1、Designation: F1004 16aF1004 16bStandard Consumer Safety Specification forExpansion Gates and Expandable Enclosures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses incidents of head and neck entrapment in childrensexpansion gates and
3、expandable enclosures. It also addresses the ability of a pressure gate to resist apush-out force.The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) identified incidents that generally involveda childs head or neck, or both, becoming entrapped in diamond shaped openings and strangulation ofchildren
4、in V-shapes at the top of accordion style expansion gates or expandable enclosures.Additional incidents and injuries were identified that involved children attempting to climb up andover expansion gates and expandable enclosures, and pushing or pulling pressure gates out ofdoorways.This consumer saf
5、ety specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of gate and enclosuretechnology. It is intended that this consumer safety specification will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available, which necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting
6、requirements.This specification does not address incidents in which gates or enclosures are blatantly misusedalthough warnings and safety instructions are required to be displayed prominently on and with eachgate or enclosure.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers minimum safety perfo
7、rmance requirements, test methods, and requirements forlabeling and instructional material to minimize hazards to young children resulting from the normal use and reasonably foreseeablemisuse and abuse of expansion gates and expandable enclosures.1.2 Products known as expansion gates and expandable
8、enclosures, or by any other name, which are in the scope of thisconsumer safety specification are intended for young children aged six months through 24 months, and are defined in Section 3.1.3 Expansion gates and expandable enclosures defined in Section 3 are for domestic use and are not to be conf
9、used with othertypes of gates or enclosures that may be specifically designed for commercial, institutional, agricultural, pet use, or any other suchuse.1.4 No expansion gate or expandable enclosure as defined in Section 3, that is, produced after the approval date of this consumersafety specificati
10、on either by label or other means, shall indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all therequirements contained herein.1.5 For expediency, expansion gates and expandable enclosures as defined in Section 3 will heretofore be referred to in thisconsumer safety specification as
11、 “gates” and “enclosures” unless referred to definitively.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 The following pertain
12、s only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification.This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine the appli
13、cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1 This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.16on Highchairs, Hook-On Chairs and Expandable Gates.Current edition approved July 1, 2016Jul
14、y 15, 2016. Published August 2016. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2016 asF1004 16.F1004 16a. DOI: 10.1520/F1004-16A.10.1520/F1004-16B.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have
15、been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official docum
16、ent.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play YardsF963 Consum
17、er Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 British Standard:3BS 4125 Specification for Safety Requirements for Child Safety Barriers for Domestic Use2.3 Federal Regulations:416 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Subst
18、ances Act Regulations, Including Parts:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys and OtherArticles Intended for Use by ChildrenUnder Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys and Other Articles Intend
19、ed forUse by Children Under Eight-Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age WhichPresent Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard
20、:3.1.1 automatic closing system, na feature (or mechanism) which the manufacturer claims, markets, or intends to close, orcombinations thereof, close an egress panel automatically without the intervention of the user.3.1.2 completely-bounded opening, nany opening in the main structure of a product t
21、hat is enclosed totally by boundaries onall sides.3.1.3 conspicuous, adjlabel which is visible, when the gate/expandable enclosure is in a manufacturers recommended useposition, to a person standing near the gate/expandable enclosure at any one position around the gate/expandable enclosure, butnot n
22、ecessarily visible from all positions.3.1.4 double-action release mechanism, na release mechanism requiring either two consecutive actions, the first of whichmust be maintained while the second is carried out, or two separate and independent single action release mechanisms that mustbe activated sim
23、ultaneously to unlock the gate/enclosure.3.1.5 egress panel, npanel(s) within a gate or enclosure designed to swing, retract, or fold open to allow passage.3.1.5.1 DiscussionPressure mounted gates that require the pressure to be released in order to allow passage, are not considered to contain an eg
24、resspanel.3.1.6 expandable enclosures, nself-supporting barrier intended to completely surround an area or play-space within which ayoung child (see 1.2) may be confined.3.1.6.1 DiscussionEnclosures may be marketed for indoor or outdoor use, or both. Expandable enclosures do not include an attached
25、floor.3.1.7 expansion gate, nbarrier intended to be erected in an opening, such as a doorway, to prevent the passage of youngchildren (see 1.2), but which can be removed by older persons who are able to operate the locking mechanism.3.1.7.1 DiscussionSuch gates are available in a number of different
26、 styles of construction and are manufactured from a variety of different materials.3.1.8 extension panel(s), nany panel recommended by the manufacturer for extending the length or height of the productincluding panels sold with the gate/enclosure and those sold separately.2 For referencedASTM standa
27、rds, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL
28、, U.K., http:/www.bsi-.4 Code of Federal Regulations is available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 21402.F1004 16b23.1.9 hold open mechanism, na feature sometimes included with automatic closing gates where the gate will stay in a fullyopen position an
