1、Designation: E3053 17E3053 18Standard Test Method forDetermining Particulate Matter Emissions from WoodHeaters Using Cordwood Test Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3053; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the fueling and operating protocol for determining average particulate
3、 matter emissions from woodfires in wood-burning room heaters and fireplace inserts as well as options for determining heat output, efficiency, and carbonmonoxide emissions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconve
4、rsions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and envir
5、onmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. Refer to 4.3.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of Internation
6、al Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D7438 Practice for Field Calibration and Application of Hand-Held Moisture MetersE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE631 Terminology of
7、 Building ConstructionsE2515 Test Method for Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected by a Dilution TunnelE2780 Test Method for Determining Particulate Matter Emissions from Wood Heaters2.2 Other Standards:ANSI/UL-103 Standard for Factory-Built Chimneys for Residential Type and Buildi
8、ng Heating Appliances3CSA B415.1 Performance testing of solid-fuel-burning heating appliances4NIST Monograph 175 Temperature-Electromotive Force Reference Functions and Tables for the Letter-Designated Thermo-couple Types Based on the ITS-905NIST 105-1: Specifications and Tolerances for Field Standa
9、rd Weights (NIST Class F)52.3 ASTM Adjunct:6Adjunct to ASTM E3053, Excel7 Files for Cordwood Calculator and Wood Heater Cordwood Test Summary3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of general terms related to building construction used in this test method, refer to Terminology E631.1 Thi
10、s test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54 on Solid FuelBurning Appliances.Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2017April 1, 2018. Published October 2017May 2018. Originally approved in 2017. Last pr
11、evious edition approved in 2017 asE3053-17. DOI: 10.1520/E3053-17.10.1520/E3053-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pag
12、e on the ASTM website.3 Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas, WA 98607-8542, http:/.4 Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, ON, Canada M9W 1R3, http:/www.csagroup.org.5 Available from National Institute of Standards and T
13、echnology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.6 Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJE305317-EA. Original adjunct produced in 2017.7 Excel is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.This document is not an ASTM st
14、andard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all ca
15、ses only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 For definitions of general terms related to fire testing used in this tes
16、t method, refer to Terminology E176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 burn rate, nthe rate at which fuel is consumed in a wood heater.3.2.2 combustion air control, nan air control device that regulates air to the wood heater that is primarily intended to promotepyrolysis of th
17、e fuel load.3.2.3 cordwood, nconventional firewood, it is typically round wood 12 to 24 in. (300 to 600 mm) long that has been split intotriangular, half-round, quarter-round, wedge-shaped, or trapezoidal segments.3.2.4 firebox, nthe chamber in the wood heater in which the test fuel load is placed a
18、nd combusted.3.2.5 firebox height, nunless otherwise specified in the manufacturers written instructions included with the heater, fireboxheight is the vertical distance extending above the loading door, if fuel could reasonably occupy that space, but not more than 2in. (50 mm) above the top (peak h
19、eight) of the loading door, to the floor of the firebox, (that is, below a permanent grate) if thegrate allows a 1-in. (25-mm) diameter piece of fuel to pass through the grate, or, if not, to the top of the grate.3.2.5.1 DiscussionFirebox height is not necessarily uniform. Variations are caused by i
20、nternal baffles, air channels, or other permanent obstructions.A visible indicator or landmark within the firebox that will provide a clear indication to the heater user of the maximum heightthat fuel should be loaded, and is specifically referenced in the manufacturers written instructions, may be
21、used to determinefirebox height for the purposes of calculating usable firebox volume.3.2.6 firebox length, nthe longest horizontal firebox dimension where fuel pieces might reasonably be expected to be placedin accordance with the manufacturers written instructions that is parallel to a wall of the
22、 chamber, in. (mm).3.2.7 firebox width, nthe shortest horizontal firebox dimension where fuel pieces might reasonably be expected to be placedin accordance with the manufacturers written instructions that is parallel to a wall of the chamber, in. (mm).3.2.8 fuel piece length, nthe nominal length of
23、the cordwood fuel pieces that comprise the test fuel load, in. (mm).3.2.9 kindling, nsplit cordwood fuel pieces used to ignite the start-up fuel and the test fuel load from a cold start condition.Applies to high fire test runs only.3.2.10 manufacturers written instructions, nspecific information reg
24、arding the fueling and operation procedures recom-mended by the heater manufacturer and included with the heater at the time of testing.3.2.10.1 DiscussionThese instructions may include specific kindling and fueling instructions and recommendations such as kindling dimensions andplacement (including
25、 newspaper) and ignition, dimensions of start-up fuel pieces, addition and placement of the start-up fuel,addition and placement of the main fuel load, position of the load door(s), and setting heater controls (including bypass dampers,if applicable) during start-up and subsequent operation. Instruc
26、tions for refueling a hot heater when residual fuel and charcoal arepresent in the firebox also may be included. These instructions must be consistent with information provided to the heater end-userin the owners manual but also may include information that will be useful only during testing and not
27、 to the end-user.3.2.11 owners manual, nwritten information provided to the wood heater end-user regarding the proper installation andoperation of the wood heater.3.2.11.1 DiscussionIncludes recommended kindling, fueling, and operating procedures that will help the heater user to achieve the best he
