1、Designation: D7155 11D7155 18Standard Practice forEvaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine LubricatingOils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7155; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This practice covers the compatibility of mixtures of turbine lubricating oils of the same ISO VG grade and t
3、ype as definedby Specification D4304. The Tier 1 method compares the visual appearances methods compare properties of specific mixtures withthose of the neat oils after storage at specified conditions.1.2 If the current in-service oil is causing problems or if circumstances indicate the need for add
4、itional testing, a Tier 2 methodcompares selected performance properties of the mixture and its constituent oils.The methods are grouped into four tiers of testingtypes:1.2.1 Tier 1Visual appearance1.2.2 Tier 2Interfacial properties1.2.3 Tier 3Physical and chemical properties1.2.4 Tier 4Specific per
5、formance properties1.3 The Tier 1 and Tier 2 methods can be used to evaluate new (unused) lubricant compatibility or the effects of adding new(unused) lubricant to in-service lubricant in the system.1.4 This practice does not evaluate the wear prevention characteristics, load carrying capacity, or t
6、he mechanical shear stabilityof lubricants mixtures while in service. If anti-wear (AW), extreme pressure (EP), or shear stability are to be evaluated, furthertesting of these parameters may be required.1.4.1 Tier 1Mixtures of the two constituent oils to be evaluated are prepared at specified propor
7、tions, stored in an oven at 65Cfor 168 h, and then evaluated for changes in physical appearance.1.4.2 Tier 1Mixtures of the two constituent oils to be evaluated are prepared at specified proportions, stored in an oven at 65Cfor 168 h, and then evaluated for changes physical appearance and parameters
8、 detailed in 7.3.1.5 Mixtures of the two constituent oils are evaluated in a primary testing protocol using the following standards:Appearance (Tier 1 and Tier 2) Appendix X1Kinematic Viscosity Test Method D445Acidity Test Methods D664 and D974Pentane Insoluble Test Method D893Copper Corrosion Test
9、Method D130Rust Prevention Test Method D665Foaming Characteristics Test Method D892Air Release Properties Test Method D3427Water Separability Test Method D1401Oxidation Stability Test Note 11.5.1 For compatible mixtures, a supplemental (nonmandatory) testing scheme is suggested when circumstances in
10、dicate theneed for additional testing the beyond Tier 2 primary recommended tests.NOTE 1The oxidation stability test method should be selected based on the product type and in agreement with the lubricant supplier (see AppendixX2 for options). Unlike other tests described in this practice, the impac
11、t on oxidation stability may not be easily interpreted with a pass/fail rating. Theuser is encouraged to contact the lubricant supplier for assistance in the evaluation of the data.1.5 Mixtures of the two constituent oils are evaluated using the Tier 1 and Tier 2 testing protocol. Sequential or conc
12、urrenttesting is continued by applying tests from Tier 3 or Tier 4 until the test requestor or user is satisfied that the intent of this practicehas been met. If any mixture fails the Tier 1 visual appearance method or any of the Tier 2 primary tests, when requested, the oils1 This practice is under
13、 the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.C0.01 on Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011June 1, 2018. Published November 2011August 2018. Originally appr
14、oved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 asD7155D7155 11.06. DOI: 10.1520/D7155-11.10.1520/D7155-18.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may n
15、ot be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the e
16、nd of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1are incompatible. methods, the oils are considered incompatible by that method. If all mixtures pass the Tier 1 or Tier 2 tests,methods, the oils are considered compat
17、ible by those methods. It is recommended that passing only Tier 1 does not adequately testfor fluid compatibility.1.6 If the mixture passes Tier 1, it shows two oils are visually compatible only. If the mixture passes Tier 1 and 2, it shows twooils are visually and interfacially compatible. If the m
18、ixture passes Tier 1, 2 and 3, it shows two oils are visually, interfacially,physically, and chemically compatible. If the mixture passes Tier 1, 2, 3, 4, it shows two oils are compatible with the highestconfidence level. Testing each tier level is giving the user more confidence that the two fluids
19、 are compatible.1.7 This practice applies only to lubricating oils having characteristics suitable for evaluation by the suggested test methods.If the scope of a specific test method limits testing to those oils within a specified range of properties, oils outside that range cannotbe tested for comp
20、atibility by that test method.1.8 This practice may be used to evaluate the compatibility of different types and grades of oil. However, it is not intended toevaluate such mixtures. mixtures for lubrication performance. The user is advised to consult with suppliers in these situations.1.9 This pract
21、ice does not purport to cover all test methods that could be employed.1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.11 This standard doe
22、s not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This
23、 international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT
24、) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mix
25、ed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon SolventsD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubri
26、cating OilsD893 Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating OilsD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic FluidsD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)D2270 Pract
27、ice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 C and 100 CD2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Turbine Oils by Rotating Pressure VesselD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative MicrocoulometryD3427 Test Meth
28、od for Air Release Properties of Hydrocarbon Based OilsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD4304 Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas TurbinesD4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of
