1、Designation: F31 05 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Specification for42 % Nickel-6 % Chromium-Iron Sealing Alloy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F31; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers an iron-nickel-chromium alloy(UNS K94760) used primarily for glass-sealing applications inelectronic de
3、vices.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat applies only toSection 13. This standar
4、d does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
5、 Standards:2E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE38 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Chromiumand Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys3E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Gra
6、in SizeE228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of SolidMaterials With a Push-Rod DilatometerF14 Practice for Making andTesting Reference Glass-MetalBead-SealF140 Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Butt Sealsand Testing for Expansion Characteristics by PolarimetricMethodsF144 Practice fo
7、r Making Reference Glass-Metal SandwichSeal and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polari-metric Methods3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:3.1.1 Size,3.1.2 Temper (Section 6),3.1.3 Surface finish (Section 8),3.1.4 Mark
8、ing and packaging (Section 13), and3.1.5 Certification if required.4. Chemical Composition4.1 The material shall conform to the requirements of Table1 as to chemical composition.NOTE 1The major constituents of this alloy may be adjusted by themanufacturer so that the alloy meets the requirement for
9、thermal expan-sion.5. Chemical Analysis5.1 Chemical analysis shall be made, when desired, inaccordance with Methods E38.6. Surface Lubricants6.1 All lubricants used during cold-working operations suchas drawing, rolling, or spinning, shall be capable of beingremoved readily by any of the common orga
10、nic degreasingsolvents.7. Temper7.1 The desired temper of the material shall be specified onthe purchase order. Unless otherwise specified, wire, rod, andtubing shall be given a final bright anneal by the manufacturer.Strip and sheet shall be annealed properly to develop drawing1This specification i
11、s under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 onElectronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on MetallicMaterials.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1963 as F31 63 T. Last previous edition approved in 2005 asF31 05. DOI: 10.1
12、520/F0031-05R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Discontinued; see 1988 Annual Book of ASTM S
13、tandards , Vol 03.05.TABLE 1 Chemical CompositionElement Composition, %Nickel, nominal 42.0Chromium, nominal 5.6Carbon, max 0.07Manganese, max 0.25Phosphorus, max 0.025Sulfur, max 0.025Silicon, max 0.30Aluminum, max 0.20Iron remainder1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
14、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.properties. For deep drawing, the hardness shall not exceedRockwell B90 when determined in accordance with TestMethods E18.8. Grain Size8.1 Strip and sheet for deep drawing applications shall havean average grain size not larger than ASTM No. 5 (Note
15、2),with no more than 10 % of the grains larger than No. 5 whenmeasured in accordance withTest Methods E112. For materialsless than 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) in thickness, the grain size shallbe such that there are no less than 4 grains across the thickness.NOTE 2This corresponds to a grain size finer than
16、 0.065 mm or 16grains/in.2of image at 1003.9. Dimensional Tolerances9.1 Cold-Rolled StripCold-rolled strip shall conform tothe permissible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 2,Table 3, and Table 4.9.2 Round Wire and RodWire and rod shall conform tothe permissible variations in dimension pr
