1、Designation: E 1777 96 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Guide forPrioritization of Data Needs for Pavement Management1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1777; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide identifies data needs for pavement manage-ment systems. It also addresses the relative importance ofvariou
3、s types of pavement data.1.2 This guide was developed for use by federal, state, andlocal agencies, as well as consultants who provide services tothose agencies.1.3 This guide describes a process and provides a set ofrecommendations that any agency may use to develop a planfor acquiring pavement man
4、agement data. Any individualagency may justifiably assign higher or lower priority tospecified data items depending on their needs and policy.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
5、 to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 3319 Practice for Accelerated Polishing of AggregatesUsing the British Wheel2D 4123 Test Method for Indirect Tension Test for Res
6、ilientModulus of Bituminous Mixtures2D 4602 Guide for Nondestructive Testing of PavementsUsing Cyclic Loading Dynamic Deflection Equipment2D 4694 Test Method for Deflection With a Falling-Weight-Type Impulse Load Device2D 4695 Guide for General Pavement Deflection Measure-ments2D 4748 Test Method fo
7、r Determining the Thickness ofBound Pavement Layers Using Short-Pulse Radar2D 5340 Test Method for Airport Pavement Condition IndexSurveys2E 274 Test Method for Skid Resistance of Paved SurfacesUsing a Full-Scale Tire2E 303 Test Method of Measuring Surface Frictional Prop-erties Using the British Pe
8、ndulum Tester2E 445 Test Method for Stopping Distance on Paved Sur-faces Using a Passenger Automobile Equipped With Full-Scale Tires2E 501 Specification for Standard Tire for Pavement Skid-Resistance Tests2E 503 Test Methods for Measurement of Skid Resistance onPaved Surfaces Using a Passenger Vehic
9、le Diagonal Brak-ing Technique2E 524 Specification for Standard Smooth Tire for PavementSkid-Resistance Tests2E 556 Test Method for Calibrating a Wheel Force or TorqueTransducer Using a Calibration Platform (User Level)2E 660 Practice for Accelerated Polishing of Aggregates orPavement Surfaces Using
10、 a Small-Wheel, Circular TrackPolishing Machine2E 670 Test Method for Side Force Friction on Paved Sur-faces Using the Mu-Meter2E 770 Test Method for Classifying Pavement Surface Tex-tures2E 867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems2E 950 Test Method for Measuring the Longitudinal Profile
11、of Traveled Surfaces With an Accelerometer EstablishedInertial Profiling Reference2E 965 Test Method for Measuring Pavement MacrotextureDepth Using a Volumetric Technique2E 1082 Test Method for Measurement of Vehicular Re-sponse to Traveled Surface Roughness2E 1166 Guide for Network-Level Pavement M
12、anagement2E 1170 Practice for Simulating Vehicular Response to Lon-gitudinal Profiles of Traveled Surfaces2E 1215 Specification for Trailers Used for Measuring Ve-hicle Response to Road Roughness2E 1274 Test Method for Measuring Pavement RoughnessUsing a Profilograph22.2 Other Publications:Guideline
13、s on Pavement Management, AASHTO (1990)3AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures,AASHTO (1986)3FHWA Pavement Policy for Highways, Federal Register, Vol1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E17 on Vehicle-Pavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E17.41
14、 onPavement Management.Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published February 2003. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as E 177796.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.3Available from the American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials, 444
15、N. Capitol St. NW, Washington, DC 20001.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.54, No. 8 pp. 135358 (Jan. 13, 1989)4Pavement Management Practices, NCHRP Synthesis135 (1987)5Guidelines and Procedures for Maintenance of Airpor
16、tPavements, FAA Circular 150-5320-663. Significance and Use3.1 A key objective of all pavement-management systems(PMS) is to provide a factual basis for improving the quality ofdecision making regarding the budgeting, design, program-ming, construction, maintenance and operation of a pavementnetwork
17、. Quality decision making requires a current inventoryof the pavement system, evaluation of the present conditionand use of the pavement system, estimation of future condition,and the implications of any changes in condition.3.2 This guide may be used to identify data needs forpavement management by
18、 considering the use, generic type,and relative importance of the pavement. It can also assist inidentifying methods for obtaining the data.3.3 Any data element selected for collection should have aspecific use and be of value in providing information from thePMS for the decision making process.3.4
