1、Designation: D 6540 05Standard Test Method forAccelerated Soiling of Pile Yarn Floor Covering1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6540; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the equipment, and the testmethod for assessing the propensity of pile yarn floor coveringsto soiling in th
3、e absence of abrasive wear and texture changes,using a standard synthetic soil composition.1.2 This test method is applicable for use in testing unusedpile yarn floor covering of all types. It is not applicable for usein testing used pile yarn floor covering.1.3 This test method can be used to compa
4、re the soilingpropensity of two or more carpets; or it can be used to soilcarpets as a preliminary step to other test procedures.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units given in parenthesis are forinformation only.1.5 This standard does not purport t
5、o address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Te
6、rminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textile TestingD 2906 Statements on Precision and Bias for TextilesD 5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Yarn Floor Coverings2.2 ASTM Adjunct:TEX-PAC32.3 AATCC Test Method:Evaluation Procedure 1 Gray Scale for Color Change42.4 ISO Standard
7、s:105J01 TextileTests for colour fastnessPart J01: Mea-surement of Colour and Colour Differences53. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings,D13.21, refer to Terminology D 5684.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:carpet, finished, finished pile yar
8、n floor covering, floor cover-ing, pile, pile lay, pile yarn floor covering, soiling, textile floorcovering, tufted fabric, use-surface.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The carpet test specimens are secured to a backing sheetth
9、at is mounted inside the drum with the pile surface exposed,and are subjected to an accelerated soiling process. The degreeof soiling is measured or assessed by comparing the change incolor between soiled and original pile yarn floor covering,using a measurement device or visually matching the diffe
10、r-ences on the light-dark axis of Jumbo Gray Scales.NOTE 1Differentiation between test samples is significantly reducedwhen Jumbo Gray Scales are used.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method may be used to soil test specimens inthe absence of abrasive wear and texture changes undercontrolled con
11、ditions using a standard synthetic soil, or as apreliminary step to other procedures.5.2 This test method will provide a uniformly soiled testspecimen to evaluate, is reproducible (see section 11), and iseconomical for Testing Laboratories.5.3 This test method has been found to give results similart
12、o the actual floor service soiling, but its use is recommendedonly as a screening test method and not as a replacement forfloor testing.5.4 The acceptance criteria of this test method shall be setby mutual agreement between the purchaser and supplier.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofAST
13、M Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Yarn FloorCoverings.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 654000.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM w
14、ebsite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The PC program on floppy disks for analyzing Committee D13 interlaboratorydata are available from ASTM. Requ
15、est ADJ:D2904.4Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, POBox 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.5Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute, 11 West 42ndStreet, 18thFloor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
16、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Hexapod Tumble Tester6.1.1 DrumConstructed of molded PVC and is capped bya lid that is secured. The drum base and lid have a locatinggroove to hold the specimen backing sheet flat to the inner wallof the drum. The drum
17、dimensions are:Internal Diameter 305 6 1mm (126 0.04 in.)Wall Thickness 8 mm approx. (0.03 in. approx.)Internal Depth 200 6 1mm (7.96 0.04 in.)6.1.2 Driving SystemCradles the drum on rollers andkeeps the axis of the drum level, rotates at 0.6 6 0.03 r/s (356 2 rpm). The driving system reverses every
18、 15 min withapproximately one minute stationary time.6.2 Specimen Backing Sheetis a polyethylene sheet 950by 215 by 2 mm (37.4 by 8.5 by 0.08 in.)6.3 Tapedouble sided pressure sensitive adhesive, 50 mm(2.0 in.) width.6.4 Cleaning FrameArectangular frame 1000 by 300 mm(39.4 by 11.8 in.) with a centra
19、l rectangular aperture 940 by200 mm (37.0 by 7.9 in.) to receive the test specimen, ofmaterial similar in construction to the test specimen andmounted on a backing sheet.6.5 Vacuum Cleanerupright type, with a rotating brushand beater bar, unless this type of apparatus is not recom-mended by the manu
