1、Designation: D7016/D7016M 14Standard Test Method toEvaluate Edge Binding Components Used in MattressesAfter Exposure to An Open Flame1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7016/D7016M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONEvaluation of raw material components is a vital and ongoing part of any manufacturing op
3、eration,especially when each item can contribute to the technical performance of the final product.Components used in a mattress construction govern the ultimate product performance, its comfort anddurability, and also affect its flammability behavior.The textile components used on the exterior of t
4、he mattressmattress tape and sewing threadarecritical for holding the structure together. These components contribute to the aesthetics of thestructure, and they are also susceptible to ignition when exposed to an open flame hazard. Data whichindicate that these two components are able to meet minim
5、um performance criteria when exposed toan open flame provides the mattress manufacturers with valuable information.The value of these data increases when the behavior of components in a small scale test correlateto the behavior of these components in a full scale mattress burn test. The performance
6、criteria requirethat: (1) the components do not support the combustion of the afterflame and, (2) that thesecomponents demonstrate post flame exposure characteristics which contribute to the retention ofstructural integrity and prevent seam rupture. This test method can be used as a quality controlt
7、echnique in a supplier quality assurance program.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the flammability character-istics of mattress edge bindings and sewing threads during andafter exposure to an open flame ignition source.1.1.1 This test method is used to evaluate these componentseither independen
8、tly or in combination for use in mattressesdesigned with a fire barrier fabric.1.1.1.1 The test method is used to evaluate mattress edgebinding and sewing thread when the design requires the use ofthese components.1.1.2 This test method can be used as a screening testmethod to determine how sewing t
9、hread and mattress edgebinding component combinations will perform.1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or subassemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire ri
10、skassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.3 Fire testing of products and materials is inherentlyhazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and propertyshall be employed in conducting these tests.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound u
11、nitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 This test method may involve hazardous
12、materials,operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitatio
13、ns prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2014. Published Janua
14、ry 2015. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D7016091. DOI:10.1520/D7016-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the st
15、andards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D204 Test Methods for Sewing ThreadsD1683 Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of WovenApparel FabricsD7138 Test Method to Determine Mel
16、ting Temperature ofSynthetic FibersD7140 Test Method to Measure Heat Transfer ThroughTextile Thermal Barrier Materials2.2 AATCC Method:3Standard Laboratory Practice for Home Laundering FabricsPrior to Flammability Testing to Differentiate BetweenDurable and Non-Durable Finishes2.3 Federal Standards:
17、4Code of Federal RegulationsTitle 16Commercial Prac-tices Chapter IIConsumer Product Safety CommissionPart 1615 Standard for the Flammability of ChildrensSleepwear; Sizes 0 through 6X, Revision of January 1,2001Code of Federal Regulations, 16 CFR 1633 Standard for theFlammability (Open Flame) of Mat
18、tress Sets2.4 NFPA Standards:5NFPA 701 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propa-gation of Textiles and Films (1999 Edition)2.5 ISO Standard:6ISO 17493 Test Method for Convective Heat ResistanceUsing a Hot Air Circulating Oven2.6 Military Standards, Commercial Item Description(CID):6A-A 55195 T
19、hread Para-Aramid, Spun, Intermediate Modu-lus; Type I Normal Performance; Type II HighPerformanceA-A 55220 Thread, Para-Aramid, Intermediate Modulus3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 afterflame, npersistent flaming of a material after theignition source has been removed.3.1.2 afterflame time, nthe
20、 length of time for which amaterial continues to flame after the ignition source has beenremoved.3.1.3 char length, n in measuring flame resistance oftextiles, the distance from the fabric edge, which is directlyexposed to the flame to the furthest point of visible fabricdamage.3.1.3.1 DiscussionCha
21、r length represents the maximumlength of a fabric specimen which can be consumed by avertical flame.3.1.4 fire barrier composite, na multilayer structure whichconsists of a non-flame resistant fabric that is secured to aflame resistant fabric.3.1.5 fire barrier fabric, na single layer structure made
22、 offibers which are either inherently flame resistant or chemicallytreated to be flame retardant.3.1.6 flame resistance, nthe property of a materialwhereby flaming combustion is prevented, terminated, orinhibited following application of a flaming or nonflamingsource of ignition, with or without sub
23、sequent removal of theignition source.3.1.7 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion.3.2 For other terms used in this test method related totextiles refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Sewing thread is evaluated for break strength before andafter exposure to air at an elevated temp
24、erature.4.2 Flame resistance of edge binding tape is determined bychar length measurements.4.3 Specimens of fire barrier fabrics which are securedusing sewing thread and edge binding tape are exposed to anopen flame to determine if seam integrity is maintained.5. Significance and Use5.1 Evaluation o
25、f raw material components is a vital andongoing part of any manufacturing operation, especially wheneach item can contribute to the technical performance of thefinal product.5.2 This test method measures the behavior of mattress edgebinding and sewing thread during and after exposure to an openflame
26、 ignition source.5.3 Flame resistance of the components used to close theperimeter of a mattress is an important factor in limiting thepotential of a bedding fire by preventing the chance for seamfailure.5.4 Data which show a correlation of behavior for both thesewing thread and edge binding tape, w
27、hen tested as asubassembly according to this test method, and also whentested using a full scale composite mattress burn test, such asCFR 1633, can provide the manufacturer with importantinformation. These data can be valuable when selecting com-ponents to be used in the manufacture of its products