19、The specific type of data needed to make informedpavement management decisions will vary with such factors asthe size, complexity and condition of the pavement network,the levels of service to be provided, the agency budget andbudgeting process. Further, since pavement management is adynamic process
20、, responsive to changes in technology, the dataneeds for a particular agency may be expected to change overtime. Accordingly, judgment invariably will be required inapplying this guide to develop a hierarchy of data needs.4. Data Types and Acquisition Methods4.1 General types of pavement management
21、data include theactual physical measurement of the pavement, informationabout usage, (that is, traffic and accident data) and administra-tive information. Both the types and acquisition methods ofpavement management data can be generally classified.4.2 The most appropriate classifications for the va
22、rioustypes of pavement data are those related to the followinggroups.4.2.1 Performance, the ability of a pavement to fulfill itspurpose over time as reflected in the measurable change incondition over time,4.2.2 History, past occurrences that influence pavementperformance,4.2.3 Costs, investment nec
23、essary for performance improve-ment or the liability as a result of declining performance,4.2.4 Policies and Regulations, decisions that are made asconstraints to pavement systems,4.2.5 Geometry, alignment, dimensions and shape of thepavement and its apertenances, and4.2.6 Environment, external fact
24、ors affecting pavement per-formance.4.3 This classification scheme has been used to incorporateall the component generic data items in Table 1. Table 1 alsopresents the corresponding methods to acquire those dataitems, again on a generic basis.5. Sample Size and Frequency5.1 The collection of paveme
25、nt management data may becontinuous or may involve a sampling process based on time,location, or other suitable parameters. The general type ofsample (stratified or continuous), its size, and the time intervalbetween repeat sampling, may vary considerably from agencyto agency and from one type of an
26、alysis to another. Theappropriate type and rate of sampling is dictated primarily bythe nature of the analysis to be performed (that is, networkversus project, trend analysis versus project design), therelative importance of the end use (that is, policy setting versusroutine analysis), the budget of
27、 the managing agency, as well asconventional statistical considerations required to ensure thatthe data will be sufficiently accurate and precise to permit validinterferences to be drawn.6. Uses of Data6.1 Pavement management data is used for network andproject level purposes. Network level manageme
28、nt requiresinformation for planning, budgeting, and forecasting trends.Project level management requires information for design andengineering of specific pavement sections or projects. Thevarious data are used in network and project level analysis asshown in Table 2.4Available from the U.S. Departm
29、ent of Transportation, Federal HighwayAdministration, Washington, DC 20590.5Available from the Transportation Research Board, Box 289, Washington, DC20055.6Available from the Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Ave.,S.W., Washington, DC 20591.E 1777 96 (2002)2TABLE 2 Typical Uses of Pa
30、vement Management DataData Category Network Level Project LevelPerformance-RelatedRoughness a) Describe present status and estimate impacts on users a) Quality assurance (as-built quality of new surface)b) Predict future status (deterioration curves) and impact on conditionand usersb) Create deterio
31、ration curvesc) Identify current and future needs c) Estimate milling/leveling/overlay quantitiesd) Basics for priority analysis and programming d) Determine effectiveness and benefit of alternative treatmentsSurface distress a) Describe present status and estimate impacts on users a) Selection of m
32、aintenance treatmentb) Predict future status (deterioration curves) and impact on conditionand usersb) Predict future statusc) Identify current and future needs c) Identify needed spot improvementsd) Maintenance priority programming d) Develop maintenance and construction quantity estimatese) Determ
33、ine effectiveness and benefits of alternative treatments e) Determine effectiveness and benefit of alternative treatmentsSurface friction a) Describe present status and estimate impacts on users a) Identify spot or section rehabilitation requirementsb) Predict future status and impact on condition a
34、nd users b) Determine effectiveness and benefit of alternative treatmentsc) Priority programmingd) Determine effectiveness and benefit of alternative treatmentsDeflection a) Describe present status a) Input rehabilitation designb) Predict future status and impact on condition b) Determine as-built s
