1、Designation: D6140 00 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method toDetermine Asphalt Retention of Paving Fabrics Used inAsphalt Paving for Full-Width Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adop
2、tion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining theasphalt retention
3、 for paving fabrics. Paving fabrics are used ina fabric membrane interlayer system in pavements before theplacement of an asphaltic overlay.1.2 This test method shows the values in both SI units andinch-pound units. SI Units is the name for the system of metricunits known as the International System
4、 of Units. Inch-poundunits is the correct name for the customary units used in theUnited States. The values in inch-pound units are provided forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the us
5、er of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD3381 Specification for Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Cementfor Use in Pavement
6、 ConstructionD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD 4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elonga-tion of Geotextiles3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 asphalt retention, nthe volume of asphalt cementretained by paving fabrics per unit area of specimen aftersubmersion in asphalt cement.3.1.2 atm
7、osphere for testing geotextiles, n air maintainedat a relative humidity of 50 to 70 % and a temperature of 21 62C (70 6 4F).3.1.3 paving fabrics, ngeotextile used for paving applica-tions.3.2 For definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles,refer to Terminology D4439. For definitions of other
8、termsrelating to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test specimens are individually weighed prior to beingsubmerged in an asphalt cement that will be used for theoverlay. The asphalt cement is maintained at a specifiedtemperature. After submerging the specimens in the a
9、sphaltcement test, the specimens are hung to drain in the oven for aspecified period of time at the same oven temperature.4.2 Upon completion of specimen submersion in asphalt,and draining, the individual specimens are weighed and asphaltretention is determined.5. Significance and Use5.1 The asphalt
10、 retention is a test procedure for full-widthpaving fabrics. The use of this test method is to establish anindex value by providing standard criteria and a basis foruniform reporting.5.2 This procedure is applicable for testing conditionedspecimens (see 8.1). The results obtained may vary, depending
11、on which type of asphalt cement is used for the test. Unlessstated otherwise, useA.C. 20 as defined in Specification D3381or equivalent asphalt cement.5.3 This procedure is applicable whenever it is desired todetermine an index asphalt retention of paving fabric.5.4 If it becomes necessary for the p
12、urchaser and the sellerto use this test method for acceptance testing, the statisticalbias, if any, between the purchasers and sellers laboratories1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD35.03 on Perme-ability
13、 and Filtration.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D614000(05). DOI:10.1520/D6140-00R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceas
14、tm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.should be determined. Such comparison is to be based onspeci
15、mens randomly drawn from the sample of geotextilebeing evaluated.6. Apparatus6.1 Scale or Balance, with a capacity and sensitivity suffi-cient to weigh the specimens to within 60.1 grams. Theaccuracy of the scale should be certified by a recognizedauthority.6.2 Cutting Die or Cutting Template, measu
16、ring 100 by 200mm (4 by 8 in.) with a tolerance of 61mm(116 in.) in eachlinear dimension.6.3 Mechanical Convection Oven, capable of maintainingthe required test temperature within 62C (4F).6.4 Asphalt Cement, viscosity Grade A.C.20, or equivalent,as recommended by the specifying agency.6.4.1 Asphalt
17、 cement should not be used for more than threeseries of tests. Repeated heating and cooling may change thetest results due to handling of the asphalt.NOTE 1Repeated heating and cooling of the asphalt can change theviscosity of the asphalt and lead to higher values of asphalt retention. If anincreasi
18、ng trend in asphalt retention values is observed the asphalt cementshould be changed.7. Sampling and Test Specimens7.1 As a lot sample for acceptance testing, take at randomthe number of rolls of fabric directed in an applicable materialspecification or other agreement between the purchaser and thes
19、upplier. Consider rolls of fabric to be the primary samplingunits. If the specification requires sampling during manufac-ture, select the rolls for the lot sample at uniformly spaced timeintervals throughout the production period.7.2 Take for the laboratory sample, a sample extending thefull width o
20、f the fabric of sufficient length along the selvagefrom each sample roll such that the requirements of 8.1 aremet. The sample shall exclude material from the outer wrap ofthe roll or the inner wrap around the core unless the sample istaken at the production site, at which point inner and outerwrap m
21、aterial may be used.7.3 Test SpecimensCut four specimens in the cross-machine direction and four specimens in the machine directionfrom each sample.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the specimens by bringing them to approxi-mate moisture equilibrium in the standard atmosphere fortesting.8.1.1 Equilibrium
22、 is considered to have been reached whenthe increase in weight of the specimen in successive weighingmade at intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1 % ofthe weight of the specimen.8.2 Paving fabrics that are not significantly affected byminor variations in atmospheric conditions may be te
23、sted inprevailing room atmospheres.8.3 If the samples cannot be properly conditioned in areasonable time with the facilities available, perform the testdeterminations on the material without conditioning. Whentests are carried out under conditions which vary from thestandard, report the actual condi
24、tions prevailing at the time oftest. It must be recognized that such results may not correspondwith the results obtained from testing specimens conditionedand tested in the standard atmosphere for testing.9. Preparation of Test Specimens9.1 Prepare the specimens in accordance with Test MethodD 4632.
