1、Designation: D 6078 04An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the Scuffing LoadBall-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (SLBOCLE)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6078; the number immediately following the designation indicates th
2、e year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the lu
3、bricity(load carrying ability) of diesel fuels using a scuffing loadball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (SLBOCLE).1.2 This test method is applicable to middle distillate fuels,such as Grades Low Sulfur No. 1 D, Low Sulfur No. 2 D, No.1 D, and No. 2 D diesel fuels, in accordance with SpecificationD
4、975; and other similar petroleum-based fuels which can beused in diesel engines.NOTE 1It is not known that this test method will predict theperformance of all additive/fuel combinations. Additional work is under-way to further establish this correlation and future revisions of thestandard may be nec
5、essary once this work is complete.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and he
6、alth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warningstatements are given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4177 Pr
7、actice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD 5001 Test Method for Measurement of Aviation TurbineFuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(BOCLE)D 6079 Test Method for Evaluating
8、Lubricity of DieselFuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)2.2 American Iron and Steel Institute Standard:3AISI E-52100 Chromium Alloy Steel2.3 American National Standards Institute Standard:4ANSI B3.12, Metal Balls2.4 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard:5SAE 8720 Steel3. Terminolog
9、y3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 applied load, nthe weight in grams added to theload arm of the SLBOCLE unit.3.1.2 boundary lubrication, na condition in which thefriction and wear between two surfaces in relative motion aredetermined by the properties of the surfaces and the
10、 propertiesof the contacting fluid, other than bulk viscosity.3.1.2.1 DiscussionMetal-to-metal contact occurs and thechemistry of the system is involved. Physically adsorbed orchemically reacted soft films (usually very thin) supportcontact loads. As a result some wear is inevitable.3.1.3 contact lo
11、ad, nthe force in grams with which theball contacts the test ring.3.1.3.1 DiscussionFor the SLBOCLE cantilever systemthe contact load is two times the applied load.3.1.4 friction coeffcient, n tangential friction force di-vided by the contact load.3.1.5 friction trace, na recorded trace of the tange
12、ntialfriction force in grams.3.1.6 lubricity, na qualitative term describing the abilityof a fluid to affect friction between, and wear to, surfaces inrelative motion under load.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIn this test method the lubricity of afluid is evaluated by the minimum applied load in grams that,at an
13、y time during the test, will produce a friction coefficientgreater than 0.175 between a stationary ball and a fluid-wettedrotating ring operating under defined conditions.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsib
14、ility of SubcommitteeD02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 607899.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.or
15、g, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1140 Connecticut Ave., Suite 705,Washington, DC 20036.4Available from American Nation
16、al Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.5Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Ave.,Warrendale, PA 15096.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
17、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.7 scuffng, nin lubrication, damage caused by instan-taneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motionwhich does not result in immobilization of the parts.3.1.8 scuffng load, nthe load required to produce scuffingof surfaces.3.1.8.1 Dis
18、cussionFor this test method the scuffing load isdefined in terms of the applied load.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A 50-mL test specimen of fuel is placed in the testreservoir of an SLBOCLE and adjusted to the test temperatureof 25C.4.2 When the fuel temperature has stabilized, 50 % relativehumidity
19、air is used to aerate the fuel at 0.5 L/min while 3.3L/min flows over the fuel for 15 min. During the remainder ofthe test sequence, the 50 % relative humidity air flows over thefuel at a rate of 3.8 L/min.4.3 A load arm holding a non-rotating steel ball and loadedwith a 500 g mass is lowered until
20、it contacts a partially fuelimmersed polished steel test ring rotating at 525 rpm. The ballis caused to rub against the test ring for a 30-s break in periodbefore beginning an incremental-load or a single-load test.4.4 Wear tests are conducted by maintaining the ball incontact with the partially imm
21、ersed 525- rpm test ring for 60 s.For incremental load tests, the test ring is moved at least 0.75mm for each new load prior to bringing a new ball into contactwith the test ring.4.5 The tangential friction force is recorded while the ball isin contact with the test ring. The friction coefficient is
