1、Designation: E2322 03 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forConducting Transverse and Concentrated Load Tests onPanels used in Floor and Roof Construction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adop
2、tion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the following procedures fordetermining the stru
3、ctural properties of segments of floor androof constructions:SectionTest Specimens 5Loading 6Deformation Measurements 7Report 8Precision and Bias 9Testing FloorsTransverse Load 10Concentrated Load 11Testing RoofsTransverse Load 12Concentrated Load 131.2 This test method serves to evaluate the perfor
4、mance offloors and roofs panels subjected to (1) Uniform loading, and(2) Concentrated static loading, which represent conditionssustained in the actual performance of the element. Thestandard is not intended for the evaluation of individualstructural framing or supporting members (floor joist, rafte
5、rs,and trusses), or both.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes,excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered asrequirements of the standard.1.4 This standard is not intended to cover concrete floorsl
6、abs.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish
7、appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)E4 Practices for Force Verificati
8、on of Testing MachinesE72 Test Methods of Conducting Strength Tests of Panelsfor Building ConstructionE73 Practice for Static Load Testing of Truss AssembliesE196 Practice for Gravity Load Testing of Floors and LowSlope RoofsE455 Test Method for Static Load Testing of Framed Flooror Roof Diaphragm C
9、onstructions for BuildingsE575 Practice for Reporting Data from Structural Tests ofBuilding Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-sembliesE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE661 Test Method for Performance of Wood and Wood-Based Floor and Roof Sheathing Under ConcentratedStatic and Imp
10、act LoadsE695 Test Method of Measuring Relative Resistance ofWall, Floor, and Roof Construction to Impact LoadingE1592 Test Method for Structural Performance of SheetMetal Roof and Siding Systems by Uniform Static AirPressure Difference3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology E631 for defin
11、itionsof terms used in these test methods.4. Significance and Use4.1 Transverse LoadThe procedures outlined will serve toevaluate the performance of floor and roof segments fordeflection, permanent set and ultimate capacity. Performancecriteria based on data from these procedures can ensurestructura
12、l adequacy and effective service.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.11on Horizontal and Vertical Structures/Structural Performance of Completed Struc-tures.Current edition approved March 1,
13、 2015. Published March 2015. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2322 03 (2009).DOI: 10.1520/E2322-03R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volum
14、e information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 Concentrated LoadThis concentrated load test shallbe used to evaluate surface indentation of structural
15、 framingmembers.4.3 These procedures will serve to evaluate performance ofroof and floor segments under simulated service conditions.Diaphragm shear loading of roof and floor segments shall beevaluated under Test Method E455. Impact loading shall beevaluated under Test Methods E661 or E695.5. Test S
16、pecimens5.1 SpecimensThere shall be at least three replicate speci-mens for each test. Specimens shall be constructed to representsections of the floor, or roof assembly including the means ofthe attachment when the load direction is away from thesupports. The specimens shall be representative in wi
17、dth andlength as to the material and workmanship. The test specimenshall not be less than the width and length of the tributary loadarea under actual conditions. If the tributary load area for thetest specimen exceeds the test equipment, a reduced specimenthat is representative in proportional width
18、 and length shall betested. Unsymmetrical assemblies shall be tested in each axis.If the structural properties of a particular construction are to becompared with another construction, widths of the specimensshall be of comparable size.5.2 AgeConstructions, which include concrete and ma-sonry for wh
19、ich the structural properties depend upon the ageof the specimen, shall be aged not less than what is indicatedby the manufacturer or national standard, or both. The age ofthe specimen shall be recorded in the report.6. Loading6.1 ApparatusThe testing machine or load-measuring ap-paratus shall compl
20、y with the requirements prescribed inPractices E4.6.2 Application of LoadApply the load to each individualspecimen in increments so that a sufficient number of readingswill be obtained to determine definitely the load-deformationcurve (see 6.3) using the following sequence:6.2.1 Prior to testing, ap
