1、Designation: E 1216 06Standard Practice forSampling for Particulate Contamination by Tape Lift1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling surfaces todetermine the presence of particulate contamination, 5 m andlarger. The pract
3、ice consists of the application of a pressure-sensitive tape to the surface followed by the removal ofparticulate contamination with the removal of the tape. Thetape with the adhering particles is then mounted on countingslides. Counting and measuring of particles is done by standardtechniques.1.2 T
4、his practice describes the materials and equipmentrequired to perform sampling of surfaces for particle countingand sizing.1.3 The criteria for acceptance or rejection of a part forconformance to surface cleanliness level requirements shall bedetermined by the user and are not included in this pract
5、ice.1.4 This practice is for use on surfaces that are not damagedby the application of adhesive tape. The use of this practice onany surface of any material not previously tested or for whichthe susceptibility to damage is unknown is not recommended.In general, metals, metal plating, and oxide coati
6、ngs will not bedamaged. Application to painted, vapor deposited, and opticalcoatings should be evaluated before implementing this test.1.5 This practice provides three methods to evaluate tape lifttests, as follows:SectionsPractice AThis method uses light transmitted through the tapeand tape adhesiv
7、e to detect particles that adhere to it.4to6Practice BThis method uses light transmitted through the tapeadhesive after bonding to a base microscope slide, dissolvingthe tape backing, and a cover slide. The particles are embeddedin the adhesive, and air bubbles are eliminated with acrylicmounting me
8、dia.7to9Practice CThis method uses light reflected off the tape adhesiveto detect particles that adhere to it.10 to 121.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address a
9、ll of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 595 Test Method f
10、or Total Mass Loss and CollectedVolatile Condensable Materials from Outgassing in aVacuum EnvironmentF 312 Methods for Microscopical Sizing and CountingParticles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane Filters2.2 Federal Standard:Federal Standard 595 Color33. Significance and Use3.1 The tape lift provides
11、 a rapid and simple technique forremoving particles from a surface and determining theirnumber and size distribution.3.2 By using statistically determined sample size and loca-tions, an estimate of the surface cleanliness level of large areascan be made. The user shall define the sampling plan.3.3 T
12、he sampling plan shall consider the importance ofsurface geometry and surface orientation to gas flow, gravity,obstructions, and previous history of hardware. These factorsinfluence particle fallout and entrapment of particles on thesurface. The geometry of joints, recessed areas, fasteners, andthe
13、correspondence of particle-count data to area can bemaintained.3.4 The selection of tape and the verification of its effect onthe cleanliness of the hardware is very important. The tapeadhesive should have sufficient cohesion to avoid transfer ofthe adhesive to the surface under test. The impact of
14、adhesivetransfer should be evaluated by laboratory testing before usingthe tape on the hardware. Since potential for adhesive transferexists, cleaning to remove any adhesive might be required. In1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on SpaceSimulation and Applications of Spa
15、ce Technology and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E21.05 on Contamination.Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E 1216 99 (2005).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.