22、calculated from the tangential friction force.4.6 In the incremental-load test, the minimum applied loadrequired to produce a friction coefficient greater than 0.175 isan evaluation of the lubricating properties of the diesel fuel.4.7 In the single-load test, a friction coefficient less than orequal
23、 to 0.175 indicated the diesel fuel passes the lubricityevaluation, while a friction coefficient greater than 0.175indicated the diesel fuel fails the lubricity evaluation.5. Significance and Use5.1 Diesel fuel injection equipment has some reliance onlubricating properties of the diesel fuel. Shorte
24、ned life ofengine components, such as diesel fuel injection pumps andinjectors, has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in adiesel fuel.5.2 The trend of SLBOCLE test results to diesel injectionsystem pump component distress due to wear has beendemonstrated in pump rig tests for some fuel/ha
25、rdware com-binations where boundary lubrication is believed to be a factorin the operation of the component.65.3 The tangential friction force, as measured in the SLB-OCLE test, is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and testmaterials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere,and the
26、temperature of the test. Lubricity evaluations are alsosensitive to trace contaminants acquired during test fuelsampling and storage.5.4 The SLBOCLE and High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig(HFRR, Test Method D 6079) are two methods for evaluatingdiesel fuel lubricity. No absolute correlation has been de
27、vel-oped between the two test methods.5.5 The SLBOCLE may be used to evaluate the relativeeffectiveness of diesel fuels for preventing wear under theprescribed test conditions. If a standard SLBOCLE rating hasbeen set, then the single-load test provides a more rapidevaluation than the incremental lo
28、ad test. Correlation ofSLBOCLE test results with field performance of diesel fuelinjection systems has not yet been determined.5.6 This test method is designed to evaluate boundarylubrication properties. While viscosity effects on lubricity inthis test method are not totally eliminated, they are min
29、imized.6. Apparatus6.1 Scuffng Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(SLBOCLE):6.1.1 The SLBOCLE consists of a fluid reservoir in which acylinder rotates, a load arm to which a ball is attached, and ahanger to hang a load on the load arm. The SLBOCLE7,8illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is identica
30、l to the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) specified in Test MethodD 5001, except for the modifications in 6.1.2 through 6.1.4.Complete operating conditions are listed in Table 1.6.1.2 If a standard BOCLE machine is modified, a load cellis included to accurately measure tangential frictio
31、n force withoutput to a recording device.8,96Nikanjam, M., Crosby, T., Henderson, P, Gray, C., Meyer, K., and Davenport,N., “ISO Diesel Fuel Lubricity Round Robin Program,” SAE Paper No. 952372,SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, October 1619, 1995, Toronto, Canada.7SLBOCLE units, BOC-2000, available
32、from InterAv, P.O. Box 792228, SanAntonio, TX 78279, have been found satisfactory.8The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis provided. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this informationto ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive car
33、eful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.9Catalog No. BOC-2040-FFC, available from InterAv, Inc., P.O. Box 792228,San Antonio, TX 78279, has been found satisfactory.FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of the Scuffing Load Ball-on-CylinderLubricity Evaluator (n
34、ot including instrumentation)D60780426.1.3 If a standard BOCLE machine is modified, a rede-signed reservoir cover or splash guards is necessary to preventloss of fluid from the joint between the reservoir cover andreservoir.8,106.1.4 If standard BOCLE machine is modified, a heavy-dutypneumatic pisto
35、n is required to facilitate the increased loadsrequired in the SLBOCLE test.8,116.1.5 Cylinder, the polished test ring and mandrel assembly.See Fig. 2.6.1.6 Mandrel, a 10 tapered short cylindrical section usedfor holding test ring.8 ,12See Fig. 26.2 Constant Temperature Bath Circulator, capable ofma
36、intaining the fluid sample at 25 6 1C when circulatingcoolant through the base of the sample reservoir.6.3 Cleaning Bath, ultrasonic seamless stainless steel tankwith adequate capacity and a cleaning power of 40 W orgreater.6.4 One of the containers specified under Containers forLubricity Testing in
37、 Practice D 4306 shall be used to store andtransport fuel samples.6.5 Desiccator, containing a non-indicating drying agent,capable of storing test rings, balls, and hardware.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Acetone, minimum reagent grade purity. (WarningExtremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash fire.)
