1、Designation: E604 83 (Reapproved 2008)E604 15Standard Test Method forDynamic Tear Testing of Metallic Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E604; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers th
3、e dynamic tear (DT) test using specimens that are 316 in. to 58 in. (5 mm to 16 mm) inclusivein thickness.1.2 This test method is applicable to materials with a minimum thickness of 316 in. (5 mm).1.3 The pressed-knife procedure described for sharpening the notch tip generally limits this test metho
4、d to materials with ahardness level less than 36 HRC.NOTE 1The designation 36 HRC is a Rockwell hardness number of 36 on Rockwell C scale as defined in Test Methods E18.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversio
5、ns to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices a
6、nd determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B221 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and TubesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardn
7、ess of Metallic MaterialsE399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness KIc of Metallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 Description of Terms Specific to this StandardDefinitions of Terms Common in Mechanical Testing:3.1.1 The definitions of mechanical testing terms that appear in Ter
8、minology E6 apply to this test method.3.2 Dynamic Tear (DT) Energythe total energy required to fracture DT specimens tested in accordance with the provisionsof this test method.NOTE 2With pendulum-type machines, the DT energy is the difference between the initial and the final potential energies of
9、the pendulum orpendulums.NOTE 3With drop-weight machines, the DT energy is the difference between the initial potential energy of the hammer and the final energy of thehammer as determined by a calibrated energy measurement system.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 dynamic tear
10、 (DT) energythe total energy required to fracture DT specimens tested in accordance with the provisionsof this test method.3.2.1.1 Discussion1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on Impact Test
11、ing.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008Dec. 1, 2015. Published January 2009February 2016. Originally approved as a proposed test method in 1975. Last previous editionapproved in 20022008 as E604 83(2002). 83(2008). DOI: 10.1520/E0604-83R08.10.1520/E0604-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit th
12、eASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an
13、 indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to
14、 be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1With pendulum-type machines, the DT energy is the difference between the initial and
15、 the final potential energies of the pendulumor pendulums.3.2.1.2 DiscussionWith drop-weight machines, the DT energy is the difference between the initial potential energy of the hammer and the final energyof the hammer as determined by a calibrated energy measurement system.3.2.2 percent shear frac
16、ture appearancethe percent of the net section that fractured in a shear mode.3.2.2.1 DiscussionNet section may be either the net section area before fracture or the area of the projected plane of the fracture surface.3.3 Percent Shear Fracture AppearancePercent shear fracture appearance is the perce
17、nt of the net section that fractured in ashear mode. Net section can be either the net section area before fracture or the area of the projected plane of the fracture surface.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The DT test involves a single-edge notched beam that is impact loaded in three-point bending, an
18、d the total energy lossduring separation is recorded.4.2 The DT specimens are fractured with pendulum or drop-weight machines.5. Significance and Use5.1 The DT energy value is a measure of resistance to rapid progressive fracturing. In a number of applications, the enhancedresistance that may develo
19、p during about one plate thickness of crack extension from a sharp notch is of major interest. In the testmethod, a sufficiently long fracture path is provided so that the results serve as a measure of this property.5.2 Fracture surfaces of nonaustenitic steels tested in their temperature transition
20、 region have areas that appear bright and areasthat appear dull.The bright, faceted appearing areas are termed “cleavage” fracture, and the dull appearing areas are termed “shear”fracture after their respective mode of fracture on a micro scale.5.3 This test method can serve the following purposes:5
21、.3.1 In research and development, to evaluate the effects of metallurgical variables such as composition, processing, or heattreatment, or of fabricating operations such as forming and welding on the dynamic tear fracture resistance of new or existingmaterials.5.3.2 In service evaluation, to establi
22、sh the suitability of a material for a specific application only where a correlation betweenDT energy and service performance has been established.35.3.3 For information, specifications of acceptance, and manufacturing quality control when a minimum DTenergy is requested.Detailed discussion of the b
