1、Designation: D6214/D6214M 98 (Reapproved 2013)1Standard Test Method forDetermining the Integrity of Field Seams Used in JoiningGeomembranes by Chemical Fusion Methods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6214/D6214M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear
2、of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was editorially corrected in June 2013.1. Sco
3、pe1.1 This test method covers an accelerated, destructive testmethod for geomembranes in a geotechnical application.1.2 This test is applicable to field fabricated geomembranesthat are scrim reinforced or non reinforced.1.3 This test method is applicable for field seaming pro-cesses that use a chemi
4、cal fusion agent or bodied chemicalfusion agent, as the seaming mechanism.1.4 Subsequent decisions as to seam acceptance criteria aremade according to the site-specific contract plans, specificationand CQC/CQA documents.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded s
5、eparately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.6 Hazardous MaterialsAlways consult the proper Ma-terial Safety D
6、ata Sheets for any Hazardous materials used forproper ventilation and protection. The use of the oven in thistest method may accelerate fume production from the testspecimen.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibil
7、ity of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applicableof regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D413 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyAdhesion to Flex-ible SubstrateD638 Test Method for Tensile Proper
8、ties of PlasticsD751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics2.2 ANSI/NSF Standard:ANSI/NSF Standard 5433. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bodied chemical agent, na chemical f
9、luid containinga portion of the parent geomembrane polymer, that dissolvesthe surface of the geomembrane to be bonded.3.1.2 bodied-chemical fusion seams, nuse of a bodiedchemical agent to dissolve the surfaces of the geomembrane forbonding.3.1.2.1 DiscussionHeat and pressure are commonly usedas part
10、 of the bodied chemical fusion process.3.1.3 chemical agent, na chemical fluid that dissolves thesurface of the geomembrane to be bonded.3.1.4 chemical fusion seams, nuse of a chemical agent todissolve the surface of the geomembrane for bonding.3.1.4.1 DiscussionHeat and pressure are commonly usedas
11、 part of the chemical fusion process.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-branes.Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition
12、 approved in 2008 as D621498 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/D6214_D6214M-98R13E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AST
13、M website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2 For other terms refer to Terminology D4439.4.
14、 Significance and Use4.1 SignificanceThe increased use of geomembranes asbarrier materials to restrict fluid migration from one location toanother in various applications, and the various types ofseaming methods used in joining geomembrane sheets, hascreated a need to standardize tests by which the
15、various seamscan be compared and the quality of the seam systems can beevaluated. This test method is intended to meet such a need.4.2 UseAccelerated seam test provides information as tothe status of the field seam. Data obtained by this test methodshould be used with site-specific contract plans, s
16、pecificationand CQC/CQA documents. This test method is useful forspecification testing and for comparative purposes, but doesnot necessarily measure the ultimate strength that the seammay acquire.5. Apparatus5.1 A testing machine of the constant-rate-of-cross head-movement type comprising essentiall
17、y of the following:5.1.1 Fixed MemberA fixed or essentially stationarymember carrying one grip.5.1.2 Movable MemberA movable member carrying asecond grip.5.1.3 GripsGrips for holding the test specimen betweenthe fixed member and the movable member and minimizesboth slippage and uneven stress distrib
18、ution. The grips shall beself-aligning so that they shall be attached to the fixed andmovable member, respectively, in such a manner that they willmove freely into alignment as soon as any load is applied, sothat the long axis of the test specimen will coincide with thedirection of the applied pull
19、through the center line of the gripassembly.NOTE 1Grips lined with thin rubber, crocus-cloth or pressure-sensitive tape as well as file-faced or serrated grips have been successfullyused for many materials. The choice of grip surface will depend on thematerial tested, thickness, etc.5.1.4 Drive Mech