28、which aredesigned to use mattress edge binding and sewing thread.5.5 The level of performance required for these componentsis (1) that they do not support the afterflame, and (2) that thesecomponents demonstrate post flame exposure characteristicswhich contribute to retaining the structural integrit
29、y of thesubassembly.5.6 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reportedresults when using this test method for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier shouldconduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statisticalbias between their laboratories. Co
30、mpetent statistical assis-tance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a3American Association of Textile Colorists and Chemists, PO Box 12215,Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.Available from American Association of TextileChemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Par
31、k, NC27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.4Government Printing Office, 732 N. Capital Street N.W., Washington, DC20401.5Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org6Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 4
32、3rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.D7016/D7016M 142minimum, the two parties should take a group of test speci-mens which are as homogeneous as possible and which arefrom a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens should then be sent to each laboratory for tes
33、ting.The average results from the two laboratories should becompared using Students t-test and an acceptable probabilitylevel chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a biasis found, either its cause must be found and corrected or thepurchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret fu
34、ture testresults with consideration to the known bias.6. Sewing Thread6.1 Using Test Method D204 determine the average initialbreak strength of the sewing thread.6.2 Using Test Method D7138, evaluate the sewing threadto confirm that the fiber does not melt when exposed to atemperature of 285 6 1C 55
35、0 6 3F.6.3 After determination that the fiber does not melt, cut sixspecimens of sewing thread to a length of 460 6 3mm1860.125 in. and suspend them in a hot air circulating oven asused in ISO 17493.6.3.1 Expose specimens for 30 minutes at a temperature of260 6 1C 500 6 3F.6.3.2 Using Test Method D2
36、04, confirm that the averagebreak strength after exposure to hot air exceeds 65 % of initialbreak strength.77. Edge Binding Tape7.1 Measure the flame resistance and char length of the edgebinding tape using the test procedure noted in Section 1615.4Code of Federal RegulationsTitle 16Commercial Prac-
37、tices Chapter IIConsumer Product Safety Commission Part1615, Standard for The Flammability of Childrens Sleepwear;sizes 0 through 6X Revision of January 1, 2001 with thefollowing modifications:7.1.1 Test specimens both as received (unwashed), and afterbeing washed five times in accordance with AATCC
38、 StandardLaboratory Practice for Home Laundering Fabrics Prior toFlammability Testing to Differentiate Between Durable andNon-Durable Finishes.7.1.2 Cut specimens the full width of the binding used tocover the edges of the mattress to a length of 300 mm 12 in.Examples: 22.5 by 300 mm 0.875 by 12 in.
39、; 31.5 by 300 mm1.25 by 12 in.; and 36.5 by 300 mm 1.43 by 12 in.7.1.2.1 Apparatus as configured in Section 1615.4 willaccommodate the listed edge bindings.7.1.3 Test ten unwashed specimens and ten washed speci-mens.7.1.3.1 Expose each of ten unwashed specimens to a 12 svertical flame impingement. S
40、pecimens shall exhibit a charlength no greater than 100 mm 4 in.7.1.3.2 Expose each of ten washed specimens to a 12 svertical flame impingement. Specimens shall exhibit a charlength no greater than 125 mm 5 in.8. Subassembly8.1 Select a fire barrier fabric which has been tested usingTest Method D714
41、0.88.1.1 Make samples using the sewing thread shown tocomply to Section 5 and edge binding tape shown to comply toSection 6.8.1.1.1 Select the edge binding tape having the appropriatewidth to enclose the edge of the two sections.8.1.2 Join two fire barrier sections. One section shall repre-sent the
42、fire barrier fabric used on the top panel of the mattress;one section shall represent the fire barrier fabric used on theside panel of the mattress.8.1.2.1 Sew the fabric sections together using the sameseam closing techniques used to manufacture mattresses.8.1.3 Samples measure a minimum of 208 6 0
43、.50 cm 80 60.75 in. in width and 50 6 0.50 cm 20 6 0.75 in. in lengthas shown in Figs. 1 and 2.8.2 Cut the samples into specimens for seam testing andopen flame resistance testing.8.2.1 For seam strength testing, before exposure to openflame test, cut five specimens in accordance with the require-me
44、nts of Test Method D1683.8.2.1.1 Test five specimens and determine average seambreak strength.8.2.2 For open flame resistance testing, cut seven specimenswith a vertical dimension of 500 6 6mm206 0.25 in anda horizontal dimension of 200 6 6mm86 0.25 in. as shownin Figs. 2 and 3. The seam with the ma
45、ttress edge bindingshould be horizontal and approximately midway between thetop and bottom edge.7The time and temperature requirements of Test Method 1534 were developedusing data originally developed by the U.S.Air Force in 1968. These data were usedto determine the melting point of synthetic fiber
46、s which would be made into yarnsfor fabrics and sewing threads and then used to manufacture protective clothingworn by military pilots, tank crew personnel, shipboard personnel, and space suitsworn by astronauts. The testing threshold used to evaluate fibers was established asa benchmark for a wide
47、array of textile products. Sewing threads which melt whenexposed to high temperatures do not demonstrate any retained break strength. Thosesewing threads which are able to withstand exposure at this elevated temperatureretain measurable strength characteristics between 65 to 85 % of the original bre
48、akstrength.8Fire barrier fabrics are made using a variety of technologies. In addition tofabrics made of inherently flame resistant fibers, these structures can be made ofmultifiber hybrids and also treated fabrics. The fabrics are manufactured as bothwoven and nonwoven structures. The synergy of th
49、e sewing thread and edge bindingtape is intended to work in conjunction with every type of fire barrier fabric whichcan be used to successfully pass the requirements of an open flame test, such as 16CFR 1633.D7016/D7016M 1438.2.3 When evaluating specimens which are made using afire barrier fabric, dress cover fabric, and foam, remove theFIG. 1 Mattress Edge Bound SampleFront ViewFIG. 2 Mattress Edge Bound SampleProfileD7016/D7016M 144foam layer except for that foam which is encapsulated by theedge binding and sewing t
