1、Designation: D7518 10Standard Specification for1,3 Propanediol (PDO) Base Engine Coolant for Automobileand Light-Duty Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7518; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the requirements for 1,3 pro-panediol base engine coolants used in automobile
3、s or otherlight-duty service cooling systems.When concentrates are usedat 40 to 70 % concentration by volume in water, or whenprediluted glycol base engine coolants (50 volume % mini-mum) are used without further dilution, they will functioneffectively to provide protection against freezing, boiling
4、, andcorrosion.1.2 The coolants governed by this specification are catego-rized as follows:Coolant Type DescriptionI 1,3 Propanediol base concentrateII 1,3 Propanediol predilute (50 vol %)NOTE 1This specification is based on the knowledge of the perfor-mance of engine coolants prepared from new or v
5、irgin ingredients.NOTE 2This specification applies to automobiles and light-dutyservice. A specification for heavy-duty engine service is under develop-ment.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard
6、does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM S
7、tandards:2D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In WaterD516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in WaterD1119 Test Method for Percent Ash Content of EngineCoolantsD1120 Test Method for Boiling Point of Engine CoolantsD1121 Test Method for Reserve Alkalinity of Engine Cool-ants and AntirustsD1122 Test Method f
8、or Density or Relative Density ofEngine Coolant Concentrates and Engine Coolants By TheHydrometerD1123 Test Methods for Water in Engine Coolant Concen-trate by the Karl Fischer Reagent MethodD1126 Test Method for Hardness in WaterD1177 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aqueous EngineCoolantsD1287 Te
9、st Method for pH of Engine Coolants and Anti-rustsD1293 Test Methods for pH of WaterD1384 Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolantsin GlasswareD1881 Test Method for Foaming Tendencies of EngineCoolants in GlasswareD1882 Test Method for Effect of Cooling System ChemicalSolutions on Organic F
10、inishes for Automotive VehiclesD2570 Test Method for Simulated Service Corrosion Test-ing of Engine CoolantsD2809 Test Method for Cavitation Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Characteristics of Aluminum Pumps With En-gine CoolantsD3321 Test Method for Use of the Refractometer for FieldTest Determinati
11、on of the Freezing Point of AqueousEngine CoolantsD3634 Test Method for Trace Chloride Ion in EngineCoolantsD4327 Test Method for Anions in Water by ChemicallySuppressed Ion ChromatographyD4340 Test Method for Corrosion of CastAluminumAlloysin Engine Coolants Under Heat-Rejecting ConditionsD4725 Ter
12、minology for Engine CoolantsD5827 Test Method for Analysis of Engine Coolant forChloride and Other Anions by Ion Chromatography1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 onEngine Coolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.07 onSpecifications.Current editio
13、n approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D751809. DOI:10.1520/D7518-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards
14、 volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D5931 Test Method for Density and
15、Relative Density ofEngine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Cool-ants by Digital Density MeterD6130 Test Method for Determination of Silicon and OtherElements in Engine Coolant by Inductively CoupledPlasma-Atomic Emission SpectroscopyD6660 Test Method for Freezing Point ofAqueous EthyleneGlyco
16、l Base Engine Coolants by Automatic Phase Transi-tion MethodD7388 Specification for Engine Coolant Grade 1,3-Propanediol (PDO)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE394 Test Method for Iron in Trace Quantities Using the1,10-Phenanthroline M
17、ethod2.2 Other Documents:Federal Method 2540B Total Dissolved Solids Dried at103105C33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 PDO base engine coolant, nan engine coolant inwhich the freeze point depressant is 1,3 propylene, withinhibitors to minimize foaming and corrosion.3.1.2 For definitions of other t
18、erms used in this specifica-tion, refer to Terminology D4725.4. General Requirements4.1 Engine coolant concentrates or prediluted PDO baseengine coolants shall be formulated with 1,3 propanediolmeeting Specification D7388, water, and suitable corrosioninhibitors, dye, and a foam suppressor.4.2 PDO b
19、ase engine coolant concentrates (Type I) may notcontain ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol,tetraethylene glycol. Similarly, prediulted PDO base coolants(Type II) may not contain ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol,triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol.4.3 All engine coolant con