28、ateremissions and efficiency performance. It also is referred to as the installation and operation guide or other equivalent title.3.2.12 particulate matter (PM), nall gas-borne matter resulting from combustion of solid fuel, as specified in this test method,which is collected in accordance with Tes
29、t Method E2515.3.2.13 primary combustion air control(s), nan air control device (s) that regulates airflow to the wood heater that is primarilyintended to regulate the rate of fuel consumption and heat output.3.2.13.1 DiscussionThere may be single, multiple, or automatic primary air controls.3.2.14
30、residual start-up fuel, nleftover fuel present in the firebox at the time the test fuel load is added during high fire testruns.E3053 1823.2.14.1 DiscussionMay include charcoal and partially burned or unburned kindling and/or start-up fuel.3.2.15 secondary combustion air control(s), nan air control
31、device(s) that regulates airflow to the wood heater that is primarilyintended to provide the additional oxygen needed to promote secondary combustion of the combustible materials released duringpyrolysis of the fuel.3.2.15.1 DiscussionThere may be single, multiple, or automatic secondary combustion
32、air controls.3.2.16 single burn rate heater, nwood heater without user-adjustable primary combustion air control(s).3.2.17 start-up fuel, nsplit cordwood pieces intended to provide residual fuel (charcoal or partially burned wood) for ignitionof the test fuel load. Applies to high fire test runs onl
33、y.3.2.18 test facility, nthe area in which the wood heater is installed, operated, and sampled for emissions and efficiency.3.2.19 test fuel load, na specified grouping of test fuel pieces.3.2.20 test fuel loading density, nthe weight of the as-fired test fuel load per unit volume of usable firebox,
34、 lb/ft3(kg/m3).3.2.21 test fuel pieces, nthe individual cordwood pieces that comprise the test fuel load.3.2.22 test fuel specific gravity, nthe nominal dry basis (oven dry weight and oven dry volume) specific gravity of test fuelload, kindling, and start-up fuel.3.2.23 test fuel sub-load, na divisi
35、on of the test fuel load for the sole purposes of specifying the test fuel pieces that comprisethe test fuel load.3.2.24 test run, nan individual emission/efficiency test.3.2.25 test series, na group of test runs on the same wood heater which includes at least one test run in each burn rate category
36、.3.2.26 usable firebox volume, nthe volume of the firebox determined using its height, length, and width as defined in thissection, ft3 (m3).3.2.27 wood heater, nan enclosed, wood burning appliance capable of, and intended for, space heating and/or domestic waterheating. This includes wood heaters d
37、esigned for installation in a fireplace cavity, that is, fireplace inserts, and wood heaters thatare built into a wall. Includes adjustable burn rate and single burn rate wood heaters.3.2.28 wood heater empty weight, nthe weight of the cleaned, dry wood heater with or without dry ash or sand addedco
38、nsistent with the manufacturers written instructions, lb (kg).4. Summary of Test Method84.1 This test method is used in conjunction with Test Method E2515. The wood heater under evaluation is fueled by cordwoodtest fuel loads. Test runs employ either a hot-to-hot cycle or a cold-to-hot cycle dependi
39、ng on the burn rate category of the testrun. The test fuel pieces must be within the allowable range of specific gravity. The test fuel load weight and composition isdetermined based on the usable firebox volume of the heater. For low and medium fire test runs, a charcoal bed is established byconduc
40、ting a full high fire test run. That high fire test run may be an actual test run or may be just for the purpose of establishingthe charcoal bed for a low or medium fire test run. The test fuel load is placed on the charcoal bed and given time to ignite beforethe air control(s) is (are) set to the t
41、est run condition.4.1.1 For the low and medium fire test runs, particulate emission sampling and efficiency measurements begin immediately priorto addition of the test fuel load to the firebox and end when the test run is terminated in accordance with the specifications in themethod.4.1.2 For the hi
42、gh fire test runs, the test run for the purposes of determining emission rate or emission factor begins with a cold(see 8.5.1) empty (see 8.2.1) firebox. Kindling (and crumpled newspaper, if specified) are used to ignite start-up fuel pieces which,in turn, are used to ignite the test fuel load follo
43、wing manufacturers written instructions. Particulate emission sampling beginsbefore the kindling is ignited and ends when the test run is terminated in accordance with the specifications in the method.4.1.3 For low fire, medium fire, and high fire test runs, efficiency is determined on a hot-to-hot
44、cycle and efficiency parametermeasurements begin when the test fuel load is added to the firebox and end when the test run is terminated in accordance with thespecifications in the method.8 This method supersedes Test Method E2780 Annex A1.E3053 1834.1.4 For low fire, medium fire, and high fire test
45、 runs, average burn rate is determined on a hot-to-hot basis and is based onthe weight of the portion of the test fuel load burned during the test run divided by the duration of the test run beginning whenthe test fuel load is added to the firebox and ending when the test run is terminated. Burn rat
46、e for all test runs is adjusted to a dryfuel weight basis.4.1.5 The total particulate emissions are determined over the test run duration. The particulate emissions rate is then determinedfrom the total particulate emissions divided by the duration of the test run and is reported in grams of particu
47、late per hour. Thetest run duration for the high fire test for purposes of determining particulate emission rate includes the kindling and start-up fuelperiod before the test fuel load is added to the firebox. The particulate emission factor lb/lb (g/kg) also may be determined fromthe total particul
48、ate emissions divided by the dry basis weight of the total fuel weight burned and is reported in pounds ofparticulate per dry pound of fuel (grams of particulate per dry kilogram of fuel). For high fire test runs, the total test fuel weightwhen determining emission factor includes any kindling and s
49、tart-up fuel consumed before the test fuel load is added less any fuelremaining at the end of the test run.4.1.6 This test method also may be used in conjunction with Annex A1 and CSA B415.1 for determining heat output andefficiency. If heat output and efficiency are determined, particulate emissions per unit of heat output also may be calculated andis reported in pounds of particulate per million Btu of heat output (grams of particulate per megajoule). For low and medium firetest runs, the efficiency, heat output, and partic