21、ply a small initial load not greaterthan 5 % of the ultimate capacity load expected and hold for5 min (61 min) and then release. Zero all measuring devicesand begin the test.6.2.2 Record the initial load and deformation reading of thespecimen and then increase the load on the specimen to the firstpr
22、edetermined increment.6.2.3 Record the load and deformation reading and releasethe load back to the initial load and then record the set of thespecimen.6.2.4 Increase the load to the next predetermined incrementand record the information as indicated in the first loadincrement above. Follow this seq
23、uence of loading and readingfor all predetermined load increment(s).6.3 Duration of Load ApplicationAfter each increment ofload is applied, maintain the load level as constant as possiblefor a period of 5 min (see Note 1). Take deformation readingsas soon as practical after load application, at the
24、end of the5-min period under constant load, and immediately and at theend of the 5-min period after any partial or complete loadrelease. Plot initial and 5-min readings in the form of load-deformation curves. Maintain complete load-deformation timerecords throughout the test. If application of a giv
25、en load isrequired for a certain period, such as 24 h, take deformationreadings at the end of this period, to allow the satisfactoryplotting of a time-deformation curve for the complete period.NOTE 1Reason for the 5-min application of constant-level incrementloads are as follows:(1) To permit the as
26、sembly to come to a substantial rest prior to takingthe second set of readings. (Depending on the method employed forapplying the test load, it may be necessary to continue, at a reduced rate,the motion of the loading device in order to maintain the constant loadlevel during the 5-min period.)(2) To
27、 observe any time-dependent deformation or load redistribution,or both, and to record accurately the load level when time-dependentdeformation starts, that is, at the divergence of the immediate and delayedload-deformation curves. This load level may, under certain conditions,have an important beari
28、ng on the design load.(3) To be able to stop the test, if this should be desirable, prior to totalfailure, after initial failure has been anticipated as a result of theobservations.(4) To assure uniformity in test performance and consistency in testresults.7. Deformation Measurements7.1 Measure the
29、deformations with sufficient precision todefine the load-deformation relationship, and report at least tothe nearest 0.25 mm.8. Report8.1 Prepare the report in accordance with RecommendedPractice E575.9. Precision and Bias9.1 It is not possible to specify the precision of the proce-dure in this stan
30、dard for measuring these test methods becauseof the variety of materials and combinations of materialsinvolved.TESTING FLOORS10. Transverse LoadFloor10.1 Test Specimen(s)Test specimen(s) shall be con-structed in accordance with Section 5.10.2 ApparatusThe apparatus shall be capable of applyinga unif
31、orm load (such as air bag load or vacuum load), gravityload or two point load and shall conform to the requirementsprescribed in 10.2.1 through 10.2.3 or the equivalent.10.2.1 Uniform LoadUniformly distributed loading is asatisfactory test method. Uniformly distributed load shall beapplied by air pr
32、essure, either in a bag or in a vacuum chamber.10.2.1.1 The bag method of loading is schematically shownin Fig. 1. Connect a reaction platform parallel to the face to beloaded and wider than the specimen to the supports by tie rods.Place an airtight bag as wide as the specimen and as long as thespan
33、 between the specimen and the reaction platform. Applytransverse load to the specimen by increasing the air pressurein the bag. Measure the difference in pressure by means of amanometer or other pressure measuring device. The error ofE2322 03 (2015)2the pressure reading shall not exceed 1 % of the f
34、ull-scalereading. Deflection measurement shall be measured following10.4. See Fig. 1.10.2.1.2 When the vacuum chamber method of loading isused, place the specimen near the test frame to create anairtight vacuum chamber. An airtight frame or curb shallsurround the specimen closely and be flush with t
35、he uppersurface of the specimen. An air resistant blanket covers thespecimen, overlaps the frame, and is sealed so that it isreasonably airtight. Use a vacuum pump or positive actionexhaust blower to reduce air pressure between the specimenand floor/wall. Measure the difference in pressure by means
36、ofa manometer or other pressure measuring device. The error ofthe pressure reading shall not exceed 1 % of the full scalereading. Deflection measurement shall be conducted following10.4. See Fig. 2.10.2.2 Gravity LoadGravity load testing shall be con-ducted in accordance with Practice E196.10.2.3 Tw
37、o Point LoadThe two point (quarter-point) load-ing method is used for transverse load tests. Test the specimenas a simple beam (Fig. 3) on a span 150 mm less than thespecimen length. Apply two equal loads, each at a distance ofone-quarter of the span from the supports, toward the middle ofthe span.