20、centrates or prediluted PDO baseengine coolants shall conform to the general requirementsgiven in Table 1.4.4 Prediluted PDO (Type II) base engine coolants shall beformulated using water that meets the following requirements:Property Specific Values ASTM Test MethodChlorides, g/g (ppm (grains/gal) 2
21、5 (1.5) max D512, D4327, D5827Sulfate, g/g (ppm (grains/gal) 50 (3.0) max D516, D4327, D5827Hardness, as CaCo3, g/g(ppm (grains/gal)20 (1.2) max D1126, D6130pH 5.5 to 8.5 D1287, D1293Iron, g/g (ppm (grains/gal) 1.0 (0.06) max D6130, E394NOTE 3Prediluted coolants are intended for direct addition to a
22、nengine-cooling system with no further dilution. However, if circumstancesrequire addition and prediluted aqueous engine coolant is no available, usethe appropriate engine-coolant concentrate (Type I) diluted to 50 volume% with water of at least the quality outlined in Table X1.1.4.5 When diluting e
23、ngine-coolant concentrates for actualservice, the water should be of such quality that it does notcontain excessive solids, hardness salts, or chlorides. In theabsence of specific recommendations from the engine orvehicle manufacturers, see Appendix X1,orTable X1.1.Ifsuch water is not available, use
24、 deionized (demineralized) ordistilled water. This procedure will minimize the formation ofhard-water scale and avoid the introduction of mineral com-ponents, such as chlorides and sulfates, which can increase thecorrosion rate of aluminum and iron.4.6 When installed in accordande with the vehicle m
25、anufac-turers recommendations and those on the product label, enginecoolant concentrates or prediluted glycol-base engine coolantsshall be suitable for use in a properly maintained coolingsystem (Appendix X1.1) in normal light-duty service for aminimum of one year without adversely affecting fluid f
26、lowand heat transfer.5. Detailed Requirements5.1 Glycol-base coolant concentrates and prediluted cool-ants shall conform to the physical and chemical requirementsprescribed in Table 2 depending on coolant type (see 1.2).5.2 The requirements listed in Table 2 for prediluted coolant(Type II) are presc
27、ribed for the coolant as packaged, withoutfurther dilution or adjustment.3Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. AmericanPublic Health Association, et al, 1015 15th Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20005.TABLE 1 General RequirementsProperty Specific Values ASTM Test MethodColor Dist
28、inctive .Effect on nonmetals No adverse effect under considerationTABLE 2 Physical and Chemical RequirementsPropertyType I Type IIASTM TestMethodRelative density, 15.5/15.5C (60/60F)1.050 to 1.065 1.025 min D1122, D5931Freezing point,AC (F):50 vol % in DI water27.8 (18.0) max D1177, D6660Undiluted 2
29、7.8 (18.0)maxBoiling pointBC (F): D112050 vol % in DI water 102 (215) minUndiluted 180 (356) min 102 (215) minAsh content, mass % 5 max D1119pH: D128750 vol % in DI water 7.5 to 11Undiluted 7.5 to 11Chloride, g.g 25 max 25 max D3634C, D5827CWater, mass % 5 max not applicable D1123Reserve alkalinity,
30、 mL reportDreportDD1121Effect on automobile finish(use clear coat thermoseturethane or acrylicurethane finish)no effect no effect D1882EAFor purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observedvalue shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used inexpres
31、sing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding method ofPractice E29.BSome precipitate may be observed at the end of the test. This should not because for rejection.CIn case of dispute, D3634 shall be the preferred test method.DValue as agreed upon between the supplier and the custome
32、r.ECurrently, many vehicle manufacturers prepare test panels using the specificpaint finishes employed on their actual products. Coolant suppliers and vehiclemanufacturers should agree on the exact test procedures and acceptance criteriaon an individual basis.D7518 1025.3 All coolant concentrates an
33、d prediluted coolants shallconform to the performance requirements listed in Table 3.5.4 Coolant concentrates shall be diluted for performancetesting as described in the individual ASTM test methods.5.5 If necessary, the freezing point of prediluted coolantsshall be adjusted with deionized water bef
34、ore proceeding withperformance testing. The freezing point of prediluted PDObase coolants (Type II) shall be 27.8C (18.0F).5.6 Adjusted, prediluted engine-coolant performance testsolutions shall be prepared as described in Table 3, FootnotesB through F.6. Keywords6.1 1,3-propanediol; engine coolant;
