1、Designation: F180 94 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forDensity of Fine Wire and Ribbon Wire for ElectronicDevices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F180; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of, to anaccuracy of 1.0 %, the density of fine wires ranging from 0.25t
3、o 0.02 mm in diameter, or ribbons of similar thicknesses, forelectronic devices.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with
4、 its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazardstatements are given in Section 4.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 densitythe weight per uni
5、t volume, expressed ingrams per cubic centimetre, in accordance with the followingequation: 5 W/Vwhere: = density of the specimenW = weight of the specimen, g, andV = volume of the specimen, cm3.3. Apparatus3.1 BalanceA suitable chemical balance capable of beingread to 0.1 mg.3.2 Micrometer, capable
6、 of being read to 0.002 mm.3.3 Standard Volume CylinderA cylinder of standard vol-ume made from corrosion-resistant material such as nickel,cylindrical in shape to within 0.0025 mm and of uniformdiameter and length. The length of the cylinder shall beapproximately the same as the diameter and about
7、12.7 to 25.4mm. The surface of the cylinder shall be smooth and free fromdefects, pits, or cracks. The corners of the cylinder shall not berounded.3.4 Thermometer, capable of being read to 0.2C within therange from 10 to 35C.3.5 Vacuum Pump and Desiccator A vacuum pump ca-pable of producing a vacuum
8、 of 0.1 mm Hg and a vacuumdesiccator.3.6 Hook suspended by a fine wire about 0.08 mm indiameter, both made of corrosion-resistant material, for sup-porting the test specimen while weighing it in the liquid.3.7 Cradle suspended by a fine wire about 0.08 mm indiameter, both made of corrosion-resistant
9、 material, for sup-porting the standard volume cylinder while weighing it in thetest liquid.4. Test Liquid4.1 The test liquid in which the test specimen and standardvolume cylinder are to be immersed while being weighed shallbe pure, stable, and shall have a low viscosity, low surfacetension, low va
10、por pressure and a density of not less than 2g/cm3. Tetrabromoethane and tribromomethane have beenfound satisfactory for this purpose.4.2 Precaution2These liquids are moderately toxic andshould only be used by those familiar with the hazardsinvolved.4.2.1 Tests should be carried out under a fume hoo
11、d. Thefluids used should be considered potentially dangerous.4.2.2 HazardWhen treated, highly toxic fumes are givenoff. Prolonged inhalation can cause unconsciousness.4.2.3 TreatmentFresh air; artificial respiration if uncon-scious; oxygen if required.5. Test Specimen5.1 The preferred length of wire
12、 or ribbon required for thetest specimen shall be such that the volume is approximately0.5 cm3. The use of a specimen of less than 0.2 cm3is notrecommended.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 onElectronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on Metal
13、licMaterials, Wire Bonding, and Flip Chip.Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originallyapproved in 1943 as B180 43 T. Last previous edition approved in 2010 asF180 94 (2010)1. DOI: 10.1520/F0180-94R15.2See Sax, N. I., Handbook of Dangerous Materials, 1951.Copyright ASTM
14、 International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Preparation of Specimen6.1 The wire or ribbon shall be wiped and loosely woundinto a small coil and bound with wire of the same compositionin such a manner that no loose ends project from the body
15、ofthe coil in order to produce a compact coil sufficiently looselywound to permit penetration of the test liquid upon immersion.The test specimen shall be thoroughly cleaned of lubricants bywashing or boiling in suitable solvents and thoroughly dryingin an oven.7. Procedure7.1 Weigh the test specime
16、n in air to the nearest 0.1 mg.Pour sufficient test liquid into a beaker to completely covereither the test specimen or the standard volume cylinder (see7.4) when suspended by their respective supports in the liquidfor weighing (Note 2). Immerse the specimen in the liquid, andplace the beaker contai
17、ning the specimen entirely submerged inthe vacuum desiccator. The vacuum produced by the pumpshall be sufficient to bring the liquid to a slow boil at roomtemperature and the boiling shall be continued for 10 to 15min. During this boiling period, jar or tap the desiccator inorder to detach bubbles o
