1、Designation: D 5684 07Standard TerminologyRelating to Pile Floor Coverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5684; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthes
2、es indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology is a compilation of all terminologydeveloped by Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Covering.1.2 This terminology is unique to the pile fl
3、oor coveringindustry. Meanings if the same terms used outside the industrycan be found in other compilations or in other dictionaries ofgeneral usage.1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, D 5684 isalso useful for managing the Terminology of the Subcommit-tee.1.4 Terms listed under the j
4、urisdiction of SubcommitteeD13.21.1.5 For definitions of other textile terms see TerminologyD 123.1.6 This terminology is a compilation of all terminologydeveloped by Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Covering.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1335 Te
5、st Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn FloorCoveringsD 2646 Test Methods for Backing Fabric Characteristics ofPile Yarn Floor CoveringsD 3936 Test Method for Resistance to Delamination of theSecondary Backing of Pile Yarn Floor CoveringD 5251 Practice for the Operation of the Tetrapod WalkerDrum Teste
6、rD 5252 Practice for the Operation of the Hexapod TumbleDrum TesterD 5417 Practice for Operation of the Vettermann DrumTesterD 5793 Test Method for Binding Sites per Unit Length orWidth of Pile Yarn Floor CoveringsD 5823 Test Method for Tuft Height of Pile Floor Cover-ingsD 5848 Test Method for Mass
7、 Per Unit Area of Pile YarnFloor CoveringsD6119 Practice for Creating Surface Appearance Changesin Pile Yarn Floor Covering from Foot TrafficD 6283 Test Method for Tuft Element Length of UncoatedPile Yarn Floor CoveringsD 6540 Test Method for Accelerated Soiling of Pile YarnFloor CoveringD 6719 Guid
8、e for Test Methods and Practices for Evaluat-ing Pile Yarn Floor CoveringD 6859 Test Method for Pile Thickness of Finished LevelPile Yarn Floor CoveringsD 6962 Practice for Operation of a Roller Chair Tester forPile Yarn Floor CoveringsD 7241 Test Method for Pile Thickness of Finished Multi-level Pi
9、le Yarn Floor CoveringD 7267 Test Method for Edge Ravel Resistance of FinishedLoop Pile, Pile Yarn Floor Covering3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:attached cushion, n for pile yarn floor covering, a material,bonded to the backing fabric side of a pile yarn floorcovering to provide additional dimensional
10、 stability, thick-ness, and padding.DISCUSSIONSuch products as foam, rubber, and urethane are used asattached cushion. (D 3936)back coating, n in textile floor covering, an adhesivecompound applied for such purpose as locking pile yarn tuftsinto a carpet backing, bonding a secondary backing to aprim
11、ary backing, increasing fabric body or stiffness andincreasing dimensional stability. (D 5793,D 5848)backing , n in pile yarn floor covering, all materials in a pilefloor covering other than the pile yarn. (D 5793,D 5848,D 6719)backing fabric, n in textiles, a fabric into which a pile yarnis inserte
12、d; or a reinforcing layer which is adhered to thereverse side of a fabric.DISCUSSIONIn woven and knitted pile yarn floor coverings thebacking fabric is created at the same time the pile yarn is bound to thebacking fabric, but, in tufted pile yarn floor coverings, the backingfabric is made prior to t
13、he operation in which the pile yarn is fastenedto the backing fabric. (D 2646,D 5793,D 5848, D 6719 )1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Pub
14、lished April 2007. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 5684 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume information, refer tot he standards Docu
15、ment Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.binding site, n for pile yarn floor covering, a point at whichthe pile yarn is, or can be, bound to the backing fabric.DISCUSSIONIn any machine-made
16、 pile yarn floor covering, thebinding sites occur in an orderly and repetitive array at uniformintervals both in the lengthwise and widthwise directions of the pileyarn floor covering. The nature of the binding sites differs amongwoven, knitted, and tufted pile yarn floor coverings. For example, the
