1、Designation: D6351 10 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forDetermination of Low Temperature Fluidity and Appearanceof Hydraulic Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6351; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the fluidity and appearance ofhydraulic fluids after storage at low
3、 temperature.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionIn 6.1.1, the material is designated in cStas this is the common name used for this type of oil.1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by manyregula
4、tory agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, orits vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety D
5、ata Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAswebsitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor addi-tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercuryand/or mercury containing products into your state or countrymay be prohibited by law.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con
6、cerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see 1.3 and Section 6.2. Referenced Documents2.1
7、 ASTM Standards:2D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid FuelsD6080 Practice for Defining the Viscosity Characteristics ofHydraulic FluidsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A
8、fter preliminary drying to remove trace amounts ofwater, the sample is cooled to a specified temperature. Afterseven consecutive days, the sample is examined for its abilityto flow and observed for homogeneity.4. Significance and Use4.1 The temperature at which a lubricant remains fluid andhomogeneo
9、us after seven days is an index of its ability towithstand prolonged exposure to cold temperature. With veg-etable oils and some synthetic esters, it is necessary to doextended cold storage testing. Quick cool, short-term tests,such as Test Methods D97 and D2500, do not adequatelypredict the tendenc
10、y to solidify over longer time spans at coldtemperatures.4.2 This test method is not intended to indicate coldtemperature pumpability performance. A separate assessmentof viscometric performance should be made in order to assesscold flow properties, which are important in order to avoidsystem damage
11、 in cold temperature applications. Suitableguidelines for such testing and test temperatures for variousviscosity grades can be found in Practice D6080.4.3 No specific temperature of measurement is given in thistest method because fluids with different viscosity grades havedifferent cold temperature
12、 performance expectations. For guid-ance on temperature selection relative to an intended lowtemperature viscosity grade or ISO VG, consult PracticeD6080. As an example of using Practice D6080, a L22viscosity grade would be evaluated at the lowest temperaturefor that grade, namely 22.9 C. Alternativ
13、ely, a fluid can beevaluated at the lowest temperature expected for field service.5. Apparatus5.1 Test Jar, cylindrical, of clear glass, flat bottom, 115 mmto 125 mm in height. The inside diameter of the jar can rangefrom 30.0 mm to 32.4 mm, with a wall thickness of 1.6 mmmaximum. The jar shall have
14、 a line to indicate a sample height54 mm 6 3 mm above the inside bottom.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.Current edition approved June 15, 20
15、16. Published July 2016. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D6351 10. DOI:10.1520/D6351-10R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informati
16、on, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 Thermometers, having ranges shown below and con-forming to the requirements prescribed in Specification E1.Thermom
17、eter TemperatureRangeThermometer NumberASTM IPHigh cloud and pour 38 C to +50 C 5C 1CLow cloud and pour 80 C to +20 C 6C 2CMelting Point +32 C to 127 C 61C 63C5.2.1 Since separation of liquid column thermometers occa-sionally occurs, thermometers should be checked visuallyimmediately prior to the te
18、st.5.3 Cork, to fit the test jar.5.4 Bath, either an air or liquid bath maintained at theprescribed temperature with a firm support to hold the samplejars vertical. The required bath temperature shall be maintainedby refrigeration to within 61 C of the prescribed temperature.6. Reagents and Material
19、s6.1 Liquid for temperature reference jar. The followingmaterials are examples of suitable media that remain clearliquids at low temperature and in which the thermometer canbe placed.6.1.1 2 cSt, Polyalphaolefin.6.1.2 Alcohol, Ethanol. (WarningFlammable.)7. Procedure7.1 Pour the specimen into the te
20、st jar to the level mark.7.2 To remove trace amounts of water, preheat the sample to100 C for 30 min, then cover loosely and allow the sample tocool for 30 min. If the hydraulic fluid is water based, forexample a water-glycol fluid, this drying step is to be omitted.7.3 Close the test jar with the c
21、ork.7.4 Prepare a temperature reference jar in accordance with7.1 with a liquid that will remain fluid at the selected testtemperature. Insert a thermometer through a centrally boredcork so that it fits tightly and is coaxial and the bulb isimmersed so that the beginning of the capillary is 3 mm bel
22、owthe surface of the liquid.7.5 Place the test jar and temperature reference jar in thebath. Be sure the sample is totally immersed in the coolingbath, paying particular attention if a liquid bath is used.7.6 Keep the samples in the bath for 168 consecutive hours.7.7 Record the temperature of the th
23、ermometer in thereference jar prepared in accordance with 7.4 just beforeexamining the samples in accordance with 7.8.7.8 After 168 h, immediately examine the samples. Hold thejar in a horizontal position for 5 s and observe whether thesample flows. Note the presence of any crystals, particles, orse
24、paration and the appearance of the specimen.8. Report8.1 Report the fluidity and condition of the sample at theend of the test period as follows:8.1.1 If the sample flows under the condition in 7.8, reportfluidity as: Fluid at (temperature of test).8.1.2 If the sample does not flow under the conditi
25、ons in 7.8,report fluidity as: Not fluid at (temperature of test).8.1.3 Report the presence of any crystals or particles in thesample or separation of the sample.8.1.4 Report the appearance of the sample at the testtemperature as: Clear, Haze Present,orOpaque.9. Precision and Bias9.1 No statement ca
26、n be made yet about the precision of thistest method for measuring the fluidity or particle formingtendency of a lubricant specimen since a round robin iscurrently being conducted.9.2 There are no criteria for measuring bias in these test-product combinations, so no statement of bias can be made.10.
27、 Keywords10.1 hydraulic fluid; low temperature appearance; low tem-perature fluidity; vegetable oilASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that deter
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30、 your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (
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