1、Designation: D 6823 08An American National StandardStandard Specification forCommercial Boiler Fuels With Used Lubricating Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification
3、covers four grades of fuel oil made ofat least 25 % used lubricating oils. The four grades of fuel areintended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning industrialequipment and commercial boilers under various climatic andoperating conditions. These fuels are not intended for use inresidential he
4、aters.1.1.1 Grades RFC4, RFC5L, RFC5H and RFC6 are usedlubricating oil blends of increasing viscosity, with or withoutmiddle distillate or residual fuel oil, or both, that are intendedfor use in industrial burners and commercial boilers equippedto handle these types of fuels. This specification is f
5、orapplications where Specification D 6448 would not meet theperformance or other requirements of the burner or boiler inquestion.NOTE 1For information on the significance of the terminology andtest methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for
6、 the purchaseof fuel oils derived from used lubricating oil and for theguidance of consumers of such fuels. This specification doesnot address the frequency with which any particular test mustbe run.1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observanceof national or local regulations which can
7、 be more restrictive.In some jurisdictions, used oil is considered a hazardous wasteand fuels derived from used oil are required to meet certaincriteria before use as a fuel.NOTE 2For United States federal requirements imposed on used oilgenerators, transporters and transfer facilities, reprocessors
8、, marketers,and burners, see 40 CFR Part 279.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more informa-tion on the subject, see Guide D 4865.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other
9、units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4.1 ExceptionTable 1 and Table X1.1 include inch-pound values in parentheses for information only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensC
10、losed Cup TesterD95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous Materials by DistillationD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral Bomb Method)D 240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by B
11、omb CalorimeterD 396 Specification for Fuel OilsD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and FuelOils by the Extraction MethodD 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD 664 T
12、est Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude
13、 Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(High-Temperature Method)D 1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelengt
14、h Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.P0 on Recycled Petroleum Products.Current edition
15、 approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 682302.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information
16、, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Lubricants Measured by Brookfield ViscometerD 3228 Te
17、st Method for Total Nitrogen in Lubricating Oilsand Fuel Oils by Modified Kjeldahl MethodD 3245 Test Method for Pumpability of Industrial Fuel OilsD 3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density Meter
18、D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispers
19、ive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD 4629 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Petro-leum Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combus-tion and Chemiluminescence DetectionD 4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of StaticElectricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD 4868 Test Method for Estimatio
20、n of Net and Gross Heatof Combustion of Burner and Diesel FuelsD 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D 5
21、291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination ofCarbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Productsand LubricantsD 5384 Test Methods for Chlorine in Used PetroleumProducts (Field Test Kit Method)D 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of LiquidSamples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD 6160 Tes
22、t Method for Determination of PolychlorinatedBiphenyls (PCBs) in Waste Materials by Gas Chromatog-raphyD 6448 Specification for Industrial Burner Fuels from UsedLubricating OilsD 6450 Test Method for Flash Point by ContinuouslyClosed Cup (CCCFP) TesterD 7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Den
23、sity ofLiquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation ofKinematic Viscosity)2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 8217 Petroleum ProductsFuel (Class F)Specifica-tions for Marine Fuels3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.TABLE 1 Detailed Req
24、uirements for Non-Industrial Burner Fuels from Used Lubricating OilsProperties Test MethodALimitsBRFC4 RFC5L RFC5H RFC6PhysicalViscosity at 100C mm2/sCD 445min . . . . . . 5.0 9.0 15.0max . . . 50 ppm to 50 ppm and oils 50 ppm to less than 2 ppm.D68230822.3 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations:440 CFR P
25、art 761 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Manu-facturing, Processing, Distribution in Commerce, and UseProhibitions40 CFR Part 279 Standards for the Management of Used Oil2.4 US EPA Standards:5SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid WastesPhysical/Chemical MethodsSW-846 5050 Bomb Preparation Method
26、for Solid WasteSW-846 6010 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emis-sion SpectrometrySW-846 9056A Determination of Inorganic Anions by IonChromatographySW-846 9075 Test Method for Total Chlorine in New andUsed Petroleum Products by X-Ray Fluorescence Spec-trometry (XRF)SW-846 9076 Test Method for Tota
27、l Chlorine in New andUsed Petroleum Products by Oxidative Combustion andMicrocoulometrySW-846 9077 Test Methods for Total Chlorine in New andUsed Petroleum Products (Field Test Kit Methods)3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of other terms used in this specification,refer to Terminology D 4175.3.2 Def
28、initions:3.2.1 burner fuel oil, nany petroleum liquid suitable forthe generation of heat by combustion in a furnace or firebox asa vapor or a spray, or a combination of both.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDifferent grades are characterized pri-marily by viscosity ranges.3.2.2 reclaiming, nthe use of cleaning met
