1、Designation: D5798 13aD5798 14Standard Specification forEthanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5798; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specificat
3、ion covers the requirements for automotive fuel blends of ethanol and gasoline for use in ground vehiclesequipped with ethanol fuel blend flexible-fuel spark-ignition engines. Fuel produced to this specification contains 51 to 83 volume% ethanol. This fuel is for use in flexible-fuel vehicles and is
4、 sometimes referred to at retail as “Ethanol Flex-Fuel.” Appendix X1discusses the significance of the properties specified.1.2 The vapor pressure of ethanol fuel blends is varied for seasonal climatic changes. Vapor pressure is increased at lowertemperatures to ensure adequate flexible-fuel vehicle
5、operability. Ethanol content and selection of hydrocarbon blendstock areadjusted by the blender to meet these vapor pressure requirements.1.3 This specification formerly covered Fuel Ethanol (Ed70-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines, also knowncommercially as E85. The nomenclature “fuel etha
6、nol” has been changed to “ethanol fuel blends” to distinguish this product fromdenatured fuel ethanol Specification D4806. To facilitate blending of ethanol fuel blends that meet seasonal vapor pressurerequirements, a new lower minimum ethanol content has been established.1.4 The United States gover
7、nment has established various programs for alternative fuels. Many of the definitions of alternativefuel used by these programs may be more restrictive than the requirements of this specification. See 4.1.2.1 for additionalinformation on alternative fuels containing ethanol.1.5 The values stated in
8、SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, 8.1.8, of this specification. This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
9、 with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmosph
10、eric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemi
11、cal Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and RelatedProductsD1688 Test Methods for Copper in WaterD3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in GasolineD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and LubricantsD41
12、77 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is un
13、der the direct responsibilityof Subcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved June 15, 2013June 1, 2014. Published July 2013July 2014. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2013 asD579813.13a. DOI: 10.1520/D5798-13A.10.1520/D5798-14.2 For
14、 referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to prov
15、ide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the
16、standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol fo
17、r Blending with Gasolines for Use asAutomotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Metho
18、d) (Withdrawn 2012)3D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethan
19、ol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20% Ethanol by GasChromatographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol, Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)D7039 Test M
20、ethod for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-EthanolBlends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol an
21、d Butanol byDirect Injection Suppressed Ion ChromatographyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanolby Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample InjectionD7667 Test Method for Determination of Corrosiveness to Silver byA
22、utomotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelThin Silver StripMethodD7671 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Silver by Automotive SparkIgnition Engine FuelSilver Strip MethodD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by MonochromaticWavelength Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryD7795
23、Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Blends by TitrationE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer TitrationE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 Government Standards:3United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part
24、802.3 SAE Papers:4SAE 2007014006 A Model for Estimating Vapor Pressures of Commingled Ethanol Fuels3. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 denaturants, nmaterials added to ethanol to make it unsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by a
25、regulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDenaturants are only those materials added by the denaturer to comply with the approved formula; any materials absorbed laterare not denaturants. D48063.2.2 denatured fuel ethanolfuel ethanol made unfit for beverag
26、e use by the addition of denaturants under formula(s) approvedby the applicable regulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol tax. D48063.2.3 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compound C2H5OH. D48063.2.4 gasoline, na volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, generally containing
27、 small amounts of additives, suitable for useas a fuel in spark-ignition, internal combustion engines. D48143.2.5 hydrocarbon, na compound composed solely of hydrogen and carbon.3.2.6 methanol, nmethyl alcohol, the chemical compound CH3OH.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 flex
28、ible-fuel vehicle, na vehicle designed to operate on either unleaded gasoline or ethanol fuel blends or mixtures ofboth.3 A printed copy of the Code of Federal Regulations may be purchased from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol Street,N.W., Mail Stop: S
29、DE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online store at http:/bookstore.gpo.gov/. The Code of Federal Regulations may be browsed online athttp:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.4 Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.D5798 1423.3.1.1 Discu
30、ssionIn the United States, these vehicles have U.S. EPA emissions certifications using gasoline complying with U.S. EPA requirementsand ethanol fuel blends that meet the requirements of Specification D5798.3.3.2 hydrocarbon blendstock, na blending component composed of hydrocarbons which boil in the
31、 gasoline temperaturedistillation range and trace amounts of naturally occurring compounds or additives composed of hydrogen, carbon, and otherelements such as sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen.3.3.3 pHe, na measure of the acid strength of alcohol fuels.4. Ordering Information4.1 The purchasing agency sha
32、ll:4.1.1 Indicate the season and locality in which the fuel is to be used,4.1.2 If requested, ensure that the ethanol concentration meets the requirements for an alternative fuel for federal fleets.4.1.2.1 The composition of alternative fuels in the United States is regulated by various government a
33、gencies and regulationsincluding the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA). With regard to fuel propertiesincluding volatility, this specification can be more or less restrictive than DOE or EPA rules, regulations and waivers. To qualifyas an alternative fuel
34、for federal fleet use in the United States, the ethanol blend is required to meet the U.S. Department ofEnergys definition of alternative fuels, enacted under the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (Title III, Sec. 301). For ethanol, the Actdefines “alternative fuel” as a mixture containing denatured ethanol
35、 at a volume of “85 percent or more (or such other percentage,but not less than 70 percent, as determined by the Secretary, by rule.).” Correcting for denaturant content, a blend of 70 to 85volume % denatured fuel ethanol contains 68 to 83 volume % ethanol as measured by Test Method D5501. The U.S.