38、7.2 Compressed Air, containing less than 0.1 ppmv hydro-carbons and 50 ppmv water. (WarningCompressed gasunder high pressure. Use with extreme caution in the presenceof combustible material.)7.3 Gloves, clean, lint-free, cotton, disposable.7.4 Isooctane, minimum reagent grade purity, 2,2,4-trimethyl
39、pentane. (WarningExtremely flammable. Harmfulif inhaled. Vapors may cause flash fires.)7.5 Isopropyl Alcohol, minimum reagent grade purity.(WarningFlammable.)7.6 Reference Fluids:7.6.1 Fluid AHigh lubricity reference.13(WarningFlammable.) Store in clean, borosilicate glass with an alumi-num foil-lin
40、ed insert cap. Store in a dark area.7.6.2 Fluid BLow lubricity reference.13(WarningFlammable. Vapor harmful.)7.7 Test Ball, chrome alloy steel, made from AISI standardsteel No. E-52100, with a diameter of 12.7 mm, Grade 5 to 10EP finish. The balls are described inANSI Specification B3.12.The extra-p
41、olish finish is not described in that specification.The Rockwell hardness “C” scale (HRC) shall be 64 to 66, acloser limit than found in the ANSI requirement.8,147.8 Test Ring, of SAE 8720 steel, having HRC number of 58to 62 and a surface roughness between 0.04 and 0.15 m afterpolishing as described
42、 in A1.1.8,15The dimensions are given inFig. 3.7.9 Wiper, wiping tissue, light-duty, lint-free, hydrocarbon-free, disposable.8,168. Sampling and Sample Containers8.1 Unless otherwise specified, samples shall be taken bythe procedure described in Practice D 4057 or Practice D 4177.8.2 Because of the
43、sensitivity of lubricity measurements totrace materials, sample containers shall be only fully epoxy-lined metal, amber borosilicate glass, or polytetrafluorethylene(PTFE), cleaned and rinsed thoroughly at least three times withthe product to be sampled before use, as specified underContainers for L
44、ubricity Testing in Practice D 4306.10Catalog No. BOC-217-A, available from InterAv, Inc., P.O. Box 792228, SanAntonio, TX 78279, has been found satisfactory.11Catalog No. BOC-215-15, available from InterAv, Inc., P.O. Box 792228, SanAntonio, TX 78279, has been found satisfactory.12Mandrel, Part No.
45、 M-O, available from Falex Corp., or P/N BOC-2101,available from InterAv, Inc., P.O. Box 792228, San Antonio, TX 78279, have beenfound satisfactory.13Reference fluidsAand B are available fromASTM Test Monitoring Ctr., 6555Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 150264489.14Test Balls, SKF Swedish, Part No. 310995
46、A, RB 12.7, grade 5 to 10 EPFinish,AISI 52100 Alloy available from SKF Industries, Component Systems, 1690 EastRace St., Allentown, PA 90653, when requested with extra polish finish, have beenfound satisfactory.15Test Rings, Part No. TRXP-6 available from U.S. Army TARDEC Fuels andLubricants Researc
47、h Facility, P.O. Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 782280510have been found satisfactory. These rings are Part No. F25061 from Falex Corp.,1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 605549585, polished to the required surfacefinish by the method in Annex A3. Correct surface finish is central to test accuracy.16B
48、lue Wipe, Catalog No. C6415-31 available from Baxter Healthcare Corp.,210 Great Southwest Pkwy, Grand Prairie, TX 75050, has been found satisfactory.FIG. 2 Ring and Mandrel Assembly (Cylinder)TABLE 1 Test ConditionsParameter ValueFluid volume 50 6 1.0 mLFluid temperature 25 6 1CConditioned airA50 6
49、1 % relative humidity at 25 6 1CFluid pretreatment: 0.50 L/ min air flowing through and 3.3 L/min air flowingover the fluid for 15 minFluid test conditions: 3.8 L/min air flowing over the fluidCylinder rotational speed 525 6 1rpmApplied LoadBreak-in period 500 gIncremental-load test 500 to 5 000 gSingle-load test user definedBTest DurationBreak-in period 30 sWear tests 60 sAFifty percent humidity should be achieved using equal volumes of dry andsaturated air. The SLBOCLE has a water column through which air passes and itis assumed to be saturated when