18、f air or vapor clinging to thespecimen.NOTE 1The size of the beaker and the quantity of liquid are a matterof convenience. One pound of the liquid is a sufficient quantity to use.7.2 Break the vacuum and upon removal of the beaker fromthe desiccator, insert and fasten the thermometer so as not toint
19、erfere with the weighing of the specimen in the liquid. Takecare that the specimen, liquid, and thermometer all have thesame temperature, before weighing. This may be accomplishedby allowing the liquid to stand a few minutes before weighingand stirring occasionally, but not vigorously.7.3 Support th
20、e beaker, containing the specimen andthermometer, independently of, and above, the weighing pan ofthe balance. Determine the weight of the unloaded hook to thenearest 0.1 mg while the hook is suspended totally immersed inthe liquid. Then place the specimen on the hook, taking carethat the specimen i
21、s not exposed at any time to the atmosphereabove the liquid, and weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg (Note 3).Record the temperature to the nearest 0.1C.NOTE 2In weighing the specimen in the liquid, it will be founddesirable to confine the magnitude of the swing of the pointer to a fewmillimetres, because o
22、f the strong damping effect of the liquid upon themotion of the specimen.7.4 Measure the standard volume cylinder to the nearest0.002 mm and weigh in air to the nearest 0.1 mg. Place thestandard volume cylinder in the cradle, immerse it in the testliquid, and weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg. Then weigh
23、theunloaded cradle to the nearest 0.1 mg while it is suspended inthe liquid completely immersed. Record the temperature of theliquid to the nearest 0.1C.8. Calculation8.1 Density of Test LiquidThe density of the test liquidshall be calculated as follows:d 5wa1cl2 wl!/vwhere:d = density of test liqui
24、d, g/cm3,wa= weight of standard volume cylinder in air, g,cl= weight of cradle in liquid, g,wl= weight of standard volume cylinder and its supportingcradle in liquid, g, andv = volume of standard cylinder, cm3.The density of most liquids varies considerably with thetemperature. If the weight of the
25、specimen and the weight ofthe cylinder have been determined at different temperatures, itwill be necessary to apply a temperature correction to obtainthe density of the liquid for the temperature at which thespecimen is tested.NOTE 3The temperature coefficient of density for tetrabromoethaneis 0.002
26、3 C and for tribromomethane 0.0022 C.8.2 Density of SpecimenThe density of the specimen shallbe calculated as follows: 5 Wa3 d!/Wa1h 2 Wl!where: = density of specimen, g/cm3,Wa= weight of specimen in air, g,d = density of test liquid g/cm3,h = weight of hook in liquid, g, andWl= weight of specimen a
27、nd its supporting hook in liquid,g.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Analysis of specimen,9.1.2 Size of specimen,9.1.3 Weight of specimen,9.1.4 Density of specimen to three significant figures,9.1.5 Temperature at which density determination is made,9.1.6 Test liquid, and9.1.7 Prev
28、ious mechanical and thermal treatment of speci-men.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method has notbeen formally evaluated using an interlaboratory testing pro-gram. However, it is possible to evaluate the standard deviationof the density, (), for a given experimental se
29、tup, using thefollowing equation that is based on propagation of errors:! 5=$/Wa!22Wa! 1 /d!22d!1 /h!22h! 1 /Wl!22Wl!%.where each of the partial derivative terms are obtained fromappropriate differentiation of the definition of specimendensity, , shown in 8.2.10.2 BiasProper measurement technique fo
30、r all the vari-ables shown in the equation that defines ()in9.1 shouldeliminate bias from this test method.11. Keywords11.1 density measurements; electronic devices; fine wire;ribbon; wire bondingF180 94 (2015)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserte
31、d in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by th
32、e responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
33、careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internat
34、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 94 (2015)3
