欢迎来到麦多课文档分享! | 帮助中心 海量文档,免费浏览,给你所需,享你所想!
麦多课文档分享
全部分类
  • 标准规范>
  • 教学课件>
  • 考试资料>
  • 办公文档>
  • 学术论文>
  • 行业资料>
  • 易语言源码>
  • ImageVerifierCode 换一换
    首页 麦多课文档分享 > 资源分类 > PDF文档下载
    分享到微信 分享到微博 分享到QQ空间

    ASTM E2214-2008e1 Standard Practice for Specifying and Verifying the Performance of Color-Measuring Instruments《说明和鉴定颜色测定仪性能的标准实施规程》.pdf

    • 资源ID:530577       资源大小:223.22KB        全文页数:10页
    • 资源格式: PDF        下载积分:5000积分
    快捷下载 游客一键下载
    账号登录下载
    微信登录下载
    二维码
    微信扫一扫登录
    下载资源需要5000积分(如需开发票,请勿充值!)
    邮箱/手机:
    温馨提示:
    如需开发票,请勿充值!快捷下载时,用户名和密码都是您填写的邮箱或者手机号,方便查询和重复下载(系统自动生成)。
    如需开发票,请勿充值!如填写123,账号就是123,密码也是123。
    支付方式: 支付宝扫码支付    微信扫码支付   
    验证码:   换一换

    加入VIP,交流精品资源
     
    账号:
    密码:
    验证码:   换一换
      忘记密码?
        
    友情提示
    2、PDF文件下载后,可能会被浏览器默认打开,此种情况可以点击浏览器菜单,保存网页到桌面,就可以正常下载了。
    3、本站不支持迅雷下载,请使用电脑自带的IE浏览器,或者360浏览器、谷歌浏览器下载即可。
    4、本站资源下载后的文档和图纸-无水印,预览文档经过压缩,下载后原文更清晰。
    5、试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓。

    ASTM E2214-2008e1 Standard Practice for Specifying and Verifying the Performance of Color-Measuring Instruments《说明和鉴定颜色测定仪性能的标准实施规程》.pdf

    1、Designation: E2214 081Standard Practice forSpecifying and Verifying the Performance of Color-Measuring Instruments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year

    2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe equation in paragraph A1.4.3 was corrected editorially in March 2010.INTRODUCTIONRecent advances in optics, electronic

    3、s and documentary standard have resulted in a proliferation ofinstruments for the measurement of color and appearance of materials and objects. These instrumentspossess very good performance but there has been little progress toward standardizing the terminologyand procedures to quantify that perfor

    4、mance. Therefore, the commercial literature and even somedocumentary standards are a mass of confusing terms, numbers and specifications that are impossibleto compare or interpret.Two recent papers in the literature, have proposed terms and procedures to standardize thespecification, comparison and

    5、verification of the level of performance of a color-measuringinstrument.2,3Following those procedures, those specifications can be compared to product tolerances.This becomes important so that instrument users and instrument makers can agree on how to compareor verify, or both, that their instrument

    6、s are performing in the field as they were designed and testedin the factory.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides standard terms and proceduresfor describing and characterizing the performance of spectraland filter based instruments designed to measure and computethe colorimetric properties of materia

    7、ls and objects. It does notset the specifications but rather gives the format and process bywhich specifications can be determined, communicated andverified.1.2 This practice does not describe methods that are gener-ally applicable to visible-range spectroscopic instruments usedfor analytical chemis

    8、try (UV-VIS spectrophotometers). ASTMCommittee E13 on Molecular Spectroscopy and Chromatog-raphy includes such procedures in standards under their juris-diction.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the us

    9、er of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoord

    10、inatesE284 Terminology of AppearanceE1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data forObject-Color Evaluation2.2 Other Documents:ISO VIM International Vocabulary of Basic and GeneralTerms in Metrology (VIM)51This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color andAppearance and is

    11、 the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color andAppearance Analysis.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E2214 - 02. DOI:10.1520/E2214-08E01.2Ladson, J., “Colorimetric Data Comparison of Ben

    12、ch-Top and PortableInstruments,” AIC Interim Meeting, Colorimetry, Berlin, 1995.3Rich, D., “Standardized Terminology and Procedures for Specifying andVerifying the Performance of Spectrocolorimeters,” AIC Color 97 Kyoto, Kyoto,1997.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org

    13、, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5ISO/IDE/OIML/BIPM, International Vocabulary of Basic and General Termsin Metrology, International Organization for Standardizati

    14、on, Geneva, Switzerland,1984.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NIST Technical Note 1297 Guidelines for Evaluating andExpressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Re-sults63. Terminology3.1 Definitions of appearance te