35、tructural adequacyc) Identify structural inadequacies c) Estimate remaining service lifed) Determine seasonal load restrictions d) Determine seasonal load restrictionsTABLE 1 Pavement Management Data Items and Acquisition MethodsPerformance-RelatedData Category Typical Acquisition Method(s) Availabl
36、e Related ASTM StandardsRoughness subjective ratingresponse type equipment E 1082, E 1215profile measurement and response simulation E 950, E 1170profilograph measurements E 1274Surface distress pavement distress surveys (manual or automated) D 5340Friction side force equipment E 670locked wheel equ
37、ipment E 274, E 445, E 501, E 503, E 524, E 556slip friction (incipient) equipmentpendulum equipment E 303texture measurement methods D 3319, E 660, E 770, E 965Deflection impulse equipment D 4694, D 4695static equipment D 4695cyclic force equipment D 4602, D4695Layer material properties in-situ and
38、 laboratory material testing Many ASTM standards (Vol 04.03)back-calculation of material properties from field tests None exist. Several useful methods availablenondestructive pavement tests D 4694, D 4695layer thickness D 4748History-RelatedMaintenance history records, estimates, surveys, in-situ t
39、estingConstruction history (includes new construction,reconstruction, rehabilitation and repair)as-built records, estimates, surveys, in-situ testingTraffic records, estimates and surveysAccidents records, estimates and surveysCost-RelatedConstruction costs (includes new construction,reconstruction,
40、 rehabilitation and repair)records, estimates and surveysMaintenance costs records, estimates and surveysUser costs records, estimates and surveysPolicy-RelatedBudget records, public officials and other agenciesAvailable alternatives records, organizations, suppliers and other agenciesLevels of serv
41、ice public officials and policy statementsGeometry-RelatedSection dimensions records, estimates, direct measure and in-situ testingCurvature records, estimates and direct measureCross slope records, estimates and direct measureVertical curvature records, estimates and direct measureShoulder/curbs re
42、cords, estimates and direct measureEnvironment-RelatedDrainage analysis from records or field observation/measurementClimate analysis from records or field observation/measurementE 1777 96 (2002)3TABLE 1 ContinuedData Category Network Level Project LevelPerformance-Relatede) Priority programming of
43、rehabilitation e) Determine effectiveness and benefit of alternative treatmentsf) Determine effectiveness and benefit of alternative treatmentsLayer materialpropertiesa) Estimate section-to-section variability a) Input rehabilitation designb) Develop basis for improved design standards b) Determine
44、as-built structural adequacyc) Describe present status c) Estimate remaining service lifed) Predict future status and impact on condition d) Determine seasonal load restrictionse) Identify structural inadequacies e) Determine effectiveness and benefit of alternative treatmentsf) Determine seasonal l
45、oad restrictions f) Provide as-built recordsg) Priority programming of rehabilitationh) Determine effectiveness and benefit of alternative treatmentsHistory-RelatedMaintenance history a) Maintenance programming a) Identify and diagnose problem sectionsb) Evaluate maintenance effectiveness b) Evaluat
46、e maintenance effectivenessc) Determine effectiveness and benefit of alternative treatments c) Determine effectiveness and benefit of alternative treatmentsConstruction history a) Evaluate construction effectiveness a) Provide as-built recordsb) Evaluate effectiveness of alternative designs and cons
47、tructionpracticesb) Provide feedback to designc) Determine need for improved quality assurance proceduresTraffic history a) Priority programming a) Input for pavement designb) Input to estimate general performance/distress trends b) Identify traffic handling methodsc) Estimate structural capacity c)
48、 Estimate remaining service lifed) Estimate structural capacityAccident history a) Develop countermeasures a) Identify high-risk sitesb) Priority programming b) Develop countermeasuresCost-RelatedConstruction costs a) Priority programming a) Economic evaluationb) Selection of network investment stra
49、tegies b) Selection of strategiesc) Budget estimates c) Bid evaluationMaintenance costs a) Priority programming a) Evaluation of maintenance effectivenessb) Selection of network maintenance strategies b) Selection of maintenance sectionsc) Budget estimates c) Bid evaluationRehabilitation costs a) Priority programming a) Economic evaluationb) Selection of network rehabilitation strategies b) Selection of rehabilitation strategiesc) Budget estimates c) Bid evaluationUser Costs a) Priority programming a) Economic evaluationb) Selection of management strategies b) Selection of project st
