1、Designation:E212111 Designation: E2121 12Standard Practice forInstalling Radon Mitigation Systems in Existing Low-RiseResidential Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2121; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes methods for reducing radon entry into existing attached and detach
3、ed residential buildings threestories or less in height. This practice is intended for use by trained, certified or licensed, or both, or otherwise qualified individuals.1.2 These methods are based on radon mitigation techniques that have been effective in reducing radon levels in a wide rangeof res
4、idential buildings and soil conditions. These fan powered mitigation methods are listed in Appendix X1. More detailedinformation is contained in references cited throughout this practice.1.3 This practice is intended to provide radon mitigation contractors with a uniform set of practices that will e
5、nsure a highdegree of safety and the likelihood of success in retrofitting low rise residential buildings with radon mitigation systems.1.4 The methods described in this practice apply to currently occupied or formerly occupied residential buildings, includingbuildings converted or being converted t
6、o residential use, as well as residential buildings changed or being changed by addition(s)or alteration(s), or both. The radon reduction activities performed on new dwellings, while under construction, before occupancy,and for up to one year after occupancy, are covered by Guide E1465.1.5 This prac
7、tice also is intended as a model set of practices, which can be adopted or modified by state and local jurisdictions,to fulfill objectives of their specific radon contractor certification or licensure programs. Radon mitigation performed in accordancewith this practice is considered ordinary repair.
8、1.6 The methods addressed in this practice include the following categories of contractor activity: general practices, buildinginvestigation, systems design, systems installation, materials, monitors and labeling, post-mitigation testing, and documentation.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units a
9、re to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsib
10、ilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. See Section 6 for specific safety hazards.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE1465 Practice
11、for Radon Control Options for the Design and Construction of New Low-Rise Residential BuildingsE1745 Specification for Plastic Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Soil or Granular Fill under Concrete Slabs2.2 Government Publications:EPA “Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Reauthorization Act,”
12、regulation 40 CFR Part 763, Subpart E.3EPA “A Citizens Guide to Radon (Second Edition),” EPA 402-K92-001, May 1992.3EPA “Consumers Guide to Radon Reduction,” EPA 402-K92-003, August 1992.3EPA “Handbook, Sub-Slab Depressurization for Low-Permeability Fill Material,” EPA/625/6-91/029, July 1991.3EPA “
13、Home Buyers and Sellers Guide,” EPA 402K-00008, July 2000.3EPA “National Emission Standard for Asbestos,” 40 CFR 61, Subpart M.3EPA “ Radon Mitigation Standards,” EPA 402-R-93-078, April 1994.31This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direc
14、t responsibility of Subcommittee E06.41 on Air Leakageand Ventilation Performance.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E212109. DOI:10.1520/E2121-11.Current edition approved April 15, 2012. Published Ma
15、y 2012. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2121 11. DOI:10.1520/E2121-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the s
16、tandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Ariel Rios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, http:/www.epa.gov.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM sta
17、ndard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by AS
18、TM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.EPA “Radon Reduction Techniques for Existing Detached Houses, Technical Guidance (Second Edition),” EPA/625/587/019,revised January 1988.3EPA
19、 “Radon Reduction Techniques for Existing Detached Houses, Technical Guidance (Third Edition) for Active SoilDepressurization Systems,” EPA/625/R-93-011, October 1993.3NCRP “Measurement of Radon and Radon Daughters in Air,” NCRP Report No. 97, 1988.4NIOSH “Guide to Industrial Respiratory Protection,
20、” NIOSH Publication No. 87116.5OSHA “Asbestos Standard for the Construction Industry” 29 CFR 1926.1102.6OSHA “Hazard Communication Standard for the Construction Industry,” 29 CFR 1926.59.6OSHA “Occupational Safety and Health Regulations, Ionizing Radiation,” 29 CFR 1910.96.6OSHA “Respiratory Protect
21、ion Standard,” 29 CFR 1920.134, 1998.6OSHA “Safety and Health Regulations for Construction, Ionizing Radiation,” 29 CFR 1926.53.63. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms used in this practice are defined in accordance with Terminology E631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
22、3.2.1 active soil depressurization (ASD), na family of radon mitigation systems involving mechanically-driven soildepressurization, including sub-slab depressurization (SSD), sump pit depressurization (SPD), drain tile depressurization (DTD),hollow block wall depressurization (BWD), and sub-membrane
23、 depressurization (SMD) (see Appendix X2).3.2.2 backdrafting, na condition where the normal movement of combustion products up a flue (due to the buoyancy of thehot flue gases), is reversed, so that the combustion products enter the building (see pressure-induced spillage).3.2.3 communication test,
24、na diagnostic test to evaluate the potential effectiveness of a sub-slab depressurization system byapplying a vacuum beneath the slab and measuring, either with a micromanometer or with a heatless smoke device, the extensionof the vacuum field. Also called pressure-field extension test.3.2.4 contrac
25、tor, nfor the purposes of this practice, a contractor is one who contracts to performs radon reduction activitiesor is an employee of one who contracts to perform or performs radon reduction activities, with the expectation that payment willbe received for the work performed. A person who does radon
26、 reduction activities as an employee of a building owner is also acontractor for purposes of this standard practice. Persons whose normal activity is not radon reduction, but who do work relatedto radon reduction like indoor air quality consultants, radon consultants, plumbers, building contractors,
27、 or employees of thesepersons are all viewed as contractors when performing radon reduction activities covered by this practice.3.2.5 crawlspace depressurization (CSD) (active), na radon mitigation technique designed to achieve lower air pressure in thecrawlspace than in the rooms bordering and abov
28、e the crawlspace. A radon fan, draws air from the crawl space and exhausts thatair outside the building. Crawlspace depressurization (CSD) is intended to mitigate rooms bordering and above the crawlspace butnot the crawlspace itself. All CSD systems, for purposes of this practice, are active.3.2.6 d
29、epressurization, na negative pressure induced in one area relative to another.3.2.7 diagnostic tests, nprocedures used to identify or characterize conditions under, beside and within buildings that maycontribute to radon entry or elevated radon levels or that may provide information regarding the pe
30、rformance of a mitigationsystem.3.2.8 drain tile depressurization (DTD) (active), na type of active soil depressurization radon mitigation system where thesuction point piping attaches to a drain tile or is located in gas-permeable material near the drain tile. The drain tile or perimeterdrain may b
31、e inside or outside the footings of the building.3.2.9 hollow wall depressurization (BWD) (active), na radon mitigation technique that depressurizes the void space withina foundation wall (usually a block wall). A radon fan installed in the radon system piping draws air from within the wall.3.2.10 m
32、anifold piping, nthis piping collects the flow of soil-gas from two or more suction points and delivers that collectedsoil-gas to the vent stack piping. In the case of a single suction point system, there is no manifold piping since the suction pointpiping connects directly to the vent stack piping.
