1、Designation: E 2652 091An American National StandardStandard Test Method forBehavior of Materials in a Tube Furnace with a Cone-shapedAirflow Stabilizer, at 750C1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEFigure 3 was corrected editorially in October 2009.1. Scope1.1 This fire-t
3、est-response test method covers the determi-nation under specified laboratory conditions of combustioncharacteristics of building materials. It does not apply tolaminated or coated materials.1.2 This test method references notes and footnotes thatprovide explanatory information. These notes and foot
4、notes,excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered asrequirements of this test method.1.3 Limitations of the test method are discussed in 1.1 andAnnex A1.1.4 This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 1182.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The
5、values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-riskassessment of the m
6、aterials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica
7、-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CE 176 Terminology of Fire Standards2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 1182 Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products Non-combustibility TestIS
8、O 13943 Fire Safety VocabularyISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (trueness and precision) ofMeasured Methods and Results Part 2: Basic Method forthe Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility ofa Standard Measurement Method2.3 Other Standards:4IMO Fire Test Procedures Code3. Terminology3.1 Definitions
9、For definitions of terms found in this testmethod, refer to Terminology E 176 and ISO 13943. In case ofconflict, the definitions given in Terminology E 176 shallprevail.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 homogeneous product, na product with nominallyuniform density and composit
10、ion.3.2.2 non-homogeneous product, na product that does notsatisfy the requirements of a homogeneous product.3.2.2.1 DiscussionNon-homogeneous products are oftencomposed of more than one component.3.2.3 substantial component, na material that constitutesa significant part of a non-homogeneous produc
11、t that consistsof more than one component.3.2.3.1 DiscussionA layer with a weight/unit area largerthan 1.0 kg/m2(0.2 lb/ft2) or a thickness larger than 1 mm (0.04in.) is often considered to be a substantial component. A layerwith a weight per unit area smaller than 1.0 kg/m2(0.2 lb/ft2)and a thickne
12、ss less than 1 mm (0.04 in.) is not considered tobe a substantial component.3.2.4 sustained flaming (for testing at 750C), nsustainedflaming for testing at 750C (1382F) is the persistence of aflame on or over any part of the visible part of the test specimenlasting5sorlonger.1This test method is und
13、er the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.23 on Combustibil-ity.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009. Published August 2009.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at
14、serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from International Maritime
15、Origanization, 55 Victoria St., London,SWIH0EU, United Kingdom, http:/www.imo.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method uses a furnace to expose homogeneousproducts or substanti
16、al components of non homogeneousproducts for at least 30 min to a temperature of 750C(1382F).4.2 The furnace consists of an enclosed refractory tubesurrounded by a heating coil with a cone-shaped airflowstabilizer.4.3 Thermocouples are used to assess the temperature in-creases resulting from combust
17、ion of the product.4.4 Weight loss and flaming combustion of the product isalso assessed.5. Significance and Use5.1 While actual building fire exposure conditions are notduplicated, this test method will assist in indicating thosematerials which do not act to aid combustion or add appre-ciable heat
18、to an ambient fire.5.2 This test method does not apply to laminated or coatedmaterials.5.3 This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 1182.6. Test Apparatus6.1 General:6.1.1 The apparatus shall consist of a refractory tube furnaceinsulated and surrounded by a heating coil. A cone-shapedairflo
19、w stabilizer shall be attached to the base of the furnaceand a draft shield to its top. Details are shown in Fig. 1.6.1.2 Thermocouples shall be provided for measuring thefurnace temperature and the furnace wall temperature. Op-tional additional thermocouples shall be used if the specimensurface tem
20、perature and the specimen center temperature arerequired.6.1.3 A thermal sensor shall be used to measure the furnacetemperature along its central axis.6.1.4 Unless stated otherwise, all dimensions shall have a5 % tolerance.6.2 Test Furnace:6.2.1 The test furnace shall consist primarily of the follow
21、-ing.6.2.2 The furnace tube shall be constructed of a refractorymaterial, as specified in Table 1, of density 2800 6 300kg/m3(175 6 19 lb/ft3).6.2.3 The furnace shall be 150 6 1 mm (5.9 6 0.04 in.) highwith an internal diameter of 75 6 1 mm (2.9 6 0.04 in.) anda wall thickness of 10 6 1 mm (0.4 6 0.
