1、Designation: E2268 04 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forWater Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, andDoors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure Difference1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2268; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-tance of exte
3、rior windows, skylights, and doors to waterpenetration when water is applied to the outdoor face andexposed edges simultaneously with a rapid pulsed air pressureat the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.1.2 This test method is applicable to windows, skylights, ordoors alone. Th
4、ose interested in testing curtain walls to rapidpulsed air pressure differences should use AAMA 501.1-94.1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through amanufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly,but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may haveadverse effects on
5、the performance of contained materials suchas sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test methoddoes not address these issues.1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledgeof the principles of pressure measurement.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard
6、. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of t
7、his standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building Constructions2.2 AAMA Standard:3AAMA 501.1-94 Standard Test Method for ExteriorWindows, C
8、urtain Walls and Doors for Water PenetrationUsing Dynamic Pressure3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms relating tobuilding construction used in this test method, see TerminologyE631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 pulsed, vsubjected to a transition f
9、rom one level ofdifferential air pressure to another and back within a prescribedtime period.3.2.2 pulse generator, ntest apparatus capable of produc-ing rapid changes of air pressure between two prescribed levelswithin a specified time period (see Fig. 3).3.2.3 specimen, nthe entire assembled unit
10、submitted fortest as described in Section 8.3.2.4 test pressure difference, nthe specified difference indynamic air pressure across the closed and locked or fixedspecimen expressed as Pascals (lbf/ft2).3.2.5 water penetration, npenetration of water beyond aplane parallel to the glazing intersecting
11、the innermost projec-tion of the test specimen, not including interior trim andhardware, under the specified conditions of air pressure differ-ence across the specimen. For products with non-planar glaz-ing surfaces (domes, vaults, pyramids, and so forth) the planedefining water penetration is the p
12、lane defined by the innermostedges of the unit frame.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimeninto or against one face of a test chamber and supplying air toor exhausting air from the chamber at a rapid cyclic rate acrossthe specimen for the time specified,
13、while spraying water ontothe outdoor face of the specimen at the required rate andobserving any water penetration.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skyl
14、ights and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2016. Published August 2016. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2268 04(2011).DOI: 10.1520/E2268-04R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at
15、 serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA),1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550 Schaumburg, IL 60173-4268, http:/www.aamanet.org.Copyrig
16、ht ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determiningthe resistance to water penetration during rapid cyclic pulses ofdynamic air pressure differences. The air-pre
17、ssure differencesacting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factorsshould be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressuredifference to be used.5.2 The median test pressure used in this test method isdefined as the specified test pressure supplied by the user andrelated to the ma
18、ximum positive building design pressure. Thistest method departs from the format of other ASTM waterpenetration resistance test methods based on a maximum testpressure related to a maximum positive building design pres-sure.5.3 As the specified or median test pressure is increased, themaximum test p
19、ressure in this procedure is also increased to1.5 times the specification median test pressure. This highermaximum test pressure may not be representative of actualbuilding service conditions. For this reason the maximumrecommended median test pressure is 480 Pa (10 psf), whichcorresponds to a maxim
20、um test pressure of 720 Pa (15 psf).5.4 The pulsed pressure of this test method may act to pumpwater past dry seals and breather systems of units incorporatingthese features, thereby making the test method more severethan a static pressure test method. On the other hand, the lowpressure portions of
21、the pressure cycles of this test method mayallow weep systems and drainage dams to dissipate water fromunits incorporating these features, thereby making the testmethod less severe than a static pressure test method.NOTE 1In applying the results of tests by this test method, note thatthe performance
22、 of a wall or its components, or both, may be a functionof proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will alsodepend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance ofcomponents to deterioration by various causes, (vibration, thermal expan-sion and contraction,
23、 and so forth). It is difficult to accurately simulate theactual complex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, withlarge wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressureswith increasing wind velocity and lateral or upward moving air and water.Some designs are more sensi
24、tive than others to this upward moving water.NOTE 2This test does not identify unobservable liquid water whichmay penetrate into the test specimen.6. Apparatus6.1 The description of apparatus in this section is general innature and any arrangement of equipment capable of perform-ing the test procedu
25、re within the allowable tolerances ispermitted.6.2 Major Components (Fig. 1):6.2.1 Test ChamberA test chamber or box with anopening, a removable mounting panel, or one open side inwhich or against which the specimen is installed and sealed. Atleast one dynamic pressure tap shall be provided to measu
26、re theoscillating chamber pressure, and shall be so located that thereading is unaffected by the velocity of the air supply to orfrom the chamber. The air supply opening into the chambershall be arranged so that the air does not impinge directly onthe test specimen with any significant velocity. A m
27、eans ofaccess into the chamber may be provided to facilitate adjust-ments and observations after the specimen has been installed.6.2.2 Air SystemA controllable blower, compressed airsupply, exhaust system, or reversible blower designed toprovide the required maximum air pressure difference acrossthe