36、governmenthas other programs and definitions for alternative fuels.4.1.2.2 Users of this specification are advised to check with the applicable regulatory agency for specific alternative fuelrequirements.5. Ethanol Fuel Blends Performance Requirements5.1 Ethanol Fuel Blends shall conform to the requ
37、irements of Table 1.5.1.1 The components used to produce Ethanol Fuel Blends are limited to denatured fuel ethanol and hydrocarbon blendstockas defined in 5.2.5.1.2 The intentional addition of lead or phosphorus compounds to ethanol fuel blends is not permitted.5.2 Hydrocarbon Blendstock blended wit
38、h the denatured fuel ethanol shall meet the requirements of Table 2.5.2.1 The hydrocarbon blendstock may be unleaded gasoline, gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (BOB), naturalgasoline or other hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range.5.3 Vapor pressure is varied for seasonal and climatic
39、changes by providing four vapor pressure classes for ethanol fuel blends.TABLE 1 Requirements for Ethanol Fuel BlendsAProperties Class 1B Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Test MethodsVapor pressure, kPa (psi) 3862(5.59.0)4865(7.09.5)5983(8.512.0)66103(9.515.0)D4953, D5190, orD5191Vapor pressure, kPa (psi) 38
40、62(5.59.0)4865(7.09.5)5983(8.512.0)66103(9.515.0)D4953 or D5191All ClassesCEthanol Content, volume % 5183 D5501Water Content, max, mass % 1.0 E203 or E1064Methanol Content, max, volume % 0.5 D5501Sulfur Content, max, mg/kg 80 D5453 or D7039Acidity, (as acetic acid CH3COOH),mass % (mg/L), max0.005 (4
41、0) D1613 or D7795Acidity, (as acetic acid CH3COOH),mass % (mg/L) mg/kg, max0.005 (40) 50 D1613 or D7795Solvent-washed gum content,max, mg/100 mL5 D381Unwashed gum content, max,mg/100 mL20 D381pHe 6.5 to 9.0 D6423Inorganic chloride content, max,mg/kg1 D7319 or D7328Copper content, max, mg/L 0.07 D168
42、8A For information on alternative fuels, see 4.1.2.1.B See 5.3.1 for volatility class criteria.C Ethanol content and selection of hydrocarbon blendstock are adjusted by the blender to meet vapor pressure requirements. See X1.3.2 for additional information andguidance for blending.D5798 1435.3.1 Clas
43、s 1 encompasses geographical areas with 6-hour tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature of greater than 5C(41F).5.3.2 Class 2 encompasses geographical areas with 6-hour tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature of greater than 5C(23F) but less than or equal to 5C (41F).5.3.3 Class 3 encompass
44、es geographical areas with 6-hour tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature greater than 13C(9F) but less than or equal to 5C (23F).5.3.4 Class 4 encompasses geographical areas with 6-hour tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature less than or equal to13C (9F).5.3.5 There is a 10 % probability
45、 that the highest temperature of the six coldest consecutive hourly temperature readings of a24-hour day will be colder than the 6-hour tenth percentile minimum ambient temperature.5.3.6 See 5.4.4 and 5.5.2 for seasonal and geographical distributions.5.4 Regulatory and Other Requirements in the Unit
46、ed States:5.4.1 Ethanol content requirements for ethanol alternative fuel blends can be found in 4.1.2.1.5.4.2 The denaturant for the denatured fuel ethanol used in making ethanol fuel blends shall meet the requirements of Section5 in Specification D4806.5.4.3 Ethanol fuel blends of any volatility c
47、lass shall meet certain U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) regulations forunleaded gasoline. See Appendix X2.5.4.4 The United States seasonal and geographical distribution for the four vapor pressure classes is shown in Table 3.5.5 Regulatory and Other Requirements Outside the United States:5
48、.5.1 Users of this specification are advised to consult with the applicable regulatory agency for specific requirements for theirjurisdictions.5.5.2 Users of the specification in geographical areas outside the United States need to determine the 6-hour tenth percentileminimum ambient temperatures fo
49、r their geographic areas and times of year in order to select the appropriate classes of fuel.6. Workmanship6.1 Ethanol fuel blends shall be visually free of sediment and suspended matter. They shall be clear and bright at the ambienttemperature or 21C (70F), whichever is higher.6.2 The specification defines only a basic purity for ethanol fuel blends. The product shall be free of any adulterant orcontaminant that can render the material unacceptable for its commonly used applications.6.2.1 Manufacturers and blenders of