20、facturer of the pile floor covering undertest, in that case the appropriate recommended device shouldbe used.6.6 Mixing Containera wide mouth container such as aStandard Mill jar.6.7 Polymer Pelletspolyamide polymer pellets having amaximum size of 7 6 2 mm (0.27 6 0.08 in.)6.8 Chrome Alloy Steel Bal
21、ls (Ball Bearings)with a 9.5 60.02 mm (0.37 6 0.01 in.) diameter.6.9 Standard Soiling Compound6A soiling compound,such as AATCC synthetic soil formula, which is compatiblewith the equipment.6.10 Control Pile Yarn Floor Coveringan internal stan-dard light colored carpet of known specifications used a
22、s areference for each test evaluation.6.11 Color Measurement EquipmentAcolor measurementdevice with a 50 6 0.5 mm (2.0 6 0.2 in.) aperture, capable ofmeasuring the color of pile yarn floor covering and expressingthe results in Delta E (dE) or Delta L (dL).6.12 Jumbo Gray Scalesstandard gray scales u
23、sed tovisibly assess change in color of pile yarn floor covering as perAATCC Procedure 1.6.13 Templateto be the same size as the test specimenwith 3 holes of the same dimensions as the measuring head ofthe color measuring device. See Fig. 1.6.14 Magnetcapable of attracting and holding severalchrome
24、alloy steel balls at one time.7. Sampling, and Preparation of Soiled Pellets, Sampling,and Test Specimens7.1 Preparation of Soiled Polyamide Polymer Pellets7.1.1 Place 3.0 g of the standard soiling compound (seesection 6.9) and 1000 g of polyamide polymer pellets (seesection 6.7ute) in the mixing co
25、ntainer. Secure the lid and placethe mixing container on the driving system for 10 minutes,reverse direction and continue for an additional 10 min, for atotal of 20 min to ensure a homogeneous mixture of the soiland polyamide polymer pellets.NOTE 2To simulate particular use areas, it may be necessar
26、y to adjustthe type and/or quantity of soiling compound and document the change inthe written report.NOTE 3If large quantities of soiled pellets are prepared, that is morethan 2000 g, they shall be kept in an airtight container to ensure no lossof moisture from the mixture occurs, and the supply sha
27、ll not be allowedto dwindle below 25 % of the original quantity.NOTE 4This Test Method was developed using AATCC syntheticsoiling compound and if another soiling compound is used the amount ofsoil used to prepare the soiled polymer pellets must be adjusted.7.2 Ensure the inside of the drum and chrom
28、e alloy steelballs are clean.7.3 Size of Test Specimens7.3.1 Cut a minimum of two test specimens per pile yarnfloor covering, measuring a minimum of 125 6 1 mm (5.0 60.04 in.) in the direction of manufacture by 205 6 2 mm (8.006 0.08 in.) wide. Mark an arrow in the direction of the pile layon the ba
29、ck of the test specimen. All test specimens shall beconditioned (clause 8.1), flat singly, and with use-surfaceuppermost, for a minimum of 24 h.7.4 Specimen Attachment7.4.1 To the specimen backing sheet (see section 6.2) attachdouble sided pressure sensitive adhesive tape (see section 6.3)at each ed
30、ge, across the ends and at each junction of the testspecimen. Mount the test specimens and internal standardcarpet with the use surface uppermost, allowing a 5 6 1mm(0.20 6 0.04 in.) gap at each end and 8 6 1 mm (0.31 6 0.04in.) between test specimens to allow for the test specimen to6Prepared soils
31、 are available from Textile Innovations Corporation, P.O. Box 8,Windsor NC 27983. Telephone 252-794-9703FIG. 1 Example of a Suitable Template for Color MeasurementD6540052remain attached when the specimen backing sheet is curved tofit the internal circumference of the drum. Check to ensure thateach
32、test specimen is in the direction of manufacture, and in thecase of cut pile, that the pile lay is in the same direction.All testspecimens shall fit flat to the specimen backing sheet when itis curved to the inside drum diameter. If the test specimens arenot secured properly adjust the test specimen
33、s accordingly.When test specimens of differing thickness are tested together,the difference in thickness of the adjacent test specimens shallnot exceed 1 mm (0.04 in.).7.4.2 Remove loose fiber from the test specimens with avacuum cleaner (see 6.5), using a total of four strokes, twoagainst and two w
34、ith the direction of the pile at an approximatespeed of 300 mm/s (12 in/s)8. Conditioning8.1 Bring the test specimens to moisture equilibrium fortesting in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, ap-proaching equilibrium from the dry side without heat. Deter-mine that moisture equilibrium for
