1、Designation: D 6688 01 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forRelative Resistance of Printed Matter to Liquid Chemicalsby a Sandwich Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6688; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the relativeresistance of printed matter to
3、liquid chemicals, as evidencedby lack of discoloration, bleeding, or loss of gloss.1.2 This test method utilizes a sandwich procedure similarin principle to ISO/TC 130 N 589. Spotting or immersionprocedures are covered in Test Methods D 1308, D 1647, andD 2248.1.3 This test method is applicable to p
4、rints on any flatsubstrate including paper, paperboard, metallic foil, metalplate, and plastic films, and produced by any printing processincluding letterpress, offset lithography, flexography, gravure,silk screen, and non-impact.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No ot
5、her units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility
6、of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals onClear and Pigmented Organic FinishesD 1647 Test Methods for Resistance of Dried Films ofVarnishes to Water and Alkali
7、3D 2248 Practice for Detergent Resistance of Organic Fin-ishes2.2 Other Standards:ISO/TC 130 N 589 Graphic Technology-Prints and PrintingInks-Assessment of Resistance to Various Agents43. Summary of Test Method3.1 Prints of the test and reference printing inks are eachsandwiched between filter paper
8、, which has been saturated withthe specified liquid. After the agreed upon contact times, theprints and filter paper are dried and then examined forobjectionable changes such as discoloration, bleeding, or lossin gloss. The test print is then rated as better, equal, or worsethan the reference print.
9、4. Significance and Use4.1 Many types of printed matter, notably container labels,packaging materials, magazine and book covers, must beresistant to liquid materials that may contact them advertentlyor inadvertently. This test method permits an assessment ofresistance of printed matter to several ty
10、pes of liquids.4.2 The requirement that a reference print be run at the sametime as the test print minimizes effects of atmospheric condi-tions (humidity and temperature) and other variations whichmay develop.4.3 This test method can be used to determine whether newformulations are suitable for the
11、end-use purpose and forspecification acceptance between producer and user.5. Apparatus5.1 Glass Plates, 60 by 90 mm, two for each printedspecimen (minimum four per test).5.2 Petri Dish, at least 100 mm in diameter.5.3 Weight, 1 kg.5.4 Timer, calibrated in minutes up to 24 h.5.5 Oven, capable of main
12、taining 50C.6. Materials6.1 Reference Print, of known resistance to the specified testliquid, cut to 20 3 50 mm and marked with R.6.2 Filter Paper, white neutral for qualitative analysis, witha very smooth and soft surface, cut to 60 by 90 mm. Minimumeight pieces per test. Mark four pieces with a R
13、and four pieceswith a T, for each test.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. O
14、riginallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 6688 - 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
15、 onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 Soft, Pliable Nonporous
16、 Film, such as food wrap.6.4 Test Liquid, as agreed upon between the producer anduser. See examples in Table 1.7. Hazards7.1 Some test liquids may be harmful to the skin and eyes.Wear safety glasses and protective gloves when handling suchchemicals. In case of contact, wash skin with water; flush ey
17、esfor 15 min with water and call a physician. See suppliersMaterial Safety Data Sheet for further information on eachchemical used.7.2 After testing is completed, dispose of leftover chemicalsaccording to prevailing regulations.8. Test Specimens8.1 This test method does not cover preparation of prin
18、tedsamples. The color, substrate, method of printing, and ink filmthickness shall be consistent with that of the reference print.8.2 Cut test specimens to 20 by 50 mm and mark with a T.If freshly prepared prints are utilized, wait at least 72 h beforeconducting resistance tests. Set aside at least o
19、ne specimen forcomparative purposes.8.3 Include the unprinted substrate as a blank in testsconducted with colored liquids. It may also be useful to test theunprinted substrate in cases where the print fails to remainintact.8.4 Unless otherwise specified, at least two specimens are tobe run with each
20、 test liquid.9. Procedure9.1 Unless otherwise specified, conduct tests at 23 6 2C.9.2 Pour a quantity of the test liquid into a petri dish.9.3 Take four pieces of filter paper marked T and usingforceps, immerse them completely in the liquid. Remove anddrain until no free liquid drips from the papers
21、.9.4 Place two pieces of the saturated filter paper on a glassplate, center the 20 by 50 mm specimen of test print on top ofthe filter paper, and cover with the other two pieces of saturatedfilter paper.9.5 Cover with the other glass plate and center the 1 kgweight on top of the sandwich. Set the cl
22、ock for the testduration indicated in Table 1, or as agreed upon betweenproducer and user.NOTE 1When using a highly volatile liquid such as ethyl alcohol,there is a possibility that the liquid will evaporate through the spacebetween the two glass plates that make up the sandwich. This would havethe
23、effect of reducing the amount of time the prints were in contact withthe test liquid. To avoid this, wrap the sandwich in a pliable nonporousfilm such as a food wrap, to seal off the space between the glass plates.9.6 Immediately repeat 9.3-9.5 with the reference print,using filter paper marked R. N
24、ote the elapsed time on the clock.9.7 After the specified time has elapsed, remove the printsand filter papers from the sandwiches and wash in deionizedwater. Dry the test pieces for 30 min at about 50C.NOTE 2In lieu of an oven, the intact prints and filter papers can be airdried overnight.9.7.1 Unl
25、ess otherwise specified, use the contact timesspecified in Table 1.9.8 Repeat 9.2-9.6 with a second specimen of the test andreference prints.10. Evaluation10.1 Examine the treated test print by comparison with theuntreated test print. Observe any changes, such as discolorationor loss of gloss.10.2 E
26、xamine the corresponding filter papers for staining orink transfer, or both.10.3 Repeat 10.1 and 10.2 with the reference prints.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following information forboth the test and reference prints.11.1.1 Identifying information, such as pigmentation, sub-strate, pr
27、inting process, ink film thickness.11.1.2 The liquid chemical used for the test.11.1.3 The contact duration.11.1.4 The changes observed in the treated prints and filterpapers, such as discoloration, bleeding, or loss of gloss.12. Keywords12.1 bleed resistance; chemical resistance; printed matter;pri
28、nting inksTABLE 1 Suggested Contact Times for Liquid ChemicalsLiquid Suggested Contact TimeDistilled waterLactic acid (5 %)Citric acid (1 %)Acetic acid (1 %)Hydrochloric acid (1 %)Sulfuric acid (1 %)AlcoholsOils (Vegetable, Lubricating)24 hSoap or Detergent Solution (1 %) 3 hLactic Acid (10 %)Citric
29、 Acid (5 %)1hAcetic acid (5 %) 30 min.Hydrochloric acid (5 %)Sulfuric acid (5 %)Sodium hydroxide (1 %)10 min.Wax (molten wax) 5 min.Other As agreed upon between producer and userD 6688 01 (2006)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
30、with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible te
31、chnical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider
32、ation at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr
33、Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 6688 01 (2006)3