22、04 in.).6.2.4 The furnace tube shall be surrounded by an annularspace of the following dimensions: 150 mm (5.9 6 0.04 in.)high and of 10 mm (0.4 6 0.04 in.) wall thickness.6.2.4.1 The annular space shall be fitted with top and bottomplates, recessed internally to locate the ends of the furnacetube.6
23、.2.4.2 The annular space shall be insulated with a 25 mm(1 in.) mm layer of an insulating material having a thermalconductivity of 0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K) (0.00077 6 0.00019BTU in./(s ft2F) at a mean temperature of 20C (68F).Magnesium oxide powder of a nominal bulk density of 170 630 kg/m3(10.6 6 1.9 lb
24、/ft3) is a suitable material for this use.6.2.5 The furnace tube shall be provided with a singlewinding of 80/20 nickel/chromium electrical resistance tape,3mm6 0.1 mm (0.12 6 4/1000 in.) wide and 0.2 6 0.01 mm(8/1000 6 0.4/1000 in.) thick.6.2.5.1 Wind the electrical resistance tape as specified inF
25、ig. 2.6.2.5.2 Cut grooves into the furnace tube so as to allowaccurate winding of the electrical tape.6.2.6 An open-ended cone-shaped air-flow stabilizer shallbe attached to the underside of the furnace.6.2.6.1 The air-flow stabilizer shall be 500 mm (19.7 in.)long and shall be reduced uniformly fro
26、m an internal diameterof 75 6 1mm (2.9 6 0.04 in.) at the top to an internal diameterof 10.0 6 0.5 mm (0.4 6 0.4 in.) at the bottom.6.2.6.2 The air flow stabilizer shall be manufactured from1 mm thick sheet steel, with a smooth finish on the inside. Thejoint between the air flow stabilizer and the f
27、urnace shall havean airtight fit, with an internal smooth finish.6.2.6.3 The upper half of the air flow stabilizer shall beinsulated with a 25 mm (1 in.) layer of an insulating materialhaving a thermal conductivity of 0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K)(0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft2F) at a mean temperatureof 20C
28、 (68F). Mineral fiber insulating material with anominal thermal conductivity of 0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K)(0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft2F) at a mean temperature of20C (68F) is a suitable material for this use.6.2.7 A draft shield, constructed of the same material as theair flow stabilizer, shall be prov
29、ided at the top of the furnace.It shall be 50 mm (2 in.) high and have an internal diameter of75 6 1 mm (2.9 6 0.04 in.)6.2.7.1 The draft shield and its joint with the top of thefurnace shall have smooth internal finish.6.2.7.2 The exterior shall be insulated with a 25 mm (1 in.)layer of an insulati
30、ng material having a thermal conductivity of0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K) (0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft2F)at a mean temperature of 20C (68F). Mineral fiber insulatingmaterial with a nominal thermal conductivity of 0.04 6 0.01W/(m K) (0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft2F) at a meantemperature of 20C (68F) is a
31、 suitable material for this use.6.2.8 The assembly, consisting of the furnace, air flowstabilizer cone and draft shield, shall be mounted on a firmhorizontal stand, with a base and draft screen attached to thestand, to reduce drafts around the bottom of the stabilizer cone.The draft screen shall be
32、550 mm (21.7 in.) high and thebottom of the air flow stabilizer cone shall be located 250 mm(9.8 in.) above the base plate.6.3 Test Specimen Holder and Insertion Device:6.3.1 The test specimen holder shall be made of nickel/chromium or of an alternate heat-resisting steel wire. A fineTABLE 1 Furnace
33、 Tube Refractory Material for ApparatusMaterialComposition% (kg/kg mass)Alumina (Al2O3) 89Silica and alumina (SiO2,Al2O3) 98Ferric oxide (Fe2O) 0,45Titanium dioxide (TiO2) 0,25Manganese oxide (Mn3O4) 0,1Other trace oxides (sodium, potassium,calcium and magnesium oxides)The balanceE26520912metal gauz
34、e tray of heat-resisting steel shall be placed in thebottom of the holder. The weight of the holder shall be 15 6 2g (0.53 6 0.07 oz).6.3.2 The test specimen holder shall be capable of beingsuspended from the lower end of a stainless steel tube with a 6mm (14 in.) outside diameter anda4mm(0.15 in.)
35、bore, asshown in Fig. 3.6.3.3 The test specimen holder shall be provided with asuitable insertion device for lowering it down the axis of thefurnace tube without shock, so that the geometric center of thespecimen during the test is located at the geometric center ofthe furnace, with a 63mm(618 in.)