17、binding site of a woven pile yarn floor covering consists of one or morefilling shots under which the face yarn passes, whereas the binding siteof a tufted pile yarn floor covering consists of a section of backingfabric between two adjacent needle holes in the lengthwise direction.The number of pile
18、 yarn strands that can be fastened at one binding sitecan vary from one to several, according to the design. (D 5793,D 5848, D 6283, D 6719)buried pile yarn, n for coated pile yarn floor covering, thepart of pile yarn tufts which is in or under the primarybacking. (D 5793,D 5848)carpet, nall textile
19、 floor coverings not designated as rugs.(D 1335,D 2646, D 3936, D 5251, D 5252,D 5417,D 5793,D 5848, . D 6119, D 6283, , D 6540, D 6719,D 6859,D 6962, )carpet module, ntextile floor covering sections usuallyhaving dimensions of less than 1 m2. D 5848change in surface appearancefor pile yarn floor co
20、vering-s,the physical affect of changing the use-surface by mechani-cal means or foot traffic.DISCUSSIONThe change in surface appearance is the cumulativechange in appearance between the unexposed and exposed test speci-mens due to matting, crushing, and loss of tuft definition. (D 6119,D 6719 )comp
21、onents, nfor pile yarn floor covering, the individualyarn or fabric elements into which a pile yarn floor coveringcan be separated. (D 5793, D 5848)crush, nin pile yarn floor coverings, loss of tuft definitiondue to entanglement and compression of pile fibers.(D6119)cut pile yarn floor covering, na
22、pile floor covering in whichthe pile is composed of adjacent tuft elements that areseparated or cut (see Fig. 1). (D 1335, D 5823, D 6283)delaminationSee resistance to delamination.dents per unit width, n for woven pile floor covering, thenumber of binding sites per unit width; dents being the reeds
23、paces through which the warp yarns pass in the loom or themetal strips in the reed that form these spaces. (D 2646)durability, n for pile yarn floor coverings, a property of apile yarn floor covering describing the ability to maintainspecific physical properties or product integrity withoutdeteriora
24、tion after a significant amount of time or a signifi-cant extended stress. (D 6962)edge ravel, nin pile yarn floor covering, the force requiredto pull a tuft element from a loop pile yarn floor coveringalong a seam in the lengthwise direction. D 7267finished , adjin textile floor covering materials,
25、 the comple-tion of all manufacturing operations. (D 1335, D 2646,D 3936, D 5251, D 5252, D 5417, D 5793, D 5823, D 5848,D 6119, D 6283, D 6540, D 6719, D 6859, D 6962 D 7241D 7267)finished pile yarn floor covering, nin textile floor coveringmaterials, the pile yarn floor covering that has undergone
26、 allof the steps of the manufacturing process.(D 1335,D 2646, D 3936, D 5251, D 5252,D 5417,D 5793,D 5823, D 5848, D 6119, D 6283, D 6540, D 6719,D 6859, D 6962 D 7241 D 7267)floor covering, n an essentially planar material, having arelatively small thickness in comparison to its length orwidth, tha
27、t is laid on a floor to enhance the beauty, comfort,and utility of the floor. (D 1335, D 2646, D 3936, D 5251,D 5252, D 5417, D 5793, D 5823,D 5848, D 6119, D 6283,D 6540, D 6719, D 6859,D 6962 D 7241 D 7267)foot traffic units, nfor pile floor covering, the number ofpasses by human walkers over a sp
28、ecific group of carpetsamples. (D6119)fusion bonding, nin pile yarn floor covering, a method ofcreating a carpet pile construction by attaching loops of yarnto a supporting adhesive material, usually PVC, to formeither cut or loop pile structures.lengthwise direction, nfor pile yarn floor covering,
29、thedirection in a machine-made textile floor covering parallel tothe direction of movement during the manufacturing pro-cess.DISCUSSIONIn machine-made goods the lengthwise direction inapplicable to tufted and woven pile yarn floor coverings.(D 1335,D 2646, D 3936, D 5251, D 5252, D 5417, D 5793,D 58
30、23,D 5848, D 6119, D 6283, D 6540, D 6859,D 6962D 7241 D 7267)level pile, nfor pile yarn floor covering, pile in which all tuftlegs are of substantially the same length. (D 5823)loop pile yarn floor covering, n a pile yarn floor coveringin which the pile is composed only of uncut loops (see Fig.1).