38、For floor specimens tested horizontally (Fig. 1), theload on the specimen shall include the weight of the specimenbetween the supports. Apply the transverse loads to the upper(finish floor) face for three of the symmetrical specimens. Forasymmetrical assemblies, the bottom face for three of thespeci
39、mens must also be tested. Deflection measurements shallbe measured following 10.4. See Fig. 3.10.3 Loading ApplicationThe application of load is foundin 6.2. The application of load shall be compatible with the testapparatus indicated in 10.2.10.4 Deflection Measurement DeviceThe deflection mea-sure
40、ment device shall be compatible with the test apparatusindicated in 10.2. A frame shall be placed on the upper face ofthe specimen in a manner such that the frame shall not deformas the specimen deforms under load. Two deflection measuringdevices, one near each longitudinal edge of the specimen, sha
41、llbe attached to the frame at the mid span.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Uniformly Distributed Transverse Load (Bag Method)FIG. 2 Apparatus for Uniformly Distributed Transverse Load (Vacuum Bag)E2322 03 (2015)310.4.1 Method ADeflection Measuring Device Top ofPanelMid span deflection shall be measured on the
42、top of thepanel. The deflection measurement should be referenced to thepanel deflection at the end supports.10.4.2 Method BDeflection Measuring Device Bottom ofPanelMid span deflection shall be measured on the bottom ofthe panel. The deflection measurement should be referenced tothe panel deflection
43、 at the end supports.10.5 Calculations and Report:10.5.1 Load-Deflection DataFor each deflection measur-ing device, calculate the deflection under a given load as thedifference between the reading when the load is applied and theinitial reading. Calculate the deflection of the specimen for thespan a
44、s the average of the deflections obtained from each of themeasuring devices. Calculate the sets under the initial load byusing a similar method. Record the maximum load for eachspecimen.10.5.2 Data PresentationReport the results in the form ofa graph in accordance with Section 8.11. Concentrated Loa
45、dFloor11.1 Test SpecimensTests shall be made on each of thetransverse specimens after the transverse tests are completed.11.2 ApparatusThe apparatus shall be assembled asshown in Fig. 4 and shall conform to the requirements forcomponent parts prescribed in 11.2.1 through 11.2.3 or theequivalent.11.2
46、.1 Steel BarSteel bar having a diameter of 25.4 mmand the edge of the face contacting the specimen rounded to aradius of 1.3 mm. When testing for decking deflection, place a25.4 mm diameter flat disk between the steel load bar and thedecking surface.11.2.2 Depth GaugeThe depth gauge shall consist of
47、 ameasuring device that is capable of indicating displacement to0.025 mm and is mounted on a support. The support shall benotched to permit placing the measuring device directlyadjacent to the bar and shall be long enough to permit placingthe supporting elements on undisturbed areas of the face of t
48、hespecimen.11.2.3 Loading DeviceAny convenient means for apply-ing a compressive load up to 5 kN and means for measuring theload within 1 %. See Fig. 4.11.3 Procedure:11.3.1 LoadingPlace the entire specimen or portion of thespecimen on a horizontal support and level the specimen.Apply the loads on t
49、he face of the specimen. Place the steel baron the surface of the specimen at what is judged to be theweakest place and, also, at what is judged to be the strongestplace.Apply a load vertically downward to the upper surface ofthe bar. Continue loading until maximum load or 4.45 kN isattained on the steel bar. Application of load is found in 5.2.11.3.2 Depth of IndentationMeasure the depth ofindentation, by means of the depth gauge, and record thereading of the gauge to the nearest 0.025 mm.11.4 Calculations and Report:11.4.1 Depth of IndentationCa