16、org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.1Copyrig
17、ht ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.addition, the tape should have low outgassing characteristics,and as a minimum, it should meet the requirements of less than1.0 % total mass loss (TML) and 0.1 % collected volatilecondensable m
18、aterials (CVCM), as measured by Test MethodE 595.3.5 Care should be exercised in deciding which surfacesshould be tested by this practice. The tape can removemarginally adhering paint and coatings. Optical surfacesshould not be tested until verification has been made that thesurface coating will not
19、 be damaged. Rough surface finishesresult in low removal efficiencies. Surface finishes up toapproximately 3.20 m (125 in.) have been tested and foundto give satisfactory results.3.6 This practice has been tested only on surfaces at roomtemperature. Evaluation of temperature effects must be con-duct
20、ed prior to using the test on surfaces other than roomtemperature.3.7 Only personnel experienced in microscopic particle-counting techniques should be used to count and size theparticles.PRACTICE ATRANSMITTED LIGHTMICROSCOPY4. Apparatus4.1 Counting Slide:4.1.1 Optical glass, polished on both sides,
21、with bevelededges and etched with low reflectance chrome to provide a7.62- by 7.62-cm (3.0- by 3.0-in.) area consisting of 256 (16 by16) individual numbered squares. Each square has 0.23 cm2(0.015 in.2) of area and is cleaned to remove all particles equalto or greater than 5 m in size.4.1.2 Backgrou
22、nd ColorFor ease of distinguishing lightparticles from the background, slides colored Green No. 14062or Magenta Red No. 21158 in accordance with FederalStandard 595 may be used. Other background colors may beused if corresponding accuracy is achieved.4.2 Pressure-Sensitive Tape,4nominal (50-mm) (2-i
23、n.) wideclear film backing with a transparent adhesive. Tape to besupplied on a plastic roll.4.2.1 Tape flexibility should be sufficient to allow taping ofareas with 90 angles.4.2.2 Tape backing and adhesive shall be clear, smooth, freeof tape bubbles, flow lines, and imperfections that wouldinterfe
24、re with the counting of particles.4.3 Nonlinting Gloves,5specially cleaned having a revers-ible thumb.5. Procedure5.1 Technique:5.1.1 The tape shall be slowly removed directly from theroll to avoid static charge effects and applied immediately tominimize exposure to the air.5.1.2 The tape must be re
25、moved immediately after applica-tion to the surface being tested with a slow and steady force.Fast or jerky removal reduces particle retention efficiency andincreases the possibility of leaving tape residues. Prolongedcontact of the tape to the surface develops stronger binding anda higher probabili
26、ty for tape residues to be left on the surface.5.1.3 Apply the tape to a clean slide as described in 5.2.2.The color of the filter slide must be specified because thenumber of translucent and contrasting particles detected willvary depending on the background medium.5.1.4 The outside edges, 6 mm (0.
27、25 in.), shall not be used.This is the area most likely to be contaminated during tapemanufacture, handling, and shipping. The static charges on thetape may draw contaminants to the area from outside the testarea.5.1.5 Excessive pressure in applying tape may crush theparticles.5.2 Preparation of the
28、 Test Specimen:5.2.1 Prepare a 12-mm (0.5-in.) tab of the free end of thetape. Remove a minimum of 12 cm (5.0 in.) under tension toprevent buckling and apply to one end of the surface. Press a10-cm (4-in.) length firmly to the surface. There shall be nocreases or folds. Nonlinting gloves must be wor
29、n to prevent theintroduction of skin particles into the sample.5.2.1.1 Do not crush particles on the surface when applyingthe tape. A roller device has been found to work well.5.2.2 Immediately after applying the tape to the surface, liftthe tape from one end using an even force. The tape must bekep
30、t taut during the removal. Apply the tape to the etched sideof a clean glass counting slide using the same techniquedescribed in 5.2.1.5.3 CountingPlace the glass slide on a colored back-ground stage of the microscope with the unetched side up. Sizeand count the particulate contamination in accordan
31、ce withMethods F 312. Squares falling within 6 mm (0.25 in.) of thetape edge shall not be used. The total number of particlesshould be sufficiently large to provide the statistical reliabilityrequired by Methods F 312.5.4 Perform the blank analyses or tares to establish thebackground level of partic
32、les in the tape. The backgroundparticle count of the blank shall be no more than 10 % of theallowable value for the surface under test.6. Precision and Bias6.1 Precision and bias are intended to be adequate for use asa standard practice, or monitoring method.6.1.1 RepeatabilityRepeatability of the c
33、ounting methodshall be defined in Methods F 312.6.1.2 EffectivenessThe minimum effectiveness of particleremoval from smooth surfaces and angles down to 90 is 90 %for particles larger than 5 m.6.2 Bias:6.2.1 No absolute standard nor one traceable to the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology i