20、anismA drive mechanism for impartingto the movable member in uniform, controlled velocity withrespect to the stationary member. Unless otherwise specified inthe material specification, the mechanism shall be capable ofand adjusted so that the movable member shall have a uniformspeed of 50 mm/min, 2
21、in./min, 300 mm/min 12 in./min,and 500 mm/min 20 in./min.5.1.5 Load IndicatorA suitable load-indicating mecha-nism capable of showing the total tensile load carried by thetest specimen when held by the grips. This mechanism shall beessentially free of inertia lag at the specified rate of testing and
22、shall indicate the load with an accuracy of 61 % of theindicated value or better.5.1.6 Extension Indicator (Extensometer) (If Employed)Asuitable instrument shall be used for determining the distancebetween two designated points within the gage length of thetest specimen as the specimen is stretched
23、and shall conform torequirements specified in Test Method D638.5.2 OvenAn oven of sufficient size to hold a rack contain-ing at least three 30 cm 12 in. wide test strip samples foraccelerated curing is necessary. The oven should be a forcedconvection oven and must be capable of maintaining a tem-per
24、ature of 50C 122F 6 3C 6F for at least 16 h.5.3 RockA rack for holding and positioning the test striphorizontally or vertically in an oven is necessary. The samplesmust be separated from one another so that the air is free tomove completely around the samples without obstruction toallow for dissipat
25、ion of vapors.6. Materials6.1 The geomembrane material (reinforced or non rein-forced) shall be capable of being bonded to itself by one of themethods described in Section 3 according to the geomembranemanufacturers recommendations and instructions.7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units7.1 Tria
26、l Seam SampleA representative seam from eachseaming crew, fabricated from the same sheet material, andusing the same seaming methods as those recommended by thegeomembrane frabricator, installer or sheet manufacturer, or allof these, will be used for this test method.7.1.1 The trial seam sample shal
27、l be no loss than 3 m 10 ftin length for this method.7.1.2 For non reinforced geomembranes, cut five, 25 mm 1in. wide specimens for shear and five, 25 mm 1 in. widespecimens for peel testing from the trial seam sample after thesample has been cured in accordance with Section 8.7.1.3 For reinforced g
28、eomembranes, cut five, 100 mm 4in. wide specimens for shear and five, in 25 mm 1 in. widespecimens for peel testing from the trial seam sample after thesample has been cured in accordance with Section 8.7.1.4 Frequency of trial seams and sampling locationswithin trial seams should be determined in a
29、ccordance with thesite-specific contract documents.7.2 Field Seam SampleCut a 300 mm 12 in. long nonreinforced or a 1200 mm 48 in. long reinforced section of thefabricated seam from the installed lining for this test method.7.2.1 For non reinforced geomembranes cut five, 25 mm 1in. wide specimens fo
30、r shear and five, 25 mm 1 in. widespecimens for peel testing from the field seam sample after thesample is cured in accordance with Section 8.7.2.2 For reinforced geomembranes cut five, 100 mm 4 in.wide specimens for shear and five, 25 mm 1 in. widespecimens for peel testing from the field seam samp
31、le after thesamples is cured in accordance with Section 8.NOTE 2Specimens that will be subjected to peel and shear test shallbe alternately selected from the sample and labeled as shown in Fig. 1.7.3 The field seam sample should be wide enough 30 cmapproximately 12 in. to accommodate peel and shear
32、testingas in 9.1 and 9.2.7.4 Allow the field seam sample to cure or age properly (seeSection 8) before testing.7.5 Field seam sample sizes may be modified according tothe site-specific contract plans, specification and CQC/CQAdocuments.D6214/D6214M 98 (2013)127.6 Location, frequency and patching req
33、uirements for fieldscam sample areas are determined in accordance with site-specific contract documents.7.7 Values, nThe values stated in either SI units orinch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system
34、shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.8. Conditioning and Curing8.1 Test Method A: Standard CuringFor lab curing,samples are to be conditioned for a minimum of 40 h atstandard atmosphere for testing geosynthetic