29、Inhibited Mineral OilsD4629 Test Method forTrace Nitrogen in Liquid Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion and ChemiluminescenceDetectionD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by InductivelyCoupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectro
30、metry (ICP-AES)D5762 Test Method for Nitrogen in Liquid Hydrocarbons, Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet ChemiluminescenceD5846 Test Method for Universal Oxidation Test for Hydraulic and Turbine Oils Using the Universal Oxidation TestApparatusD6186 Test Method for Oxidation Induction Tim
31、e of Lubricating Oils by Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (PDSC)D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric KarlFischer TitrationD6514 Test Method for High Temperature Universal Oxidation Test for Turbine OilsD7042 Test
32、 Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of KinematicViscosity)2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer
33、to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.D7155 182D7843 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricant Generated Insoluble Color Bodies in In-Service Turbine Oils usingMembrane Patch ColorimetryD7873 Test Method for Determination of Oxidation Stability and Insolubles Formation of Inhibit
34、ed Turbine Oils at 120 CWithout the Inclusion of Water (Dry TOST Method)3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 compatibility, nof lubricating oils, the ability of lubricating oils to mix
35、 together without significant degradation ofproperties or performance.3.2.1.1 DiscussionWhen a mixture of two oils has properties or performance significantly inferior to botheither of the constituent oils, then the twooils are incompatible. If the properties are inferior to those of one neat oil bu
36、t not inferior to those of the other, then such is notnecessarily considered an indication of incompatibility. To be considered significantly inferior, the property of the mixture wouldbe worse than the poorer of the two neat oils by an amount exceeding the repeatability (or in the case of third par
37、ty verificationtesting, the reproducibility) of the test method used to evaluate the property. (See the definitions for fail and pass.)3.2.2 fail, nin compatibility testing of oil mixtures, a test result that is inferior to that of the poorer of the two constituent oilsby an amount exceeding the rep
38、eatability of the test method used for the evaluation.3.2.3 insolubles, nsolids or semi-solid material that accumulate on the bottom of a liquid. As broadened, insolubles includevarnishes and “non-sedimentatious materials” resulting from fluid incompatibility that change the appearance of a bright a
39、nd clearliquid to “hazy” or “cloudy.”3.2.4 pass, nin compatibility testing of oil mixtures, a test result that is equal to or better than that of the poorer of the twoconstituent oils.oils by an amount exceeding the repeatability of the test method used for the evaluation.3.1.4 primary compatibility
40、 tests, n of lubricating oils, those test methods employed in the Tier 2 method to evaluate theimpact on performance properties when circumstances indicate the need for additional testing.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe test methods considered the most relevant in the evaluation of turbine oils, insofar as th
41、ey provide the most information withthe least expenditure of testing resources.3.1.5 secondary compatibility tests, nof lubricating oils, those test methods used to evaluate compatibility when the primarycompatibility tests are insufficient or inconclusive.3.1.5.1 DiscussionSuch tests are driven by
42、the critical features of a given application. For example, if the application subjects the oil to extraordinaryhigh temperature an evaluation of the onset of oxidation at various temperatures using differential scanning calorimetry to constructan Arrhenius plot may be warranted. Aniline Point might
43、be added to evaluate the relative difference in solvency characteristics.Secondary compatibility tests are suggested, but not required, by this practice.3.2.5 type and grade, nTypetype and grade refer to lubricants of the same general type such as Rust and Oxidation Inhibitedturbine oil (R)(R howeve
44、r,the compatibility of the blend is judged based on a degradation the initial oil test values.NOTE 6Some oils do not demulsify. In these cases, this test may not be relevant.7.4.5 Obtain results for Test Methods D1401, D892 and D7843 in accordance with these test procedures. If the results show ader
45、ating for the blended oil compared to the initial oils, these oils can be considered as incompatible; conclude the test and reportin accordance with Section 8. If the results are satisfactory and Tier 3 or Tier 4 level testing is to be conducted, proceed to 7.5 or7.6. If only Tier 1 and Tier 2 testi
46、ng were requested the testing can be concluded and reported in accordance with Section 8.7.5 Tier 23 TestingIf resources permit, the specified tests can be performed concurrently. Otherwise, any sequence of thesetests can be used. The properly blended oils (7.2) may be tested using the recommended T
47、ier 3 tests.7.5.1 Tier 3 testing is focused on compatibility with respect to physical and chemical properties.7.5.2 When two oils are blended having different physical properties the resultant blended oil can exhibit a change in theseproperties. Some of these changes might be expected for example if
48、 one oil has a lower viscosity, the viscosity of the mixturewill be between the values of the two individual oils. However, there can also be unexpected changes. There needs to be anagreement between the parties involved regarding the acceptable limits of any Tier 3 testing values.7.5.2.1 Tier 3 com
49、patibility tests are suggested, but not required, by this practice.7.5.3 ViscosityDetermine and record the viscosity as described in Test Method D445. or D7042.7.5.3.1 The Viscosity is considered one of the most basic and important properties of an oil. Changes in this physical propertycan affect the oils performance properties and should be considered if studying performance properties (Tier 4). The viscosity ofa turbine oil determines its ability to flow in a lubrication system and to support bearing loads, transfer heat, and operate hydrauliccontrol