28、 specimen. The system must provide fully reversible airflowat rapidly oscillating pressures for the required test period.6.2.3 Pressure Measuring ApparatusA device to measurethe test pressure difference within a tolerance of 62% or65Pa(60.02 in. of water column), whichever is greater.6.2.4 Water Spr
29、ay SystemThe water-spray system shalldeliver water uniformly against the exterior surface of the testspecimen at a minimum rate of 3.4 L/(m2min) 5.0 U.S.gal/(ft2h).6.2.4.1 The water-spray system shall have nozzles spacedon a uniform grid, located at a uniform distance from the testspecimen, and shal
30、l be adjustable to provide the specifiedquantity of water in such a manner as to wet all of the testspecimen uniformly and to wet those areas vulnerable to waterpenetration. If additional nozzles are required to provideuniformity of water spray at the edge of the test specimen, theyshall be equally
31、spaced around the entire spray grid.7. Hazards7.1 WarningGlass breakage will not normally occur atthe small pressure differences applied in this test. Excessivepressure differences may occur, however, due to error inoperation or when the apparatus is used for other purposes suchas structural testing
32、; therefore, exercise adequate precautions toprotect personnel.8. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units8.1 Test specimens shall be of sufficient size to determinethe performance of all typical parts of the fenestration system.8.1.1 Conditions of structural support shall be simulated asaccurately
33、as possible.8.2 Window, skylight, door, or other component test speci-mens shall consist of the entire assembled unit, including frameand anchorage as supplied by the manufacturer for installationin the building.8.2.1 If only one specimen is to be tested, the selection shallbe determined by the spec
34、ifying authority.NOTE 3It should be recognized, especially with windows, thatperformance is likely to be a function of size and geometry. Therefore,select specimens covering the range of sizes to be used in a building. Ingeneral, the largest size of a particular design, type, construction, andconfig
35、uration to be used should be tested.9. Calibration and Standardization9.1 The ability of the test apparatus to meet the require-ments of 6.2.4 shall be checked by using a catch box, the openface of which shall be located at the position of the face of thetest specimen. The calibration device is illu
36、strated in Fig. 2.The catch box shall be designed to receive only waterimpinging on the plane of the test specimen face and to excludeall run-off water from above. The box shall be 610 mm (24 in.)square, divided into four areas each 305 mm (12 in.) square.Use a cover approximately 760 mm (30 in.) sq
37、uare to preventwater from entering the calibration box before and after thetimed observation interval. The water impinging on each areaE2268 04 (2016)2shall be captured separately. A spray that provides at least1.26 L min (20 gal/h) total for the four areas and not less than0.25 L min (4 gal/h) nor
38、more than 0.63 L/min (10 gal/h) inany one square shall be acceptable.9.1.1 The water-spray system shall be calibrated at bothupper corners and at the quarter point of the horizontal centerline (of the spray system). If a number of identical, contiguous,modular spray systems are used, only one module
39、 need becalibrated. The system shall be calibrated with the catch boxesat a distance within 50 mm (2 in.) of the test specimen locationfrom the nozzle. The reference point for location of the spraysystem from the specimen shall be measured from the exteriorglazing surface of the specimen farthest fr
40、om the spray systemnozzles. The water spray rack shall be installed parallel to theplane of the specimen. Recalibrate at intervals of not more than6 months.9.1.2 The device used to control pressure cycling shall becalibrated to apply pressure pulses in a modified sinusoidalpattern with a frequency o
41、f one complete cycle every 2 s,610 % (see Fig. 3).10. Information Required10.1 The median test-pressure difference or differences atwhich water penetration is to be determined, unless otherwisespecified, shall be 140 Pa (2.86 lbf/ft2) and the upper and lowertest pressure differences shall be equal t
42、o 650 % (150 % andNOTE 1For a negative pressure system, the water-spray grid would be located outside the chamber and the air supply would be replaced by anair-exhaust system.FIG. 1 General Arrangement of the Water Leakage Apparatus Positive Chamber SystemE2268 04 (2016)350 %, respectively) of the m
43、edian test pressure differenceunless otherwise specified.10.2 Unless otherwise specified, failure criteria of this testmethod shall be defined as water penetration in accordancewith 3.2.5. Failure also occurs whenever water penetratesthrough the perimeter frame of the test specimen. Watercontained w
44、ithin drained flashing, gutters, and sills is notconsidered failure.10.3 The periods of time during which the specimen is to besubjected to pressure difference(s) shall be specified.10.3.1 In no case shall there be fewer than three hundred testcycles.10.3.2 In no case shall the total time of pressur
45、e applicationbe less than 10 min.10.4 If this test method is to be used at other than ambienttemperatures, such temperature conditions shall be specified.FIG. 2 Catch Box for Calibrating Water-SprayNOTE 1The operational check is performed between the pre-load and the cycle test. The pre-load pressur
46、e shall be increased and decreased at a rateof 10 Pa/s (0.20 psf/s) 6 2 Pa/s (0.04 psf/s). The rate of pressure application during cycling shall be consistent with maintenance ofa2spulse duration.The median pressure value is the test pressure differential. The upper and lower limit values are equal
47、to 150 % and 50 %, respectively, of the mediantest pressure differential across the specimen.FIG. 3 Pressure Application for Pre-load and Pressure CyclesE2268 04 (2016)411. Procedure11.1 Remove any sealing material or construction that is notnormally a part of the assembly as installed in or on a bu
48、ilding.Fit the specimen into or against the chamber opening with theoutdoor side of the specimen facing both the high pressure sideof the chamber and the water spray, and in such a manner thatno joints or openings are obstructed. Skylight specimens shallbe tested at the minimum angle from the horizo
49、ntal for whichthey are designed to be installed. Seal the outer perimeter of thespecimen to the chamber and seal at no other points.NOTE 4Non-hardening mastic compounds or pressure-sensitive tapecan be used effectively to seal the test specimen to the chamber opening,to seal the access door to the chamber, and to achieve air-tightness in theconstruction of the chamber. These materials can be used to seal a separatemounting panel to the chamber. Rubber gaskets with clamping devicesmay also be used for this purpose provided that the gasket is highlyflexible
