1、Designation: D7322 07D7322 13Standard Test Method forDetermination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP)Ability to Encourage Seed Germination and Plant GrowthUnder Bench-Scale Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7322; the number immediately following the designation in
2、dicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers guidelines, requ
3、irements, and procedures for evaluating the effect of Rolled Erosion ControlProducts (RECPs) on seed germination and vegetation enhancement.1.2 This test method will evaluate the effects of RECPs on seed germination in a controlled environment.1.3 This test method utilizes bench-scale testing proced
4、ures and shall not be interpreted as indicative of field performance.1.4 This test method is not intended to replace full-scale simulation or field testing in acquisition of performance values thatare required in the design of erosion control measures utilizing RECPs.1.5 The values stated in SI unit
5、s are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associa
6、ted with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD4
7、354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for TestingD5268 Specification for Topsoil Used for Landscaping PurposesD6475 Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit Area of Erosion Control BlanketsD6566 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of Turf Reinf
8、orcement Mats3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, see Terminology D653.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Containers containing soil are sown with seeds and then covered with an RECP.Additional containers of soil are sown withseed and left uncovered as controls. The light,
9、temperature, and humidity are maintained and documented. The amount ofgermination and growth is measured periodically throughout the test, and the mass of vegetation is calculated at the conclusionof the test.4.2 Each RECPunder consideration as well as control containers of uncovered soil undergo te
10、sting in a controlled environment.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method evaluates the effect of an RECP on seed germination and initial plant growth in a controlled environment.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility
11、of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion and SedimentControl Technology.Current edition approved March 15, 2007June 15, 2013. Published April 2007July 2013. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7322 07. DOI: 10.1520/D7322-07.10.1520/D7322-13.2 For referencedASTM standards
12、, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM s
13、tandard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by
14、ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 The results of this test can be used to compare RECPs and other erosion control materials to determine which are the mosteffective at e
15、ncouraging the growth of vegetation.6. Apparatus6.1 Germination ContainersPlastic pots nominally 20 6 1 cm (8 6 0.4 in.) inside diameter made from plastic pipe sectioncylinders and having a height of 10 6 1 cm (4 6 0.4 in.). The pots include a perforated bottom to allow drainage.6.2 Temperature, Hum
16、idity,Temperature-, Humidity-, and LightControlledLight-Controlled ChamberCapable of maintain-ing a constant temperature of 27 6 2C, 45 6 5% relative humidity, and 900 6 100 ft-candles, with a light source as outlined inA1.1.6.3 PhotometerInstrument capable of measuring the illumination provided by
17、a fluorescent light source, including both thevisible and ultraviolet (UV) spectrum.6.4 ThermometerCapable of measuring temperature.6.5 HygrometerCapable of measuring relative humidity.7. Test Organisms7.1 The test should be conducted on one seed mix of tall fescue (Pure Live Seed, PLS = 80 6 5 %).
18、Seed shall be stored ina refrigerator.NOTE 1The test seed listed in this test method has been successful for product comparison purposes. However, this test may be used with alternativetest organisms based on user needs. If test organisms different from those listed in this procedure are used, agree
19、ment should be established between thetesting laboratory and the user of the test.7.2 Unless otherwise requested, use ASTM topsoil. ASTM topsoil shall comply with Specification D5268.8. Sampling8.1 Perform RECP material sampling in accordance with Practice D4354.8.2 The laboratory RECP sample should
20、 be 1 m2 (3.28 ft2).8.3 Cut three specimens from each RECP laboratory sample. The specimen should completely cover the soil in the germinationpots.9. Procedure9.1 Prepare Germination Containers : Containers:9.1.1 Prepare three pots for each RECP to be tested and three control pots.9.1.2 Place the so
21、il growing medium in each pot. The growing medium shall be topsoil conforming to Specification D5268 withan in-place moisture content and unit weight determined as follows:9.1.2.1 Condition and place the topsoil in each pot at a moist unit weight of 13.3 6 0.8 kN/m3 (85 6 5 pcf) and 35 to 40 %moistu
22、re content (approximately 60 % saturation).9.1.2.2 Randomly select three 5 by 5 cm (2 in. by 2 in.) squares from each pot. Outline or mark, or both, the selected squaresin each pot. Data will be periodically collected from within these squares. Alternatively, the entire pot can be used for datacolle
23、ction.9.1.2.3 Sow each pot with 0.50 seeds per cm2 (500 seeds per ft2). This is approximately 176 seeds per pot and 13 seeds perselected square. Distribute the seeds as uniformly as possible throughout each pot.9.1.2.4 Press the seeds firmly against the soil surface, and apply a thin veneer of cover