31、D 1335, D 5823, D 6283, D 6859 D 7241 D 7267loss of tuft definition, n for pile yarn floor coverings, thebursting, opening, and untwisting of pile yarn, decrimping ofthe fibers in the surface pile, or any combination of these.(D6119)matting, nfor pile yarn floor coverings, loss of tuft definitiondue
32、 to entanglement. (D6119)ad = cut pile tuft elementgj = loop pile tuft elementab, cd, ef, gh, ij, jk = tuft legscd, ef = cut pile tuft leg pairij, jk = loop pile tuft leg pair, a loopB = one binding siteFIG. 1 Cross Section of Tufted Pile Yarn Floor CoveringD5684072multilevel pile, n for pile yarn f
33、loor covering, pile in whichsome tuft legs are substantially longer than others, resultingin a sculptured appearance or pattern. (D 5848 D 7241)needles per unit width, nfor tufted pile yarn floor covering,the number of binding sites per unit of floor covering width;needles being the means of inserti
34、ng the pile yarn into thebacking fabric. (D 5793)nonwoven fabric, na textile structure produced by bondingor interlocking of fibers, or both, accomplished by mechani-cal, chemical, thermal, or solvent means and combinationsthereof. (D 2646)peak force, nfor pile floor covering, the force required tos
35、eparate two or more layers and registered on a chart as apeak, that is, a value exceeding the value immediatelypreceding and following it. (D 3936)pile, nfor pile yarn floor covering, the textured surfacecomposed of many tuft legs bound to a backing fabric in anorderly and repetitive array.DISCUSSIO
36、NAparticular pile floor covering may be all cut pile or allloop pile, and, in either case, the pile may be of essentially one pilelevel or multilevel. A particular floor covering may also contain bothcut pile areas and loop pile areas which may be of the same pile levelor different pile levels. Area
37、s of intermingled cut and loop pile orintermingled high and low level pile may also occur.(D 1335,D 2646, D 3936, D 5251, D 5252,D 5417,D 5793,D 5823, D 5848, D 6119, D 6283, D 6540, D 6719,D 6859,D 6962 D 7241)pile height, n in determination of tuft height, a measurementthat uses a small graduated
38、ruler inserted until it touches thebacking to measure the pile from the top surface of theprimary backing to the top of the tuft.DISCUSSIONPile height is typically used generically by manufactur-ing personnel in setting machinery and by laymen. This procedure issubject to significant variability bet
39、ween technicians and is thereforeused only for rough field work and machinery setting during themanufacturing process. (D 5823, D 6859 D 7241)pile lay, nthe direction in which most of the pile fibers leanin the original, uncrushed carpet. (D 5251, D 5252,D 5417,D 6540 )pile reversal, na persistent c
40、hange in the direction of pile layin certain areas, resulting in an apparent visual difference ofshade. (Syn. watermarking, pooling, shading). (D6119)pile thickness, n in pile yarn floor covering, the differencein the unextended height of the tuft elements above thebacking measured as the difference
41、 between two parallelplates exerting a specified compression on the pile andbacking and on the backing with the pile removed.DISCUSSIONPile thickness is the preferred procedure for precisionmeasurement, and, although it is more complex, it is very repeatablebetween different technicians and laborato
42、ries. (D 6859 D 7241D 7267)pile yarn floor covering, na textile product in which yarn oryarn segments are attached intermittently to a backing fabricto project above the backing fabric and form a pile, in theform of cut loops or loops, or both, with the yarn entering thebacking fabric substantially
43、perpendicular to the plane of thebacking fabric. See cut pile, cut pile floor covering, cut-looppile, level pile, loop pile, loop pile floor covering, multilevelpile. (D 1335,D 2646, D 3936, D 5251, D 5252, D 5417,D 5793, D 5823,D 5848, D 6119, D 6283, D 6540, D 6719,D 6859,D 6962 D 7241)pile yarn m
44、ass, n for backcoated pile yarn floor covering,the mass per unit area of pile yarn.DISCUSSIONPile yarn mass includes pile yarn portions buried in thebacking and the short stubble of yarn projecting above the backing aftershearing as opposed to measurement of mass per unit area whichincludes only the
45、 amount that can be shorn away from the backing.Some pile yarn floor covering constructions, such as patterned wovenWiltons, may have pile yarns that appear infrequently on the pilesurface; however, these inactive pile yarns should be included as part ofthe pile yarn mass per unit area, not as backi
46、ng. This is not applicableto needlepunch. (D 5793, D 5848)pitch, nfor woven pile floor covering, the number of bindingsites in 686 mm (27 in.) of width. (D 5251, D 5252,D 5417, D 5793, D 5848, D 6859)poolingSee pile reversal.primary backing, n for tufted pile yarn floor covering, thefabric through w
47、hich the pile yarn is carried by needles toform tufts; the backing fabric. (D 5251, D 5252,D 5417,D 5848, D 6859)resistance to delamination, nfor pile yarn floor covering,the force/unit width measured when separating the second-ary backing. (D 3936, D 6719,D 6962 )rug, na textile floor covering of l
48、imited area which iscomplete in itself and is intended for use as a partial coveringof a floor or another floor covering. (D 3936,D 6719D 6962)secondary backing, n for pile yarn floor covering, a suitablematerial attached to or adhered to the underside of theprimary backing fabric.DISCUSSIONThe seco
49、ndary backing may be a textile layer, a solidplastic layer, a rubber sponge, or an elastomeric foam attached to oradhered to, flowed on, or coated onto the underside of the primarybacking fabric. (D 3936, D 5251, D 5252,D 5417, D 5848,D 6962)shorn pile, npile that is removed when the face pile issheared. D 6859 D 7241soiling, nfor pile yarn floor covering, a process by which dirtand other foreign material becomes attached to the surfacepile causing a change in appearance. D 6540, D 6719stitches, nin tufted pile yarn floor coverin