    15、rms in Terminology E284are applicable to this practice.3.2 Definitions of metrology terms in ISO, InternationalVocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology (VIM)are applicable to this practice.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 colorimetric spectrometer, nspectrometer, on

    16、e com-ponent of which is a dispersive element (such as a prism,grating or interference filter or wedge or tunable or discreteseries of monochromatic sources), that is normally capable ofproducing as output colorimetric data (such as tristimulusvalues and derived color coordinates or indices of appea

    17、ranceattributes) as well as the underlying spectral data from whichthe colorimetric data are derived.3.3.1.1 DiscussionAt one time, UV-VIS analytical spec-trophotometers were used for colorimetric measurements. To-day, while instruments intended for use in color measurementsshare many common compone

    18、nts with UV-VIS analyticalspectrometers, there are two distinct classes of instruments.UV-VIS analytical spectrometers are designed to optimize theiruse in chemometric quantitative analysis, which requires veryprecise spectral position and very narrow spectral windows andmoderate baseline stability.

    19、 Colorimetric spectrometers aredesigned to optimize their use as simulations of the visualcolorimeter or as the source of spectral and colorimetricinformation for computer-assisted color matching systems.They allow more tolerance on the spectral scale and spectralwindow width but demand much more st

    20、ability in the radio-metric scale.3.3.2 inter-instrument agreement, na form of reproduc-ibility in which two or more instruments from the samemanufacturer and model are compared.3.3.3 inter-model agreement, na form of reproducibilityin which the measurements of two or more instruments fromdifferent

    21、manufacturers or of different but equivalent design arecompared.3.3.3.1 DiscussionModern instruments have such highprecision that small differences in geometric and spectraldesign can result in significant differences in the performanceof two instruments. This can occur even though both instru-ments

    22、 exhibit design and performance bias which are wellwithin the expected combined uncertainty of the instrumentand within the requirements of any international standard.3.3.4 mean color difference from the mean, MCDM, nameasure of expectation value of the performance of a color-measuring instrument.3.

    23、3.4.1 DiscussionMCDM calculates the average colordifference between a set of readings and the average of that setof readings. MCDM = average(DEi(average(Lab)Labi), fori =1toN readings. Any standard color difference or colortolerance equation can be used as long as the report clearlyidentifies the eq

    24、uation being used (see Practice D2244).4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice defines standardized terms for the mostcommon instrument measurement performance parameters(repeatability, reproducibility, inter-instrument agreement,inter-model instrument agreement, accuracy) and describes aset of meas

    25、urements and artifacts, with which both the produc-ers and users of color-measuring instruments verify or certifythe specification and performance of color-measuring instru-ments. Following this practice can improve communicationsbetween instrument manufacturers and instrument users andbetween suppl

    26、iers and purchasers of colored materials.5. Significance and Use5.1 In todays commerce, instrument makers and instrumentusers must deal with a large array of bench-top and portablecolor-measuring instruments, many with different geometricand spectral characteristics.At the same time, manufacturers o

    27、fcolored goods are adopting quality management systems thatrequire periodic verification of the performance of the instru-ments that are critical to the quality of the final product. Thetechnology involved in optics and electro-optics has progressedgreatly over the last decade. The result has been a

    28、 generation ofinstruments that are both more affordable and higher inperformance. What had been a tool for the research laboratoryis now available to the retail point of sale, to manufacturing, todesign and to corporate communications. New documentarystandards have been published that encourage the

    29、use ofcolorimeters, spectrocolorimeters, and colorimetric spetrom-eters in applications previously dominated by visual expertiseor by filter densitometers.7Therefore, it is necessary todetermine if an instrument is suitable to the application and toverify that an instrument or instruments are workin

    30、g within therequired operating parameters.5.2 This practice provides descriptions of some commoninstrumental parameters that relate to the way an instrumentwill contribute to the quality and consistency of the productionof colored goods. It also describes some of the materialstandards required to as

    31、sess the performance of a color-measuring instrument and suggests some tests and test reportsto aid in verifying the performance of the instrument relative toits intended application.6. Instrument Performance Parameters6.1 Repeatability is generally the most important specifica-tion in a color-measu

    32、ring instrument. Colorimetry is primarilya relative or differential measurement, not an absolute mea-surement. In colorimetry, there is always a standard and a trialspecimen. The standard may be a real physical specimen or itmay be a set of theoretical target values. The trial is usuallysimilar to t

    33、he standard in both appearance and spectral nature.Thus, industrial colorimetry is generally a test of how well the6Taylor, Barry N., and Kuyatt, Chris E., Guidelines for Evaluating andExpressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results, NIST Technical Note1297, U. S. Government Printing Office,