34、s available, and there-fore, the bias of this practice cannot be determined at this time.4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis 3M No. 480 polyethylene tape with an acrylic pressure-sensitive backing. If youare aware of alternative suppliers, please provide
35、 this information to ASTMHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend.5The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Cadinol No. 172 gloves. If you are aware of alternative s
36、uppliers, please providethis information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive carefulconsideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you mayattend.E12160626.2.2 The sizing and counting bias is being established forparticles larger than 5 m.PRACTICE BTRANSMITTED L
37、IGHTMICROSCOPY7. Apparatus7.1 Counting Slide:67.1.1 Optical glass, polished on both sides, with bevelededges, providing a 25- by 75-mm (1- by 3-in.) area. Each slideis cleaned to remove all particles equal to or greater than 5 min size.7.1.2 Background ColorFor ease of distinguishing lightparticles
38、from the background, slides colored Green No. 14062or Magenta Red No. 21158 in accordance with FederalStandard 595 may be used. Other background colors may beused if corresponding accuracy is achieved.7.2 Pressure-Sensitive Tape,7nominal 19-mm (0.75-in.)wide clear film backing with a transparent adh
39、esive. Tape to besupplied on a plastic roll.7.2.1 Tape flexibility should be sufficient to allow taping ofareas with 90 angles.7.2.2 Tape backing and adhesive should be clear, smooth,free of tape bubbles, flow lines, and imperfections that wouldinterfere with the counting of particles.7.3 Nonlinting
40、 Gloves,8specially cleaned having a revers-ible thumb.7.4 Microscope Staining Jar or Dish.97.5 AcetoneThe acetone must be filtered to eliminateparticles over 5.0 m in length and should have no more than10-ppm nonvolatile residue; HPLC grade acetone meets thisrequirement.7.6 Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA)Th
41、e IPA must be filtered toeliminate particles over 5.0 m in length and should have nomore than 10-ppm nonvolatile residue; HPLC grade IPA meetsthis requirement.7.7 Acrylic Mounting Medium10Low-viscosity (;0.6-Pas or ;60-centipoise) mounting medium will allow for quickflow with a minimum of air bubble
42、s.7.8 HexaneThe hexane must be filtered to eliminateparticles over 5.0 m in length and should have no more than10-ppm nonvolatile residue; HPLC grade hexane meets thisrequirement.7.9 XyleneThe xylene must be filtered to eliminate par-ticles over 5.0 m in length and should have no more than10-ppm non
43、volatile residue; HPLC grade xylene meets thisrequirement.8. Procedure8.1 Technique:8.1.1 The tape should be slowly removed directly from theroll to avoid static charge effects and applied immediately tominimize exposure to the air.8.1.2 The tape must be removed immediately after applica-tion to the
44、 surface being tested with a slow and steady force.Fast or jerky removal reduces particle retention efficiency andincreases the possibility of leaving tape residues. Prolongedcontact of the tape to the surface develops stronger bondingand a higher probability for tape residues to be left on thesurfa
45、ce.8.1.3 Apply the tape to a clean slide as described in 8.2.2.The color of the filter slide must be specified because thenumber of translucent and contrasting particles detected willvary depending on the background medium.8.1.4 The outside edges, 6 mm (0.25 in.), should not beused. This is the area
46、 most likely to be contaminated duringtape manufacture, handling, and shipping. The static chargeson the tape may draw contaminants to the area from outside thetest area.8.1.5 Excessive pressure in applying tape may crush theparticles.8.2 Preparation of the Test Specimen:8.2.1 Prepare a 12-mm (0.5-i
47、n.) tab of the free end of thetape. Remove a minimum of 125 mm (5.0 in.) under tension toprevent buckling and apply to one end of the surface. Press a10-cm (4-in.) length firmly to the surface. There should be nocreases or folds. Nonlinting gloves must be worn to prevent theintroduction of skin part
48、icles into the sample.8.2.1.1 Do not crush particles on the surface when applyingthe tape. A roller device has been found to work well.8.2.2 Immediately after applying the tape to the surface, liftthe tape from one end using an even force. The tape must bekept taut during the removal. Apply the tape
49、 to the clean glasscounting slide using the same technique described in 8.2.18.3 The next step is to dissolve the tape backing. Thematerials needed are a suitable solvent and a container to holdit and the microscope slide while the tape backing dissolves. Amicroscope staining jar or dish is a good choice for thecontainer, as it will keep the slides separated and allows forcomplete immersion. Acetone dissolves acetate tape backing(Scotch Magic Tape) within 30 min.118.4 After the backing is completely dissolved, remove eachslide individually, and wash it wi