17、escribed in Table 5.TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Thickness of Cold-Rolled StripNOTE 1 Measurement shall be made at least38 in. (9.5 mm) from the edge of strip over 1-in. (25.4 mm) wide.Specified Thickness Permissible Variations in Thickness for Width Given, 6in. (mm) Under 3 in.(Under 76mm)Over
18、 3 to 6in.(76to150mm)Over 6 to 12in.(150 to 300mm)Over 12 to 16in.(300 to 400mm)0.160 to 0.100, incl (4.06 to 2.54) 0.002 (0.05) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.10) 0.004 (0.10)0.099 to 0.069, incl (2.51 to 1.75) 0.002 (0.05) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.10)0.068 to 0.050, incl (1.73 to 1.27) 0.002 (
19、0.05) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076)0.049 to 0.035, incl (1.24 to 0.89) 0.002 (0.05) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076)0.034 to 0.029, incl (0.86 to 0.74) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.05) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.0025 (0.064)0.028 to 0.026, incl (0.71 to 0.66) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.0
20、02 (0.05) 0.002 (0.05)0.025 to 0.020, incl (0.64 to 0.51) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.05) 0.002 (0.05)0.019 to 0.017, incl (0.48 to 0.43) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.05)0.016 to 0.012, incl (0.41 to 0.30) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.0015 (0.038)0.01
21、1 to 0.0101, incl (0.28 to 0.256) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038)0.010 to 0.0091, incl (0.254 to 0.231) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025)0.009 to 0.006, incl (0.228 to 0.152) 0.00075 (0.019) 0.00075 (0.019) . .Under 0.006 (0.152) 0.0005 (0.013) 0.0005 (
22、0.013) . .TABLE 3 Permissible Variation in Thickness Across Width of StripSpecified ThicknessMaximum Variation in Thickness Across Width of Strip, Within Those Provided for in Table 1 for Edge Measurementsfor Widths and Thicknesses Given,in. (mm)5 in. andUnder(127 mm andUnder)Over 5 to12 in.(Over 12
23、7 to 300mm)Over 12 to 24 in.,incl(Over 300 to 600mm)0.005 to 0.010, incl (0.13 to 0.25) 0.00075 (0.019) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038)Over 0.010 to 0.025, incl (0.25 to 0.64) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051)Over 0.025 to 0.065, incl (0.64 to 1.65) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064)O
24、ver 0.065 to 3/16 , excl (1.65 to 4.74) 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.003 (0.076)TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Width of Cold-Rolled Strip Supplied in CoilsSpecified Thickness Permissible Variations in Width for Widths Given, 6in. (mm)Under12to316 in.(Under12.7 to4.75 mm)12 to6in.(12.7 to150 mm)
25、Over 6 to9in.(150 to225 mm)Over 9 to12 in.(225 to300 mm)Over 12to 20 in.(300 to500 mm)Over20 to231516 in.(500 to 600mm)0.187 to 0.161 (4.75 to 4.09) . 0.016 (0.41) 0.020 (0.51) 0.020 (0.51) 0.031 (0.79) 0.031 (0.79)0.160 to 0.100 (4.06 to 2.54) 0.010 (0.25) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.41) 0.016 (0.41) 0.0
26、20 (0.51) 0.020 (0.51)0.099 to 0.069 (2.51 to 1.75) 0.008 (0.20) 0.008 (0.20) 0.010 (0.25) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.41) 0.020 (0.51)0.068 and under (1.73) 0.005 (0.13) 0.005 (0.13) 0.005 (0.13) 0.010 (0.25) 0.016 (0.41) 0.020 (0.51)TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Diameter of Wire and RodSpecified Dia
27、meterPermissible Variations inDiameter, 6in. (mm) in. (mm)Wire (Coiled, Spooled or Straight Lengths)0.002 to 0.0043 (0.051 to 0.109) 0.0002 (0.005)0.0044 to 0.0079 (112 to 0.200) 0.00025 (0.0064)0.008 to 0.0149 (0.203 to 0.378) 0.0003 (0.0076)0.015 to 0.0199 (0.381 to 0.505) 0.0004 (0.0102)0.020 to
28、0.0309 (0.508 to 0.785) 0.0005 (0.0127)0.031 to 0.0409 (0.787 to 1.039) 0.0006 (0.0152)0.041 to 0.0609 (1.041 to 1.547) 0.0007 (0.0178)0.061 to 0.0809 (1.549 to 2.055) 0.0008 (0.0203)0.081 to 0.1259 (2.057 to 3.198) 0.001 (0.0254)0.126 to 0.1569 (3.200 to 3.985) 0.0015 (0.038)0.157 to 0.250 (3.988 t