36、tolerance. The insertiondevice shall consist of a metallic sliding rod moving freelywithin a vertical guide fitted to the side of the furnace.6.3.4 The test specimen holder for loose fill materials shallbe cylindrical and shall have the same inner dimensions as theouter dimensions of the test specim
37、en. It shall be made of finemetal wire gauze, constructed of heat resisting steel similar tothe wire gauze used at the bottom of the test specimen holderspecified in 6.3.1. The specimen holder shall have an open endat the top. The weight of the holder shall not exceed 30 g (1.06oz).6.4 Thermocouples
38、:6.4.1 Thermocouples shall have a wire diameter of 0.3 mm(0.01 in.) and an outer diameter of 1.5 mm (0.06 in.). The hotjunction shall be insulated and not earthed. The thermocouplesshall be of either type K or type N. The thermocoupleinsulating material shall be either stainless steel or a nickelbas
39、ed alloy.6.4.2 All new thermocouples shall be exposed to a Bunsenburner yellow flame for not less than 60 s before use.FIG. 1 Test ApparatusKey to numbers in Fig. 11 Stand 7 Heat resisting steel rod for insertion device 13 External insulating wall2 Insulation 8 Stop 14 Mineral fiber cement3 Magnesiu
40、m oxide powder 9 Specimen thermocouples (optional) 15 Seal4 Furnace tube 10 Stainless steel tube 16 Stabilizer cone5 Heating coils 11 Specimen holder 17 Draft screen (metal sheet)6 Draft shield 12 Furnace thermocoupleE26520913NOTE 1This will reduce thermocouple reflectivity.6.4.3 The furnace thermoc
41、ouple shall be located with its hotjunction 10.0 6 0.5 mm (0.4 6 0.04 in.) from the tube wall andat a height corresponding to the geometric center of the furnacetube. A locating guide is a useful tool to set the position of thethermocouple. The correct position shall be maintained withthe help of a
42、guide attached to the draft shield.6.4.4 In addition to the thermocouple for the measurementof the furnace temperature, a similar thermocouple shall beprovided for measuring the furnace wall temperature duringcalibration.6.4.5 If required, thermocouples shall also be provided formeasurement of the t
43、emperature in the geometric center of thespecimen and on the surface of the specimen.6.4.6 Optional Test Specimen Center ThermocoupleTheoptional test specimen center thermocouple shall be positionedso that its hot junction is located at the geometric center of thetest specimen. This shall be achieve
44、d by drillinga2mm(0.08in.) diameter hole axially in the top of the test specimen.6.4.7 Optional Test Specimen Surface ThermocoupleTheoptional test specimen surface thermocouple shall be posi-tioned so that its hot junction is in contact with the testspecimen at mid-height of the test specimen at the
45、 start of thetest. It shall be located diametrically opposite the furnacethermocouple.6.5 Thermal SensorThe thermal sensor shall be con-structed of a thermocouple of the type specified in 6.4, brazedto a copper cylinder 10.0 6 0.2 mm (0.4 6 0.001 in.) indiameter and 15.0 6 0.2 mm (0.6 6 0.001 in.) h
46、igh.6.6 MirrorTo facilitate observation of sustained flamingand for operator safety, it is advisable to provide a mirror abovethe apparatus, positioned so that it will not affect the test. AFIG. 2 Furnace Winding for Test ApparatusE26520914square mirror, 300 mm (11.8 in.) per side, at an angle of 30
47、 tothe horizontal, and placed 1 m (1.1 yd) above the furnace hasbeen found suitable.6.7 BalanceA balance with an accuracy of 0.01 g (0.004oz) is required.6.8 Voltage StabilizerA single-phase automatic voltagestabilizer, with a rating of not less than 1.5 kVA, shall beprovided. It shall be capable of
48、 maintaining the accuracy of theoutput voltage within 61 % of the rated value, from zero to fullload.FIG. 3 Specimen Holder for Solid SpecimensKey Dimensions in millimetres1 Stainless steel tube TcSpecimen centre thermocouple2 Aperture mesh 0,9 mm diameter of wire 0,4 mm TsSpecimen surface thermocou
49、pleNote use of Tcand Tsis optionalE265209156.9 Variable TransformerA voltage transformer capableof handling at least 1.5 kVA and of regulating the voltageoutput from zero to a maximum value equal to that of the inputvoltage shall be provided. The voltage output shall varylinearly over the range.6.10 Electrical Input MonitorAn ammeter and a voltme-ter or wattmeter, shall be provided to enable rapid setting of thefurnace to approximately the operating temperature.6.11 Power ControllerA power controller shall be pro-vided for