29、hods duringrecycling primarily to remove insoluble contaminants, thusmaking the oil suitable for further use. The methods mayinclude settling, heating, dehydration, filtration, and centrifug-ing.3.2.3 recycling, nin petroleum technology, the acquisitionof oil that has become unsuitable for its inten
30、ded use, andprocessing it in order to regain useful materials.3.2.4 re-refining, nthe use of refining processes duringrecycling to produce high quality base stocks for lubricants orother petroleum products. Re-refining may include distillation,hydrotreating, or treatments employing acid, caustic, so
31、lvent,clay, or both, or other chemicals, or a combination thereof.3.2.5 used oil, nin petroleum product recycling, oil whosecharacteristics have changed since being originally manufac-tured, and which is suitable for recycling.3.2.6 waste oil, nin petroleum technology, oil havingcharacteristics maki
32、ng it unsuitable either for further use or foreconomic recycling.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 commercial boiler, nindirect heating units whichtransfer thermal energy to water or other fluids or gases for usein heating and having a heat input between 0.3 to 10 3 106BTU/h.3
33、.3.2 industrial burner, na device which produces heatfor industrial use through the combustion of liquid hydrocar-bon fuels.3.3.2.1 DiscussionIndustrial burners are typically de-signed for one of two applications: (1) industrial furnacesintegral components of manufacturing processes that pro-vide di
34、rect heating; for example, in aggregate, cement, lime, orphosphate kilns; coke ovens; or blast, smelting, melting,refining, or drying ovens and (2) industrial boilerslargeindirect heating units which transfer thermal energy to water orother fluids or gases for use in heating in industrial settings a
35、ndin manufacturing processes. These boilers can be classified asutility/large industrial boilers with a heat input greater than 1003 106BTU/h or small industrial boilers with a heat input ofbetween 10 to 100 3 106BTU/h.3.3.3 reprocessing, nin petroleum product recycling, thepreparation of used oil t
36、o be suitable as a fuel.3.3.3.1 DiscussionReprocessing includes procedures suchas settling, filtration, blending, distillation, or chemical treat-ment.3.4 Acronyms:3.4.1 ISOInternational Organization for Standardization.3.4.2 RCRAResource Conservation and Recovery Act(United States).3.4.3 US EPAUnit
37、ed States Environmental ProtectionAgency.3.5 Abbreviations:3.5.1 CFRCode of Federal Regulations.3.5.2 IAWin accordance with.3.5.3 RFC4recycled fuel, commercial boilers, grade num-ber 4.3.5.4 RFC5Lrecycled fuel, commercial boilers, gradenumber 5 light.3.5.5 RFC5Hrecycled fuel, commercial boilers, gra
38、denumber 5 heavy.3.5.6 RFC6recycled fuel, commercial boilers, grade num-ber 6.3.5.7 SWsolid waste, SW-846 is US EPA Office of SolidWastes official compendium of analytical and sampling meth-ods for use in complying with the RCRA regulations.4. Significance and Use4.1 The intention of this specificat
39、ion is to cover fuel oilused in industrial equipment and commercial boilers as statedin the Scope section. The use of used lube oil in marine andindustrial diesel engines is a contentious issue. A major marinefuel oil specification is ISO 8217. Fuel oils manufacturedagainst this standard may also me
40、et the requirements ofISO 8217 and can be used in marine diesel engine operationsprovided compliance to ISO 8217 is demonstrated.5. Classification5.1 There are four grades of burner fuel containing recycledlubricating oils covered by this specification. These grades mayor may not correlate directly
41、with similar grades in other4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Docu-ments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401(www.gpoaccess.gov).5Available from Environmental Protection Agency, Ariel Rios Bldg., 1200Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20
42、460 (www.epa.gov). Downloadablefiles available at http:/www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/testmethods/sw846/index.htm.D6823083ASTM standards. The RFC designation identifies them asrecycled fuel oil, commercial boilers. The usage descriptions ofeach grade may not describe all the uses, but are included asg
43、eneral information. The four grades are described as follows:5.1.1 Grade RFC4Primarily a blend of used lubricatingoils and middle distillate or a reprocessed distillate productderived from used oil. It is intended for use in pressureatomizing industrial burners or commercial boilers with nopre-heati
44、ng. This grade of recycled oil fuel is used in manymedium capacity industrial burners and commercial boilerswhere ease of handling justifies the higher cost over the heavierused oil fuels.5.1.2 Grade RFC5LA blend of a used lubricating oil or areprocessed product from used oil and middle distillate o
45、rresidual fuel of intermediate viscosity heavier than RFC4. It isintended for use both in pressure-atomizing industrial burnersand commercial boilers not requiring higher cost middledistillates and in burners and commercial boilers equipped toatomize fuel oils of higher viscosity with or without pre
46、heat-ing. Its permissible viscosity range allows it to be pumped andatomized at relatively low-storage temperatures.5.1.3 Grade RFC5HA used lubricating oil and residualblend fuel, heavier than Grade RFC5L. It is intended for use inindustrial burners and commercial boilers equipped with de-vices that
47、 atomize fuel oil of higher viscosity. Preheating maybe necessary in some types of equipment for burning and incolder climates for handling.5.1.4 Grade RFC6A high-viscosity used lubricating oiland fuel heavier than Grade RFC5H. It is intended for use inlarge industrial heaters and boilers and may re
48、quire preheatingin the storage tank to permit pumping.Additional preheating atthe burner may be necessary to permit satisfactory atomization.The extra equipment and maintenance required to handle thisfuel usually preclude its use in small installations.6. General Requirements6.1 The fuel oils specif
49、ied herein shall contain a minimumof 25 % volume of used lubricating oil-derived products, thebalance being a Specification D 396 fuel oil or suitable refinerystocks.6.2 The fuel oils shall be homogeneous fluids consistingprimarily of hydrocarbons. RFC shall remain homogeneousand uniform in storage and shall not separate by gravity intolayers in normal operating conditions.NOTE 4Prolonged storage or equipment down time may necessitatecirculation of the fuel oil in-tank to prevent such separation. The buyer andseller should agree on any requiremen