24、 soil of no more than 3 mm (0.1 in.) thickover the seeds. Compress both the seed and the topsoil using a 50 lb circular mass having a nominal diameter equivalent to thepot inside diameter.9.1.2.5 Add sufficient water to bring the placed and compacted topsoil to approximately 100 % saturation. (Stop
25、as soon as freewater is apparent on the surface.)9.1.2.6 Each RECPspecimen shall be weighed and measured to determine its mass per unit area in accordance withTest MethodD6475 and Test Method D6566. Cover each of three pots with an RECPspecimen. Three pots will be left uncovered to be controls.For R
26、ECP-covered pots, place the RECP over the pot, and hold firmly in place around the perimeter of the pot.9.1.2.7 Place the pots in the controlled environmental chamber conditioned at 27 6 2C, 45 6 5% relative humidity, and 9006 100 ft-candles. The test will proceed for 21 days.9.2 Test Operation, Mai
27、ntenance, and Data Collection:9.2.1 Check and record temperature, relative humidity, and light every day, day at five random locations along the length of thechamber, and make any necessary adjustments. (See Fig. 1.)9.2.2 Record the number of germinated seeds and the length of the plants within each
28、 designated square on days 7, 14, and 21.9.2.3 At the 7 and 14 day measurement periods, apply an additional quantity of water to each test pot equal to 12.5 mm (0.5in.) over the area of the pot (410 mL for an 8-in. diameter pot).D7322 1329.2.4 At the conclusion of the 21 days, each pot is harvested
29、by cutting the grass at the surface of the soil within each designated5 cm (2 in.) square measurement zone.9.2.5 Dry the harvested seedlings in an oven at 100C (212F) for 24 h.9.2.6 Make mass determinations for each pot.NOTE 2The test environment used in this test method procedure has been successfu
30、l for product comparison purposes. However, this test may beused with alternative test environments based on user needs. If test environments different from those listed in this procedure are used, agreement shouldbe established between the testing laboratory and the user of the test method.10. Calc
31、ulation10.1 Find the total for each pot or the mean of the pre-identified squares in each pot of the number of germinated seeds andthe average height of the plants for each measuring period. Similarly, determine the biomass after 21 days. The data for each potshould be normalized to the sample roll
32、average index mass per unit area based on the specimen-specific mass per unit area forthe pot.10.2 Average the data from 10.1 for each set of three pots, all prepared in the same manner.11. Report11.1 At a minimum, report the following information:11.1.1 General information, including test facility
33、location, date and time.11.1.2 Climate and soil pot (including soil weight and water weight added) details recorded before and during the test.11.1.3 Description of each RECP under consideration.11.1.4 Soil description.11.1.5 Test seed description.11.1.6 Raw data.11.1.7 Atable containing the biomass
34、 (will only have data for the last day), seed germination, and plant height averages for eachRECP and the control for day of data collection.11.1.8 Any qualitative observations or conclusions about the performance of the RECPs.11.1.9 Photographic documentation of each pot taken at days 0, 7, 14, and
35、 21. All photographs shall be taken from the sameangle and distance from each pot.NOTE 1* Harvest the seedlings in each sample area by cutting them at the soil surface, drying them in an oven at 100C for 24 h, and weighing them.FIG. 1 Data RecordD7322 13312. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe preci
36、sion of the test method is being determined.12.2 BiasThe bias of the test method, if any, is being determined.12.3 ReproducibilityThe reproducibility of the test method is being determined.13. Keywords13.1 erosion control; germination; RECP; rolled erosion control productANNEX(Mandatory Information)
37、A1. ANNEXA1.1 Standard ClimatesA1.1.1 Light RequirementsThe source of light will be from warm white fluorescent lights producing 900 6 100 ft-candles atthe soil/canopy surface. Typical warm white characteristics for a 48-in. long lamp include:Light output = 3300 lmColor Temperature = 3000 KColor Ren
38、dering = 85A1.1.1.1 Photoperiod should be at least 14 h of light per day.A1.1.1.2 Illumination should be monitored weekly with a recording photometer. Adjustments to artificial lighting may benecessary.A1.1.1.3 Intensity should be determined daily with a recording photometer. Adjustments to artifici
39、al lighting may be necessary.A1.1.2 Temperature and HumidityRecord air temperature and humidity at least daily. Air temperature and relative humidityshould be continuously monitored.Test Condition Temperature HumidityControlled 27 2C (approximately 81F) 45 5 % RHA1.2 Standard SoilsUnless otherwise r
40、equested, use topsoil. Topsoil shall comply with Specification D5268.A1.3 Seed CalibrationA1.3.1 Seed for the germination test shall be stored in a refrigerator.A1.3.2 The seed used in the test shall be subjected to a calibration test simultaneously with the running of the test. The calibrationtest
41、shall involve the selection of 20 seeds from the same source as those used in the germination test. The 20 seeds are placedon a saturated paper towel, sealed within a plastic transparent container, and exposed to the same temperature/lighting regimen asthe germination samples. At 7, 14, and 21 days
42、the number of seeds to germinate shall be noted. At the end of 21 days thepercentage of seeds germinated shall be used to interpret the results of the germination test relative to previous tests. If the seedgermination rate from the calibration tests drops below 80 %, new seed should be obtained.D73
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46、mmittee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D7322 135
