controlled and the X-ray high voltagegenerator is adjusted as prescribed.1This p
14、ractice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.10 on Equipment, Facilities, andCalibration.Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as F 1035 91
15、(1997)e1.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 The densities of some tire cord materials are very closeto that of the rubber matrix in
16、which they are enclosed, so theresolving capability of an X-ray system is critical to thedetection of abnormalities. The rubber-cord pie disk provides ameans for optimizing the resolving power in a particularapparatus and for comparing its performance over any periodof time.5.3 The rubber-cord pie d
17、isk can be used to compare theperformances of X-ray systems in different laboratories. It canalso be used in special cases to optimize system performancefor a particular sector or cord-type, as may be required forexamining a specific tire.6. Preparation of Rubber-Cord Pie Disk46.1 Composition:6.1.1
18、The disk shall have six equal-size sectors of rubber-cord composite, as given in Fig. 2. The rubber portion of eachhas a composition based on Test Methods D 3186, usingcommon SBR and carbon black and cured at 142C for 45 minin accordance with the following equation:4The sole source of supply of the
19、rubber-cord pie disk known to the committeeat this time is Zephyr Technology, Inc., P.O. Box 2691, Bath, OH 44210. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the respon
20、sible technical committee1, which you may attend.FIG. 1 Pie-Cord Disk Test Fixture Positioning for Tire X-Ray SystemFIG. 2 Pie-Cord Disk Test FixtureF1035032Ingredient PHRSBR 1712 137.50N339 carbon black 60.00Zinc-oxide 3.00Stearic acid 1.50Sulfur 1.75TBBSA1.25205.00ATBBS is N-tert-butyl-2-benzothia
21、zolesulfenamide.6.1.2 The cord portions of the different sectors are identifiedas follows: polyester, fiberglass, kevlar, steel, rayon, and nylon.Deniers, cord count, and other details are given in Fig. 2.6.1.3 Additional details on assembly methods, cord count,and curing pressure are not available.
22、6.2 DimensionsThe disk shall be 30 6 1 cm in diameterand 0.64 6 0.02 cm thick.6.3 Cord OrientationAll of the cords in each sector shallbe parallel to each other and to a line joining the center of thearc to the center of the rubber-cord pie disk.7. Test Conditions7.1 The ambient temperature during a
23、 test shall be 23 6 2Cfor the entire X-ray system. If any other temperature is requiredit should be chosen from the list of standard temperatures inPractice D 1349.7.2 Line voltage to the X-ray generators should be con-trolled to the value and uniformity used in any previous checkwith the rubber-cor
24、d pie disk.8. Procedure8.1 The rubber-cord pie disk is rigidly supported betweenthe X-ray source and parallel to the image detection device.8.1.1 For manual systems that utilize a conical bead X-rayand a flat fluoroscopic imaging device, the rubber-cord pie diskshould be placed 30 cm from the image
25、plane (see Fig. 1).8.1.2 For automated, in-line production systems that utilizePanoramic X-ray tubes and Linear Diode Arrays for bead-to-bead view on a single monitor, it is necessary to construct afixture that supports the X-ray pie disk(s) parallel to theimaging system while it rotates through the
26、 detection array (seeFig. 3 and Fig. 4).8.2 The ambient temperature and line voltage are monitoredand recorded. The ambient temperature and line voltage mustbe controlled in order to duplicate a previous calibration test.8.3 The X-ray image of the rubber-cord pie disk is viewedby the operator. The v
27、oltage and current of the X-ray highvoltage generator shall be adjusted for optimum detail andcontrast sensitivity to view all cord materials simultaneously.FIG. 3 Side View of Pie Disk Mounting Fixture for Linear Diode Array ScannerF10350339. Precision and Bias9.1 Precision and bias are not pertine
28、nt to this practice sinceit gives procedures for the optimum adjustment of an X-raysystem. No measurements are made.10. Keywords10.1 rubber-cord pie disk; X-ray; X-ray image plane; X-rayradiographASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
29、 with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible t
30、echnical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful conside
31、ration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr
32、 Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 4 Top View of Pie Disk Mounting Fixture for Linear Diode Array ScannerF1035034
