1、Designation: D5662 10Standard Test Method forDetermining Automotive Gear Oil Compatibility with TypicalOil Seal Elastomers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5662; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method2covers the determination of thecompatibility of automotive gear oils with specific nitrile
3、,polyacrylate, and fluoroelastomer oil seal materials.1.2 Users of this test method should obtain Test MethodsD412, D471, and D2240 and become familiar with their usebefore proceeding with this test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement
4、 are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitation
5、s prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD5704 Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal andOxidativ
6、e Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for ManualTransmissions and Final Drive AxlesD5760 Specification for Performance of Manual Transmis-sion Gear LubricantsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 SAE Standard:4J2360 Lubricating Oil, Gear
7、 Multipurpose (Metric) MilitaryUse3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 dumbbell, nthe specific cut shape (Die C) of anelastomer as explained in the section on dumbbell specimens inTest Methods D412.3.1.2 formulation, nthe specific chemical compositionused in manufac
8、turing a seal elastomer or a reference oil.3.1.3 percent ultimate elongation, nthe stretch length atrupture of an elastomer dumbbell oil-aged by running thisprocedure minus the rupture stretch length of an untesteddumbbell, all divided by rupture stretch length of the untesteddumbbell and then multi
9、plied by 100.3.1.4 percent volume change, nthe change in volume of atest specimen as explained in the procedure for change involume in Test Method D471.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Non-reference oils are tested using a modified version ofTest Method D471 on specific elastomer compounds. Mea-sured qu
10、antities are percent ultimate elongation changes (fur-ther referred to as just percent elongation changes), durometerType A hardness changes, and percent volume changes. Ref-erence oils are run concurrently in the same oil bath to measureconsistency from one test to another.4.2 The duration of these
11、 tests is 240 h. The reference oilsare available from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC).5The seal materials are available through a Central PartsDistributor (CPD).65. Significance and Use5.1 There are several major causes of automotive lubricant-related seal failures. This test method addresses
12、only those1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants these canbe obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburgh, Pa152064489. At
13、tention: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in allInformation Letters through No. 091.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards
14、Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.5Reference oils are available from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.6The Central Parts Distributor
15、 for this procedure is Test Engineering Inc., 12758Cimarron Path, Suite 102, San Antonio, TX 78249.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.failures caused by excessive elastomer hardening, elongationloss, and volume swell and
16、 attempts to determine the likeli-hood that an oil might cause premature sealing system failuresin field use. This test method may be used as a requirement ofa performance specification, such as Specification D5760 andJ2360.5.2 Another major cause of seal failure is the formation ofcarbon, varnish,
17、and sludge-like deposits on the seal lip. Thedeposit-forming characteristics of automotive gear oils areevaluated in Test Method D5704. That procedure is intended inpart to evaluate the potential for oils to cause premature sealfailure in field service.6. Apparatus6.1 Specific test equipment as outl
18、ined in Test MethodsD412, D471, and D2240 is required.6.1.1 Hardness DurometerSee Test Method D2240.6.1.1.1 CalibrationCalibrate the hardness durometer an-nually. Use an outside source, with standards traceable toNational Institute for Standards Technology (NIST) for annualcalibration. Perform check
19、s with internal standards weekly.Checks with internal standards shall be within 63 points.Calibrate internal standards annually, using an outside source,with standards traceable to NIST.6.1.2 Tension Testing MachineSee Test Method D412. Setthe testing machine rate of grip separation for the percente