23、asis for determining such minimum values in a particular case is beyond the scope of this test method.6. Apparatus6.1 General RequirementsThe testing machine shall be either a pendulum type or a drop-weight type of capacity more thansufficient to break the specimen in one blow. DT energy values abov
24、e 80 % of the initial potential energy of the blow are invalid.The capacity needed to conduct DT tests on most steels is 2000 ftlbf (2700 J) for 58-in. (16-mm) and 500 ftlbf (700 J) for 316-in.(5-mm) thick specimens. The capacity needed to conduct DT tests on the cast irons and aluminum alloys is le
25、ss than 20 % of thevalues given above for most steels.6.1.1 Velocity LimitationsTests may be made at velocities that range from 13 to 28 ft/s (4.0 to 8.5 m/s). Velocity shall be statedas the velocity between the striker and the specimen at impact. This range in velocities corresponds to that of hamm
26、ers droppedfrom heights of 32 in. to 12 ft (0.8 to 3.7 m).6.1.2 The impact machine shall have a calibrated scale, charts, or direct reading-indicatordirect-reading indicator of initial andfinal energy values, or the difference between the initial and final energy values. The scale, chart, or direct-
27、reading indicator shallbe divided so that DT energy values can be estimated within the following increments:DT Energy Value Maximum Increment600 ftlbf (800 J) 30 ftlbf (40 J)6.1.2.1 The error in the DT energy value due to an error in the weight of the pendulum or the dropping weight, or due to anerr
28、or in drop height, shall not exceed 1 %. Windage and friction may be compensated for by increasing the height of the drop, inwhich case the height may exceed the nominal value by not over 2.0 %.3 Pellini , W. S., “Analytical Design Procedures for Metals of Elastic-Plastic and Plastic Fracture Proper
29、ties,” Welding Research Council Bulletin 186, August 1973.E604 1526.1.3 The specimen anvil and the striker tup shall be of steel hardened to a minimum hardness value of 48 HRC and shallconform to the dimensions presented in Fig. 1. Clearance between the sides of the hammer and anvil shall not be les
30、s than 2.0 in.(51 mm), and the center line of the striker edge shall advance in the plane that is within 0.032 in. (0.80 mm) of the midpointbetween the supporting edges of the specimen anvils. The striker edge shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of thespecimen within 0.01 rad. When in co
31、ntact with the specimen, the striker edge shall be parallel within 0.005 rad to the face of asquare test specimen held against the anvil. Specimen supports for pendulum machines shall be square with anvil faces within0.0025 rad. Specimen supports shall be coplanar within 0.005 in. (0.125 mm) and par
32、allel within 0.002 rad.6.2 The design of the pendulum impact machines shall position the center of percussion at the center of strike within 1 % ofthe distance from the center of rotation to the center of the strike. When hanging free, the pendulums shall hang so that the strikingedge is less than 0
33、.20 in. (5.0 mm) from the edge position of the specimen.6.2.1 The location of the center of percussion may be determined as follows: Using a stop watch or some other suitable timerto within 0.2 s, swing the pendulum through a total angle not greater than 15, and record the time for 100 complete cycl
34、es (toand fro). Determine the center of percussion as follows:l 50.815 2,to determine l in feet (1)l 50.24852, to determine l in metresl 50.8152,to determine l in feet (1)l 50.24852, to determine l in metreswhere:l = distance from the axis to the center of percussion, ft (or m), and = time of a comp
35、lete cycle (to and fro) of the pendulum, s.6.2.2 For double-pendulum machines, the center of percussion of each pendulum shall be determined separately.7. Safety Hazards7.1 A safety screen shall surround the anvil to restrict the flight of broken specimens.Dimensions and Tolerance for Specimen Blank
36、Parameter Units Dimension ToleranceLength, L in. 7.125 0.125mm 181 3Width, W in. 1.60 0.10mm 41 2Thickness, B in. 0.625 0.035mm 16 1Angularity, deg 90 1NOTE 1See 9.1 for specimens less than 58-in. (16 mm) thick.FIG. 1 Dynamic Tear Test Specimen, Anvil Supports, and StrikerE604 1537.2 Precautions sha
37、ll be taken to protect personnel from swinging pendulums, dropping weights, flying broken specimens, andhazards associated with specimen warming and cooling media.8. Sampling8.1 Notation of the orientation of base metal specimens shall be in accordance with that recommended in Test Method E399.8.2 I
38、f the thickness of the product is greater than 58 in. (16 mm), then a 58-in. (16-mm) thick specimen shall be the standardspecimen.9. Test Specimens9.1 Size of SpecimensThe specimen blank shall be B by 1.60 by 7.125 in. (B by 40.6 by 181.0 mm) where B can be from 316to 58 in. (5 to 16 mm). The tolera
39、nces for these dimensions are presented in Fig. 1.9.1.1 If the thickness of the product is greater than 58 in. (16 mm) then a 58 in. (16 mm) thick specimen shall be the standardspecimen.9.2 Notch DetailThe notch is machined to provide a fracture path in test material of 1.125 in. (28.5 mm); the smal
40、l extensionrequired for notch sharpening is considered a portion of the nominal net section. Details of the notch are shown inThe notchdimensions shall conform Fig. 2, and the notch dimensionsto the values given in Fig. 2shall conform to the values given therein9.3 Procedure for Preparing Notch:9.3.