    34、Washington, D. C., 1984.7ISO 13655 Spectral Measurement and Colorimetric Computation for GraphicArts Images, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.E2214 0812instrument repeats its readings of the same or nearly the samespecimen over a period of minutes, hours, days, and

    35、 weeks.6.1.1 The ISO VIM defines repeatability as a measure of therandom error of a reading and assumes that the sample standarddeviation is an estimate of repeatability. Repeatability is furtherdefined as the standard deviation of a set of measurementstaken over a specified time period by a single

    36、operator, on asingle instrument with a single specimen. This definition issimilar to that in Terminology E284, except that the ISOexplicitly defines the metric of “closeness of agreement” as thesample standard deviation. Since color is a multidimensionalproperty of a material, repeatability should b

    37、e reported in termsof the multidimensional variancecovariance matrix.6.1.2 The time period over which the readings are collectedmust be specified and is often qualitatively described as“short,” “ medium,” or “long.” The definitions of these timeframes do not overlap. This is intentional, providing c

    38、learlydefined milestones in the temporal stability of test results.6.1.2.1 For the purposes of colorimetry, “short” is normallythe time required to collect a set of 30 readings, taken as fastas the instrument will allow. The actual time will vary as afunction of lamp and power supply characteristics

    39、 but shouldbe less than one hour.6.1.2.2 “Medium” term is normally defined as, at least theperiod of one work shift (8 h) but less than three work shifts(one day).6.1.2.3 “Long” term is open ended but is often described asany set readings taken over a period of at least 4 to 8 weeks.The longest know

    40、n reported study described readings takenover a period of 314 years.86.2 Reproducibility is the second most important specifica-tion in a color-measuring instrument. According to Terminol-ogy E284, reproducibility is a form of repeatability in whichone or more of the measurement parameters have been

    41、systematically changed. Thus the sample is different, theprocedures or instrument are different, or the time frame is verylong. The increase of disorder over a very long time changesthe instrument systematically and the set of readings reallycompares a “young” instrument with an “old” instrument.6.2

    42、.1 The ISO VIM defines reproducibility as a type ofrepeatability in which either the time frame is very long, inwhich the operator changes, the instrument changes, or themeasurement conditions change. ISO again recommends esti-mating this with a standard deviation. Reproducibility isfurther defined

    43、as the standard deviation of a set of measure-ments taken over a specified period of time by a singleoperator, on a single instrument with a single specimen. Thisdefinition is similar to that in Terminology E284, except thatthe ISO again, explicitly defines the metric of “closeness ofagreement” as t

    44、he sample standard deviation. Again, sincecolor is a multidimensional property of a material, reproduc-ibility should be reported in terms of the multidimensionalvariancecovariance matrix.6.2.2 The time period over which the readings are collectedmust be specified. For the purposes of colorimetry, “

    45、long” termrepeatability is the most common and important type ofreproducibility. Repeatability and reproducibility have tradi-tionally been evaluated in colorimetry by comparing the colordifferences of a set of readings to a single reading or to theaverage of the set of readings.6.3 Inter-Instrument

    46、 Agreement, as defined in 3.3.2, de-scribes the reproducibility between two or more instruments, ofidentical design. The ISO has no definition or description ofsuch a concept. This is because in most test results, a methodor instrument dependent bias can be assessed. In this situation,such a test me

    47、asures the consistency of the design andmanufacturing process. Within the technical description of thestandard geometric and spectral parameters for the measure-ment of diffuse reflectance factor and color, a significantamount of latitude exists. This latitude results in a randomamount of bias. For

    48、a given design, a manufacturer may reducethe random bias, often to a level less than the stability ofreference materials. The most common form of test forinter-model instrument agreement is pairwise color differenceassessment of a series of specimens. Various parameters arereported in the literature

    49、 including the average color difference,the maximum color difference, the typical color difference, theRMS color difference or the MCDM mean color differencefrom the mean, taking the average of all instruments as thestandard and the other as the test instrument. Using pairs ofinstruments and materials one can derive a multivariate confi-dence interval against the value 0.0 difference and then testindividual components to determine which attribute (lightness,chroma, hue) are the significant contributors to the differencesbetween instruments. If a group of instruments a


    注意事项

    本文(ASTM E2214-2008e1 Standard Practice for Specifying and Verifying the Performance of Color-Measuring Instruments《说明和鉴定颜色测定仪性能的标准实施规程》.pdf)为本站会员(王申宇)主动上传,麦多课文档分享仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知麦多课文档分享(点击联系客服),我们立即给予删除!




    关于我们 - 网站声明 - 网站地图 - 资源地图 - 友情链接 - 网站客服 - 联系我们

    copyright@ 2008-2019 麦多课文库(www.mydoc123.com)网站版权所有
    备案/许可证编号:苏ICP备17064731号-1 

    收起
    展开