29、d not automatically close the egress panel.3.1.10 manufacturers recommended use position(s)any position that is presented by the manufacturer in any descriptive orinstructional literature as a normal, allowable, or acceptable configuration for the use of the product.3.1.10.1 DiscussionThis specifica
30、lly excludes positions which the manufacturer shows in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.3.1.11 nonpaper label, nany label material, such as plastic or metal, which either will not tear without the aid of tools or tearsleaving a sharply-defined edge.3.1.12 paper label, na
31、ny label material, which tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.13 partially-bounded opening, nany opening in the main structure of a product that is not enclosed totally by boundarieson all sides.3.1.13.1 DiscussionFor example, a V-shape in the top of an accordion slat-style p
32、roduct or a rectangular notch resulting from a gap between a wallsurface and the main structure of a baby gate would be considered a partially-bounded opening.3.1.14 pressure mounted gate, nany gate which relies on pressure as the mechanism by which the gate stays in itsmanufacturers recommended use
33、 position.3.1.15 static load, nvertically downward force applied by a calibrated force gage or by dead weights.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor which may be covered with 18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor cover, unlessthe test instructs differentl
34、y.4.2 The gate/expandable enclosure shall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufac-turers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be preconditioned in a room with an ambient temperature of 7
35、3 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least1 h prior to testing. Testing then shall be conducted within this temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be conducted on the same unit. The gate/expandable enclosure with andwithout any and all extension panels installed in any of the manu
36、facturers recommended use positions must comply with thestandard.5. General Requirements5.1 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free from splinters. Slats are not permitted tocontain any lateral/transverse joints, such as finger-joints, or any other means of joinin
37、g pieces of lumber end-to-end.5.2 Screws shall not be used in the assembly of any components or locking or attaching device (or devices) that are intendedto be removed by the consumer during daily operations.5.3 There shall be no hazardous sharp edges or points as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CF
38、R 1500.49 before or after testingto this consumer safety specification.5.4 There shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing to this specification.5.5 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through a wall section of any rigid material les
39、s than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) thickand admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that are between0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but are limited in depth to0.375 in. (9
40、.53 mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 1). The product shall be evaluated in allmanufacturers recommended positions.5.5.1 Openings through multiple wall sections and openings created by multiple wall sections must meet the size requirementsin 5.5 if the total thickne
41、ss of the combined wall sections and any air gap between the wall sections is less than 0.375 in. (9.53mm).5.6 Exposed Coil SpringsAny exposed coil spring, which is accessible to the occupant having or capable of generating a spacebetween coils of 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) or greater during static load te
42、sting in accordance with 7.27.8 shall be covered or otherwisedesigned to prevent injury from entrapment.F1004 16b35.7 Scissoring, Shearing, and PinchingThe gate/expandable enclosure when in the manufacturers recommended useposition(s) shall be designed and constructed to prevent injury to the child
43、from any scissoring, shearing, or pinching whenmembers or components rotate about a common axis or fastening point, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise move relative to oneanother. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury shall not be permissible when the edges of any rigid parts admita
44、probe greater than 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) diameter at any accessible point through the range ofmotion of such parts.5.8 Labeling:5.8.1 Warning labels (whether paper or nonpaper) shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.7.17.12.1 7.7.37.12.3.5.8.2 Warning sta
45、tements applied directly onto the surface of the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, wood burning,etc., shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.7.47.12.4.5.8.3 Nonpaper labels shall not liberate small parts when tested in accordance with 7.7.57.12.5.5.9 Push-Out Test:5.9.1
46、All gates shall be tested in accordance with 7.8. At each test location, the average push-out force shall be a minimum of10 lbf (45 N).5.9.2 Gates that are marketed as being usable at the top of stairs shall be tested in accordance with 7.8. At each test location,the average push-out force shall exc
47、eed 30 lbf (133 N). In addition, each individual force shall exceed 20 lbf (89 N). Gates thatdo not meet the test requirements in this section shall bear the warning in 8.5.5 that they shall not be used at the top of stairs.5.9 The paint and surface coating on the product shall comply with 16 CFR 13
48、03.FIG. 1 OpeningsF1004 16b45.10 Locking DeviceProtective ComponentsEvery device provided to prevent the unlocking or unlatching of a product fromthe manufacturers recommended use position(s) shall meet eitherIf a child can grasp protective components, such as caps, sleeves,or plugs used for protect
49、ion from sharp edges, points, or entrapment of fingers or toes, between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth,or if there is at least a 0.040 in. (1.00 mm) gap between the component and its adjacent parent component, such components shallnot be 5.11.1 or removed when tested in accordance with 5.11.27.7.5.11.1 Each single-action locking or latching device shall require a minimum force of 10 lbf (45 N) to activate the releasemechanism when tested in accordance with 7.11.5.11.2 The locking or latching device shall be a double-act
