1、Designation: D 6970 03An American National StandardStandard Practice forCollection of Calcined Petroleum Coke Samples forAnalysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6970; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for the collection ofcalcined petroleum coke samples from conveyor
3、 belts ortransfer points. These samples may be used for physical andchemical analyses.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices a
4、nd determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 4702 Guide for Inspecting Crosscut, Sweep-Arm, andAuger Mechanical Coal Sampling Systems for Conform-ance with Current ASTM StandardsD 5709 Test Method of Sieve Analysis of Petroleum C
5、oke3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 accuracygenerally, a term used to indicate thereliability of a sample, a measurement, or an observation.Specifically, a measure of closeness of agreement between anexperimental result and the true value.3.1.1.1 DiscussionExamp
6、le: the observed and true sulfurcontent of a calcined petroleum coke consignment. Thismeasure is affected by chance errors as well as by bias.3.1.2 analysis samplethe reduced and divided representa-tive portion of the bulk sample, prepared for use in thelaboratory.3.1.3 gross samplea sample represen
7、ting one lot of petro-leum coke and composed of a number of increments on whichno reduction or division has been performed.3.1.4 incrementa small portion of a lot collected by oneoperation of a sampling device and normally combined withother increments from the lot to make a gross sample.3.1.5 lota
8、quantity of coke represented by a gross sample.3.1.6 representative samplea sample collected in such amanner that the size consist is the same as the lot.3.1.7 samplea quantity of petroleum coke taken from alarger quantity for the purpose of estimating properties orcomposition of the larger quantity
9、.3.1.8 sample preparationthe process that may includedrying, crushing, division, and mixing of a gross sample for thepurpose of obtaining an unbiased analysis sample.3.1.9 size consistthe particle size distribution of a mate-rial; for example, petroleum coke.3.1.10 top sizethe size of the smallest o
10、pening of onesieve of a series upon which is cumulatively retained a total ofless than 5 % of the sample. This defined top size is not to beconfused with the size of the largest particle in a lot.4. Significance and Use4.1 Data obtained from calcined petroleum coke samplesare used in commercial tran
11、sactions, controlling plant opera-tions, and allocating production costs. Use of standard sam-pling procedures facilitates the task of obtaining a sample torepresent an entire lot of calcined petroleum coke.4.2 This practice gives general procedures for the collectionof calcined petroleum coke sampl
12、es and is intended to provideuseful methodology for the collection of a sample to representa lot of calcined petroleum coke. The variety of calcined1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.
13、05 onProperties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2003. Published December 2003.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, r
14、efer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.petroleum coke handling facilities and sampling applicationspreclude the publication of detailed procedures for everysampl
15、ing situation.5. Organization of Sampling Operation5.1 Place of Sampling:5.1.1 Sample calcined petroleum coke while it is beingloaded into or unloaded from railcars, ships, barges, or trucks,or when discharged from kilns, supply bins, grab buckets, beltconveyors, or other conveying equipment. The sa
16、mple shouldbe collected as close to the point of interest as possible.5.1.2 Samples collected from the stationary surface ofcalcined petroleum coke in stockpiles, bins, railcars, trucks,ships, or barges may be unreliable because of size segregationand shall not be used for determining conformance to
17、 specifi-cations unless the purchaser and the seller agree. If it isnecessary to collect a stationary sample of calcined petroleumcoke, use a sampling method mutually acceptable to allinvolved parties.5.2 Collection of Gross Sample:5.2.1 Collect increments systematically, and with such fre-quency to
18、 produce a representative sample mutually acceptableto all involved parties.5.2.2 It is recommended the gross sample contain at leastthe required minimum number of increments as outlined inTable 1.5.2.3 The quantity of sample to be taken assumes that thetop size of the coke is 25 mm (1 in.) or less.
19、5.3 Four Conditions of Increment Collection are Recog-nized:5.3.1 Condition A (stopped-belt cut), in which a loadedconveyor belt is stopped and a full cross-section cut withparallel sides is removed from the calcined petroleum cokestream. The distance between the parallel faces shall not be lessthan
20、 three times the normal top size of the calcined petroleumcoke.5.3.2 Condition B (full-stream cut), in which a full crosssection cut is removed from a moving stream of calcinedpetroleum coke either by manual or mechanical means.5.3.3 Condition C (part-stream cut), in which a portion, nota full cross
21、 section, is removed from a moving stream ofcalcined petroleum coke.5.3.4 Condition D (stationary sampling), in which a portionof calcined petroleum coke is collected from a pile, a rail car,a barge, truck, or a shiphold.5.4 Size of Increments:5.4.1 Collect increments using a specially designed tool
22、 ormechanical device capable of taking increments of equal mass.Increments comprising a gross sample shall not weigh less than2 kg (4.4 lb) each.5.5 Quantities Represented:5.5.1 Collect a gross sample for each 2000 metric tons orfraction thereof, or in case of larger tonnage, as may bemutually agree
23、d upon by all involved parties. Practical expe-rience, however, indicates the maximum size of a lot ofcalcined petroleum coke to be represented by one gross sampleshall not exceed 15 000 metric tons (see Table 1). Separatesamples shall be taken from each lot of calcined petroleumcoke arising from a
24、different source or known to be of differentquality or size.5.6 Distribution of Increments:5.6.1 It is essential that the increments be distributedthroughout the lot to be sampled. This distribution is related tothe entire volume of the lot, not merely its surface or any lineardirection through it o