35、s of a relativehumidity between 50 to 70 % and a temperature of 21 6 2C70 6 4F. For field testing applications the ambient tempera-ture and humidity shall be recorded, conditioning and test shallbe performed at a minimum of 18C 65F air temperature.8.2 Test Method B: Accelerated CuringSamples are to
36、bequick cured by placing the samples into an air oven at 50 62C 122F 6 4F for 16 6 2h. Samples to be conditioned atambient temperatures for approximately 1 h prior to placing inoven.8.3 Test Method C: Accelerated CuringSamples are to bequick cured by placing the samples into an air oven at 70 62C 15
37、8 6 4F for 4 h minimum (5 h maximum). Samples tobe conditioned at ambient temperature for approximately 1 hprior to placing in oven.NOTE 3Heavier gages of material (that is, 60 mil and up) may requirelonger time frames to quick cure. User should evaluate the results toensure a proper weld is achieve
38、d. If not, this test method is not to be usedand refer to Test Method B.NOTE 4Method of curing shall be chosen in accordance with thesite-specific contract documents.8.4 The samples are placed either horizontally on racks orvertically suspended so that the strips are supported in amanner where the a
39、ir is free to move completely around thesamples without obstruction.9. Destructive Test Methods9.1 Peel TestingUse Method A of Test Method D413using a minimum of five 25 mm 1 in. wide specimens, withthe grips positioned no less than 13 mm 0.5 in on either sideof the start of seam bond, and a constan
40、t cross head speed of 50mm/min 2 in./min. The seams overlap length shall be asfabricated in the field. Fully support the test specimen withinthe grips across the width of the specimen.9.2 Shear Testing:9.2.1 Non Reinforced Sheet MaterialsFollow Test MethodD882 using a minimum of five 25 mm 1 in. wid
41、e specimensfor non reinforced materials. Grip separation at the beginningof the test should be 50 mm 2 in. plus the seam width. Theseam is to be centered between the clamps, and cross headspeed shall be 500 6 0.2 mm/m 20 6 0.5 in./min.9.2.2 Reinforced Sheet MaterialsThe following procedureas outline
42、d in Test Method D751 and modified in ANSI/NSFStandard 54 shall be used: prepare a minimum of 5 to 100 mm4 in. wide specimens for reinforced sheet materials with thefield seams at the center of the test specimen and perpendicularto the center line. Grip separation at the beginning of the testshall b
43、e 150 mm 6 in. plus the seam width. The seam is to becentered between the clamps. Cross head speed should be 3006 0.2 mm/min 12 6 0.5 in/min. The clamped width for eachgrip should be 25.4 mm 1 in.9.3 Record the maximum load applied to the specimen atbreak or separation.NOTE 5The term at break in rei
44、nforced materials applies to the pointat which scrim is visible across the specimen.10. Procedure10.1 Sample Preparation and Incubation:10.1.1 Obtain sample in accordance with Section 7.10.1.2 If using accelerated curing methods, place sample(s)into oven (oven requirements in accordance with Section
45、 8).10.1.3 Remove sample(s) from oven, condition sample(s) atambient temperature of field conditions for 30 min. (See Note4.)10.1.4 Cut specimens from samples in accordance withSection 7.10.1.5 Test specimens in accordance with Section 9.NOTE 6Ambient temperatures may vary in field applications. All
46、variances should be recorded on final records or per job specification.Decisions of variance are made according to the site-specific contractplans, specification and CQC/CQA documents.11. Report11.1 Report at a minimum the following information:11.1.1 Complete identification of the geomembrane syste
47、m,including type of polymer, and thickness, reinforced or non-reinforced sheeting, sample location, sample identification,seaming method, ambient and membrane temperatures.11.2 Suggested other parameters to be included in thereport:FIG. 1 Seam SampleD6214/D6214M 98 (2013)1311.2.1 Complete identifica
48、tion of the sampling procedureand conditioning method but not limited to the sample type,sample location, sample identification, seaming technique,seam width, and date of fabrication of field seams, fabricatoridentification, and curing method used.11.2.2 Type of tensile machine used, grip separation
49、, crosshead speed, grip surface texture, grip dimensions, and grippressure.11.2.3 Type of failure in the peel and shear tests, that is,within the chemical fusion system, within the sheet material,clamp edge, or seam edge, for each individual specimen.12. Precision and Bias12.1 No statement is made about either the precision or biasof this test method since it merely refers to available destruc-tive test methods that could be used in determining the qualityof bonded