25、10. Procedure10.1 Select at random four machine direction and fourcross-machine direction specimens measuring 100 by 200 mm(4 by 8 in.) from the individual test sample.10.2 Condition the individual test specimens in accordancewith 8.1, and then individually weigh to the nearest 0.1 g.10.3 Preheat as
26、phalt cement to 135 6 2C (2756 4F).10.4 Then submerge the individual test specimens in thespecified asphalt cement maintained at a temperature of 135 62C (275 6 4F) in a mechanical convection oven. Keep thespecimens submerged for 30 min. Two clamps may be placedon the fabric, one on each end to faci
27、litate handling thespecimen.10.5 After the required submersion, remove the asphaltcement-coated, saturated test specimens and hang to drain(long axis vertical) in the oven at 135 6 2C (275 6 4F).Hang the test specimens for 30 min from one end and then 30min from the other end to obtain a uniform sat
28、uration of thefabric. Before reversing the hanging direction, also place twoclamps on the bottom side which will make it easier to hang thespecimen. After securing the specimen, remove the firstclamps.10.6 Allow the asphalt cement-coated, saturated test speci-mens to cool for a minimum of 30 min and
29、 then trim anyexcess asphalt cement, such as edge drippings, after removingthe clamps that were holding the samples.10.7 Weigh the trimmed asphalt cement-coated, saturatedtest specimens to the nearest 0.1 g.NOTE 2It has been observed that this procedure may not result incomplete saturation of paving
30、 fabrics with a mass per unit area greaterthan about 170 g/m2(5 ounces/square yard). For these fabrics the interiorof the specimens should be inspected visually for dry fibers, not coatedwith asphalt. If this condition is observed it should be reported with thetest results.11. Calculation11.1 Asphal
31、t Retention, l/m2(gal/yd2)Calculate the av-erage of the asphalt retention observed for all acceptable testspecimens. Calculate the asphalt retention for individual testspecimens as follows:RA5Wsat WgAgwhere:RA= asphalt retention, l/m2,Wsat= weight of saturated test specimens, g,Wg= weight of geotext
32、ile test specimen before satura-tion, g,Ag= area of geotextile test specimen before test, m2, andG = specific gravity of asphalt cement at 21C. g/l.NOTE 3If the specific gravity of the asphalt cement is not known, aD6140 00 (2009)2default specific gravity of 1 or 1000 g/l can be used.NOTE 4To conver
33、t from l/m2to gal/yd2multiply by 0.221.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 The specimens were tested as directed in test methodD6140.12.1.2 Average value of four test specimens in the machinedirection.12.1.3 Average value of four test specimens in the cross-machine direction.12.1.
34、4 Average asphalt retention, l/m2(gal/yd2). (The aver-age of both 12.1.2 and 12.1.3 test results.)12.1.5 Any deviation from the described test method.12.1.6 The type or grade of asphalt cement used.NOTE 5If dimensional stability of the fabric is a concern, it can beevaluated by determining change in
35、 area after the test. Remove all thewrinkles and flatten the specimen before checking the dimensions.13. Precision and Bias13.1 The precision of this test method is being established.13.2 This test method has no bias because the value ofasphalt retention can be defined only in terms of this testmeth
36、od.14. Keywords14.1 asphalt; full width; geosynthetic; geotextile; pavingasphalt; retentionASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination
37、 of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdraw
38、n. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your co
39、mments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single o
40、r multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D6140 00 (2009)3