25、r over it. If circumstances prevent thesampler from applying this principle, then the lot is sampledonly in part, and the gross sample is representative only of thispart. The spacing of increments shall be varied if the possibilityexists that increment collection may get in phase with thesequence of
26、 calcined petroleum coke variability. Example:routine sampling where increment collection from a continuousstream (conveyor belt), and where increment collection isautomatic and its sequence coincides with the highs or lows inthe content of fines.6. Sampling Requirements6.1 Dimensions of Sampling De
27、viceThe opening of thesampling device shall be at least three times the top-size of thecalcined petroleum coke. For practical reasons, however, it isrecommended that the opening of any sampling device be notless than 32 mm (114 in.), regardless of the top size of thecalcined petroleum coke. The samp
28、ling device shall be ofsufficient capacity to completely retain or entirely pass theincrement without loss or spillage at the maximum flow rate ofmaterial.6.2 Movement of Sampling DeviceIn sampling from mov-ing streams of calcined petroleum coke, the sampling device,either mechanical or manual, shal
29、l be designed to minimizedisturbance of the calcined petroleum coke, thereby avoidingseparation of various densities and sizes, or both.6.3 Mechanical Sampling Devices:6.3.1 Cross-stream SamplersThe cross-stream sampler isdesigned to extract increments from falling streams of calcinedpetroleum coke
30、at the end of conveyors or at transfer pointsbetween two conveyors, or both. Increments are obtained by asingle passage of the cross-stream cutting device through thefalling stream. Cross-stream cutter speeds must be carefully setand maintained so as to prevent segregation and rejection dueto distur
31、bance of the falling stream. Cutter speeds of 454 mm/s(18 in./s) and less have been shown to produce acceptableresults. Additionally, the cutter must traverse the stream at aconstant velocity and also for each pass.6.3.2 Sweep-arm SamplersThe sweep-arm sampler is de-signed to extract increments dire
32、ctly from the conveyor sur-face. Increments are obtained by a single rotation of thesweep-arm cutting device across the moving, loaded conveyorin a path perpendicular to its material flow. Practical experi-ence indicates that the velocity with which the sweep-armcutter travels across the conveyor sh
33、all be as high as possible.The conveyor belt curvature shall be reasonably profiled toTABLE 1 Minimum Increments Required Per LotSample Lot, metric tons Number of Increments1 to 2000 152001 to 5000 205001 to 10 000 2510 001 to 15 000 30D6970032match that of the bottom of the sweep-arm cutter as it r
34、otatesacross the material flow. Any blades, brushes, or skirts fitted tothe back of the sweep-arm cutter shall be routinely inspectedand adjusted so that they maintain close contact with thesurface of the conveyor to further insure complete incrementextraction. Exercise care to ensure that only mate
35、rial collectedby the cutter is retained in the sample.6.4 Mechanical System Features:6.4.1 It is essential that mechanized systems as a whole,including sampling devices, chutes, feed conveyors, crushers,and other devices be self-cleaning and non-clogging and bedesigned in a manner that facilitates r
36、outine inspection, main-tenance, and performance testing.6.4.2 If a secondary sampler is used in conjunction with theprimary sampler (cutter), it is recommended to collect aminimum of three secondary increments per primary.6.5 Criteria of Satisfactory PerformanceA satisfactorysampling arrangement is
37、 one that produces a sample withaccuracy acceptable to all involved parties. One fundamentalcharacteristic of such an arrangement is that the size consist ofthe sample will adequately represent the true size consist of thecalcined petroleum coke. Mechanical sampling systems will beperformance tested
38、 initially and at regular intervals thereafterto determine that the sample adequately represents the calcinedpetroleum coke under the normal range of conditions expected.Performance testing can include, but is not limited to: (1)Statistically sound comparisons of sample analysis obtainedfrom the sam
39、pling system with stopped-belt samples of thesame calcined petroleum coke; (2) inspections by qualifiedpersonnel; (3) comparison of actual versus calculated incre-ment weights; and (4) comparison of the weight or volume ofcollected sample with that of the total flow of calcinedpetroleum coke to assu
40、re proper and consistent extractioncriteria. In all cases, performance testing will be conductedutilizing consistent practice and execution acceptable to allinterested parties.NOTE 1See Guide D 4702 which can serve as a reference for theinspection of mechanical sampling systems.6.6 Preservation of M
41、oistureIn cases where determina-tion of sample moisture is important, increments obtained bysampling shall be protected from changes in composition dueto exposure to rain, snow, wind, sun, contact with absorbentmaterials, extremes of temperature, and excessive air flowthrough the sampling system. Su
42、ch samples shall be stored inmoisture-tight containers. Metal cans with airtight lids, orheavy vapor-impervious bags, properly sealed, are satisfactoryfor this purpose.7. Processing of the Test Sample7.1 Since some analyses must be performed on the unpre-pared calcined petroleum coke and others on c
43、rushed orpulverized material, prior knowledge of the analytical require-ments is necessary before beginning sample preparation.7.2 Process the samples collected for sieve analysis ofcalcined petroleum coke in accordance with the proceduregiven in Test Method D 5709.7.3 Process the samples taken for
44、the determination of totalmoisture and chemical analysis in accordance with the proce-dure given in D 6969, “Draft Standard Practice for the Prepa-ration of Calcined Petroleum Coke Samples for Analysis.”8. Keywords8.1 calcined petroleum coke; sample preparation; samplingASTM International takes no p
45、osition respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsib
46、ility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to
47、ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the addre
48、ss shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D6970033