35、 engine coolant concen-trate; light-duty engine coolant; PDO; prediluted enginecoolantAPPENDIXESX1. COOLANT SYSTEM MAINTENANCEX1.1 Filling the Cooling System:X1.1.1 Before installing engine coolant, the cooling systemshould be inspected and necessary service work completed.X1.1.2 Cooling system fill
36、 should consist of coolant con-centrate and water or prediluted glycol-base engine coolant (50volume % minimum).X1.1.3 When preparing solutions, the water should be ofsuch quality that it does not contain excessive solids, hardnesssalts, sulfates, or chlorides. In the absence of specific recom-menda
37、tions from the engine or vehicle manufacturer, see TableX1.1. Contact your local water department, the responsiblegovernment agency, or submit a water sample for analysis, ifthere is a question on water quality.X1.1.4 The recommneded coolant concentration is 40 to 70%.X1.2 Essential Cooling System S
38、ervice:X1.2.1 Check coolant concentration (freeze point). Themost accurate and preferred means of determining coolantconcentration is by the refractometer (see X2.1 and TableX2.1).TABLE 3 Performance RequirementsAPropertySpecific Values ASTM Test MethodTest Solution Concentration,vol % GlycolCorrosi
39、on in glassware D1384B33Weight loss, mg/specimencoppersolderbrasssteelcast ironaluminum10 max30 max10 max10 max10 max30 maxSimulated service testWeight loss, mg/specimencoppersolderbrasssteelcast ironaluminum20 max60 max20 max20 max20 max60 maxD2570C44Corrosion of Cast Aluminum Alloys at Heat-Reject
40、ing Surfaces, mg/cm2/week 1.0 max D4340D25FoamingVolume, mLBreak time, s150 max5 maxD1881E33Cavitation-ErosionRating for pitting, cavitation, and erosion of the water pump8min D2809F17AFor engine-coolant concentrates, test solutions shall be prepared in accordance with the directions provided in the
41、 individualASTM test methods noted. For predilutedengine coolants, prepare test solutions using the directions provided in footnotes B through F.BFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 67 volume % of the adjusted (see 4.6) prediluted product with 33 volume % ASTM Type IV reagen
42、t water.Add 99 mg of sodium sulfate, 110 mg of sodium chloride, and 92 mg of sodium bicarbonate per litre of test solution.CFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 88 volume % of the adjusted (see 4.6) prediluted product with 12 volume % ASTM Type IV reagent water.Add 83 mg of s
43、odium sulfate, 92 mg of sodium chloride, and 77 mg of sodium bicarbonate per litre of test solution.DFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 50 volume % of the adjusted (see 4.6) prediluted product with 50 volume % ASTM Type IV reagent water.Add 165 mg of sodium chloride per lit
44、re of test solution.EFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 67 volume % of the adjusted (see 4.6) prediluted product with 33 volume % ASTM Type II reagent water.FFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 33 volume % of the adjusted (see 4.6) prediluted produc
45、t with 67 volume % ASTM Type IV reagent water.Add 123 mg of sodium sulfate, 137 mg of sodium chloride, and 115 mg of sodium bicarbonate per litre of test solution.TABLE X1.1 Suggested Water Quality LimitsAProperty Specific Values ASTM Test MethodTotal solids, g/g (ppm (grains/gal) 340 (20) max Feder
46、al Method2540BTotal hardness, g/g (ppm (grains/gal) 170 (10) max D1126,D6130D6130Chlorides, g/g (ppm (grains/gal) 40 (2.4) max D512, D4327, D5827Sulfate, g/g (ppm (grains/gal) 100 (5.9) max D516, D4327, D5827pH 5.5 9.0 D1287, D1293AAdopted from a survey by the Committee D15 Water Quality Task Force.
47、D7518 103X1.2.2 Check coolant level and condition. Replace coolantat service intervals recommended by the engine manufacturer,vehicle manufacturer, or designated service organization. Fol-low recommended practices.X1.2.3 Pressure test system for leaks (preferably whencold).X1.2.4 Test pressure cap a
48、nd inspect radiator filler neck.X1.2.5 Inspect hoses and tighten hose connections.X1.2.6 Inspect drive belts and check for proper tension.X1.2.7 Test thermostat if the engine is running too hot or toocold. Replace with a thermostat recommended by the manu-facturer.X1.3 Premix coolant concentrate and
49、 water before addingto the cooling system.X1.4 When preparing additions or when replacing thecoolant in the engine system, use only clean, low mineralcontent water. Table X1.1 provides suggestions for properwater quality limits.X1.5 CautionDo not remove the radiator pressure capwhen the engine is hot. The cooling system will likely be underpressure. When the engine has cooled, carefully turn to the firstnotch to vent the system pressure, and then remove. If coolantoverflows when the cup is vented, immediately retighten andpermit the system t