29、o 6.35) 0.002 (0.051)Rod, Centerless Ground Finish (Straight Lengths)0.030 to 0.0549 (0.766 to 1.394) 0.0005 (0.0127)0.055 to 0.1249 (1.397 to 3.172) 0.001 (0.0254)0.125 to 0.499 (3.175 to 12.67) 0.0015 (0.038)0.500 to 0.999 (12.70 to 25.37) 0.002 (0.051)1.000 to 1.625 (25.4 to 41.27) 0.0025 (0.064)
30、1.626 to 1.749 (41.3 to 44.42) 0.003 (0.076)1.750 to 1.999 (44.45 to 50.17) 0.004 (0.010)2.000 to 4.000 (50.8 to 101.6) 0.005 (0.013)F31 05 (2010)29.3 Cold-Drawn TubingCold-drawn tubing, available ei-ther as seamless or welded, shall conform to the permissiblevariations prescribed in Table 6.10. Sur
31、face Finish10.1 The standard surface finishes available shall be thoseresulting from the following operations:10.1.1 Hot rolling,10.1.2 Forging,10.1.3 Centerless grinding (rod),10.1.4 Belt polishing,10.1.5 Cold rolling, and drawing, and10.1.6 Wire drawing.10.2 Care shall be taken to prevent the depl
32、etion of surfacechromium during processing.11. Thermal Expansion Characteristics11.1 The average linear coefficient of thermal expansionshall be within limits specified in Table 7.12. Test Method for Thermal Expansion12.1 Heat the specimen for 15 min at 1100C in a hydrogenor cracked-ammonia atmosphe
33、re with a dew point of 40Cand cool to room temperature at a rate not exceeding 5C/min.12.2 Determine the thermal expansion characteristics inaccordance with Test Method E228.12.3 The thermal expansion match between the alloy and aglass may be evaluated by preparing and testing an assembly inaccordan
34、ce with Practice F14, Practice F140, or Practice F144.13. Test Results13.1 Observed or calculated values obtained from analysis,measurements, or tests shall be rounded off in accordance withthe rounding-off method of Practice E29, to the nearest unit inthe last right-hand place of figures used in ex
35、pressing thespecified limit.14. General Requirements14.1 The material shall be commercially smooth, uniform incross section, in composition, and in temper; it shall be free ofscale, corrosion, cracks, seams, scratches, slivers, and otherdefects as best commercial practice will permit.15. Packaging a
36、nd Package Marking15.1 Packaging shall be subject to agreement between thepurchaser and seller.15.2 The material as furnished under this specification shallbe identified by the name or symbol of the manufacturer and bymelt number. The lot size for determining compliance with therequirements of this
37、specification shall be one heat.16. Investigation of Claims16.1 Where any material fails to meet the requirements ofthis specification, the material so designated shall be handled inaccordance with the agreement mutually agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the seller.17. Keywords17.1 glass-to-metal
38、 sealing; iron-nickel-chromium alloy;UNS K94760TABLE 6 Permissible Variations in Dimensions of Standard TubingSpecified Outside Diameter, Permissible VariationsAin. (mm)Outside Diameter Inside DiameterWall Thickness, plus orminus, %in. (mm) in. (mm)Under 0.093 (2.36) + 0.0020.000( + 0.051)(0.000)+ 0
39、.0000.002( + 0.000)(0.051)100.093 to 0.187, excl (2.36 to 4.75) + 0.003 ( + 0.076) + 0.000 ( + 0.000) 100.000 (0.000) 0.003 (0.076)0.187 to 0.550, excl (4.75 to 12.7) + 0.004 ( + 0.102) + 0.000 ( + 0.000) 100.000 (0.000) 0.004 (0.102)0.500 to 1.500, excl (12.7 to 38.1) + 0.005 ( + 0.13) + 0.000 ( +
40、0.000) 100.000 (0.00) 0.005 (0.13)AAny two of the three dimensional tolerances listed may be specified.TABLE 7 Coefficient of Thermal ExpansionATemperature Range, C Coefficient, 106/C30 to 42530 to 3509.7 to 10.78.5 to 9.5ATypical expansion data up to 700C are given in the Appendix.F31 05 (2010)3APP
41、ENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. THERMAL EXPANSION DATAX1.1 The following typical thermal expansion data for42 % nickel-6 % chromium-iron sealing alloy (UNS K94760)are given for information only.Temperature Range. CAverage Linear Coefficient of ThermalExpansion. m/mC30 to 300 7.930 to 400 9.830 to
42、 500 11.230 to 600 12.130 to 700 13.0ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the ri
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