33、 The manifold piping starts where it connects to the suction point piping and endswhere it connects to the vent stack piping.3.2.11 mechanically-ventilated crawlspace system, na radon-control technique designed to increase ventilation within acrawlspace by use of a fan.3.2.12 mitigation system, nany
34、 system or steps designed to reduce radon concentrations in the indoor air of a building.3.2.13 natural draft combustion appliance, nany fuel burning appliance that relies on natural convective flow to exhaustcombustion products through flues to outside air.3.2.14 occupiable spaces, nfor purposes of
35、 this practice, are areas of buildings where human beings spend or could spendtime, on a regular or occasional basis.4Available from the National Commission on Radiation Protection and Measurement, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 400, Bethesda, MD 20814, http:/www.ncrponline.org.5Available from Centers
36、for Disease Control soil-gas is collected at one end ofthe vent stack piping and is discharged from the building at the other end. In active soil depressurization systems, the radon fanis installed in the vent stack piping.3.2.27 ventilation, nthe process of introducing outdoor air into a building.3
37、.2.28 working level (WL), na unit of radon decay product exposure. Numerically, any combination of short-lived radon decayproducts in one litre of air that will result in the ultimate emission of 130 000 MeV of potential alpha energy. This number waschosen because it is approximately the total alpha
38、 energy released from the short lived decay products in equilibrium with 100 pCiof Rn-222.3.2.29 working level month (WLM), na unit of exposure used to express the integrated human exposure to radon decayproducts. It is calculated by multiplying the average working level to which a person has been e
39、xposed by the number of hoursexposed and dividing the product by 170.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes methods for mitigating elevated levels of radon in existing attached and detached residentialbuildings three stories or less in height.4.2 The mitigation process is described in ter
40、ms of the categories of activity associated with radon mitigation and includes:general practices, building investigation, systems design, systems installation, materials, monitors and labeling, post-mitigationtesting, and contracts and documentation.4.3 The systems installation category contains sub
41、sections describing the specific requirements applicable to each of thecomponents of radon mitigation systems, for example, radon system piping, radon fans, sealing, electrical, etc.5. Significance and Use5.1 The purpose of the methods, systems, and designs described in this practice is to reduce ra
42、diation exposures for occupantsof residential buildings caused by radon and its progeny. The goal of mitigation is to maintain reduced radon concentrations inoccupiable areas of buildings at levels as low as reasonably achievable. This practice includes sections on reducing radiationexposure caused
43、by radon and its progeny for workers who install and repair radon mitigation systems. The goal for workers isto reduce exposures to radon and its progeny to levels as low as reasonably achievable.5.2 The methods, systems, designs, and materials described here have been shown to have a high probabili
44、ty of success inmitigating radon in attached and detached residential buildings, three stories or less in height (see EPA, “Radon ReductionTechniques for Existing Detached Houses, Technical Guidance (Third Edition) for Active Soil Depressurization Systems”).Application of these methods does not, how
45、ever, guarantee reduction of radon levels below any specific level, since performanceE2121 123will vary with site conditions, construction characteristics, weather, and building operation.5.3 When applying this practice, contractors also shall conform to all applicable local, state, and federal regu
46、lations, and lawspertaining to residential building construction, remodeling, and improvement.6. Safety Hazards6.1 Contractors shall comply with all OSHA, state and local standards or regulations relating to worker safety and occupationalradon exposure. Applicable references in the Code of Federal R
47、egulations include those in 2.2. Contractors also shall followoccupational radon guidance in 2.2.6.2 In addition to OSHA standards and NIOSH recommendations, the following requirements specifically applicable to thesafety and protection of radon mitigation workers shall be met:6.2.1 The contractor s
48、hall advise workers of the hazards of exposure to radon and the importance of protective measures whenworking in areas of elevated radon concentrations. In addition, the contractor shall advise employees of other potential hazardsaccording to the hazard communication standard for the construction in
49、dustry (see OSHA, “Hazard Communication Standard forthe Construction Industry”).6.2.2 The contractor shall ensure that appropriate safety equipment, such as ventilators, respirators, hard hats, face shields, andear plugs, are available on the job site during mitigation activities.6.2.3 Work areas shall be ventilated to reduce worker exposure to radon, dust, or other airborne pollutants.6.2.4 Consistent with OSHA permissible exposure limits, contractors shall ensure that employees are exposed to no more thanfour working level months (WLM) over a 12-month p