41、1 Rough MachiningMachine a notch to the dimensions shown in Fig. 2. The angular apex portion and particularly the finalcut on the root radius canmay be machined with a precisely ground saw, cutter, electric discharge machine, or any other machiningprocess that will ensure a final root radius less th
42、an 0.005 in. (0.13 mm). These machining operations are normally performedsimultaneously for a group of specimens.NOTE 2These machining operations are normally performed simultaneously for a group of specimens.9.3.2 Pressing Notch TipPressingPress the sharp tip of the notch to the dimensions prescrib
43、ed in Fig. 2 is performed onindividual specimens.The impression is made Make the impression with a blade of high-speed tool steel (60 HRC min), whichmin)that has been ground to the dimensions presented in Fig. 3, and subsequently honed to remove any burrs or rough edges. Anyloading device with suffi
44、cient capacity to press the knife to the prescribed depth may be used. TheNOTE 3Suggested practices for measuring the pressed tip and for pressing the notch tip are given in theAppendixes. The force required to accomplishthe pressing is related to the hardness and the thickness of the specimen. The
45、force required can be estimated by either of the following formulas:Dimensions and Tolerances for Notch TipParameter Units Dimension ToleranceNet width, (W a ) in. 1.125 0.020mm 28.6 0.5Machined notch width, Nw in. 0.0625 0.005mm 1.59 0.13Machined notch root angle, Na deg 60 2Machined notch root rad
46、ius, Nr in. 0.005 maxPressed tip depth, tD mm 0.13 maxmm 0.13 maxPressed tip depth, tD in. 0.010 0.005Pressed tip angle, ta mm 0.25 0.13mm 0.25 0.13Pressed tip root radius, tr deg 40 5Pressed tip angle, ta deg 40 5Pressed tip root radius, tr in. 0.001 maxmm 0.025 maxFIG. 2 Details of the Notch in a
47、Dynamic Tear SpecimenE604 154force lbf!5473tensile strength ksi!3B in.!force N!52.93tensile strength MPa!3B mm!where:B = thickness of the specimen.force required to accomplish the pressing is related to the hardness and the thickness of the specimen. The force required can beapproximated by either o
48、f the following formulas:force lbf!5473ultimate tensile strength ksi!3B in.!force N!52.93ultimate tensile strength MPa!3B mm!where B = thickness of the specimen.NOTE 4Suggested practices for measuring the pressed tip and for pressing the notch tip are given in the Appendixes.10. Calibration of Appar
49、atus10.1 Single-Pendulum MachineSupport the pendulum horizontally (9061 from the rest position) at a point most convenientto react with a weighing device such as a platform scale, balance, or load cell, and determine the weight within 0.4 %. Take careto minimize friction at the bearing support and the weighing support. Measure the length of the moment arm (that is, the horizontaldistance between the center of rotation and a vertical line that passes through the point of support) within 0.1 %. The pote