35、testing has been attained asdirected in Practice D 1776.9. Procedure9.1 If using color measurement equipment for assessment,locate the measuring template (see section 6.13) on the testspecimen and, using the color measuring device (see section6.11) measure the color of the test specimen in three (3)
36、 places.Record these values.9.2 Fit the mounted test specimens into the clean drum,ensuring that the backing sheet fits tightly and lies smoothlyaround the internal circumference.9.3 Place 1000 6 2.0 g of clean chrome alloy steel balls (seesection 6.8), and 250 6 0.2 g of soiled polyamide polymerpel
37、lets (see section 7.1.1) into the drum (see section 6.1.1) andsecure the lid.9.4 Place the drum on the driving system (see section 6.1.2),start the machine and allow the drum to rotate for 30 min.When the test is completed remove the drum from the cradleand set it upright.9.5 Remove the backing shee
38、t with the test specimens andcarefully clean the test specimens by suction using the vacuumcleaner to remove the loose surface soil and fiber, using a totalof four strokes (two against the direction of the pile lay and twowith). In the case of cut pile carpets, ensure that the last strokeof the vacu
39、um is against the lay of the pile.9.6 Using the magnet (see section 6.14) remove the chromealloy steel balls from the drum.9.7 With a vacuum cleaner, remove the used soil polyamidepolymer pellets from the inside of the drum. Clean the inside ofthe drum with a damp cloth.9.8 Repeat steps 9.1-9.7 for
40、the second test specimen.10. Assessment10.1 Using the measuring template and the color measuringequipment measure the color of the soiled test specimens in thesame three (3) places on each test specimen. Calculate themean color differences (dE) or mean light difference (dL)between the original and s
41、oiled test specimens according to thefollowing formulae:dE 5 =Lo2 Ls!21ao2 as!21bo2 bs! (1)or dL = LoLsWhere Lo,Ao, and boare the mean co-ordinates of theoriginal test specimenand Ls,As, and bsare the mean color co-ordinates of thesoiled test specimen10.2 To assess the level of soiling other than by
42、 the colormeasuring equipment (see section 6.11) the Jumbo Gray Scales(see section 6.12) shall be used. Three operators shall visuallyassess the color difference between the soiled test specimenand the original test specimens in accordance with AATCCProcedure 1.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Precision11
43、.1.1 An inter-laboratory study of this Test Method wasconducted using two Laboratories and five test items of variouspile yarns. Each laboratory had two operators, each operatortested all test specimens provide on two separate days.11.1.2 The results of the inter-laboratory study are shown inTable 1
44、. The statistics were prepared using the TEX-PACpackage.11.1.3 Interlaboratory Test DataAn interlaboratory studyconsisted of 5 test carpets of various pile fibre, and construc-tion. Two laboratories participated with two operators conduct-ing two tests, three readings per test specimen using theelec
45、tronic device as well as the Jumbo Gray Scales. Theinterlaboratory test was conducted on two separate days.11.1.4 Components of VarianceThe components of vari-ance shown as variances and the square root of the variances(to show appropriate units of measure) are listed in Tables 1and 2.11.1.5 Precisi
46、on ParametersFor the components of vari-ance reported in Tables 1 and 2, two averages of observedvalues should be considered significantly different at the 95 %probability level if the difference equals or exceeds the criticaldifferences listed in Tables 3 and 4.NOTE 5The tabulated values of the cri
47、tical differences should beconsidered to be a general statement, particularly with respect to between-laboratory precision.NOTE 6Because the interlaboratory test included less than fivelaboratories, estimates of between-laboratory precision may be eitherTABLE 1 Components of Variance for Jumbo Gray
48、ScaleExpressed as Variances and Standard DeviationsAVariance Component AsVarianceAs =VGray ScaleMaterial .0887 .2978Laboratory 0 0Material-times-laboratoryinteraction 0.0038 .0616Operators within laboratory .0007 .0265Materials-times-operatorinteraction within laboratories 0 0Specimens within materi
49、als,laboratories, and operators .0236 .1536AThe square roots of the components of variance are being reported to expressthe variability in the appropriate units of measure rather than as the squares ofthose units of measure.D6540053underestimated or overestimated to a considerable extent and should beused with special caution.11.2 Bias11.2.1 The procedure in this test method for acceleratedsoiling of pile floor covering contains no know bias other thanthose noted.12. Test Report12.1 State that the test was conducted as directed in TestMethod D 6540.12.