20、longation change determinations at (8.5 6 0.8) mm/s. Cali-brate the tension testing machine in accordance withAnnexA2or Annex A3, as appropriate.6.1.2.1 CalibrationCalibrate the tension testing machineannually. Annual calibration shall be performed by the manu-facturer, using NIST traceable standard
21、s.6.1.3 Glass Tubes, having an outside diameter of 38 mm andan overall length of 300 mm. The tube is fitted loosely with analuminum foil-covered stopper.6.1.4 BalanceUse any commercially available balancecapable of weighing samples to the nearest 1.0 mg.6.1.4.1 CalibrationCalibrate the balance annua
22、lly. Use anoutside source, with standards traceable to NIST for annualcalibration. Perform checks with internal standards monthly,using NIST traceable weights. The difference between theweights and balance shall be 0.5 mg. Calibrate internalstandards annually, using an outside source, with standards
23、traceable to NIST.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Specific reference test oils are maintained and distrib-uted by the TMC.5To receive the test oils and seal materials,individual laboratories shall commit to furnishing the TMCwith reference data developed using these reference materials.7.2 The CPD is r
24、esponsible for maintaining the numberingand tracking system for the seal elastomer batches used.Certain specific information concerning these reference mate-rials is available only to the CPD. This information is used toensure batch-to-batch consistency.7.2.1 Information and location of the current
25、CPD is alsoavailable from the TMC.7.3 Specific reference seal elastomers used are a nitrile (NI),a polyacrylate (PA), and a fluoroelastomer (FL). Notation ofthe numbering system is established by the TMC as follows:Type Ywhere:Type = NI, PA, FL, andY = Batch number of the particular formulation.7.4
26、The shelf life for the seal elastomers is two years fromthe date the batch was cured. Invalidate any test with a sealcure date older than two years. Consult the TMC for anyapproved exceptions to this lifespan. Place a note in thecomments section of the test report where exceptions havebeen approved.
27、7.4.1 Store elastomers in a refrigerator maintained at(3 to 6) C.7.5 The shelf life of reference oils is typically five yearsunless the TMC, through their analysis, specifies otherwise.7.6 Wetting solution of Aerosol OT0.1 % sodium diocytlsulfosuccinate, made by a 1.0 % dilution of a 10 % solutionwi
28、th reagent water.8. Procedure8.1 The testing laboratory shall conduct reference oil testsconcurrently with the non-reference oil in the same oil bath.Reference oils shall perform within a specific range prescribedand evaluated by TMC for validity and updated as needed.8.2 Prior to cutting specimens
29、and prior to performingelongation tests for initial properties, allow 3 h for theelastomer to warm to (23 6 2) C, as required by Test MethodD412. Referring to the procedure in Test Method D412, useDie C to cut a set of twelve dumbbell specimens out of theelastomer sheets as required for each referen
30、ce and non-reference oil tested.8.2.1 Cut the dumbbells parallel to the grain using the sameunaltered dies for the entire lot. When cutting dumbbells, onlycut one thickness at a time to avoid any dimensional variations.8.2.2 Cut all elastomer specimens, including those used formeasuring initial prop
31、erties, from the same elastomer batch.Use these dumbbells for measuring the percent elongationchanges.8.2.3 Next, cut twelve (25 by 50) mm by (2.0 6 0.1) mmrectangular specimens for the percent volume change andhardness testing.8.2.4 Finally, cut twelve more NI, PA, and FL dumbbells forthe purpose o
32、f determining initial elongation properties.8.2.5 Randomly select sets of twelve dumbbells and twelverectangular specimens for testing from the different sheets oftest elastomers.8.2.6 Use the water displacement procedure in accordancewith Test Method D471 to determine the initial volumemeasurements
33、. Weigh the coupon in air, M1, to the nearest1 mg. For the weight in water, immerse the coupon in a 1.0 %wetting solution of aerosol OT, then place the coupon indistilled water, M2, at ambient temperature. Make sure no airbubbles are clinging to the coupon surface before recording theweight to the n
34、earest 1 mg.8.2.7 Ensure that initial elastomer properties of hardnessand volume are determined prior to the start of testing. InitialD5662 102elongation properties are determined just prior to running theend of test dumbbells because of instrument calibration.8.3 Fill the test tubes with (150 6 5)
35、mL of non-reference orreference oil as appropriate.8.4 Use four test tubes for each elastomer/oil combination.In each tube, suspend from a stainless steel wire hanger bent ata 90 angle (dimensions shown in Fig. 1) three rectangularspecimens and three dumbbells in each of the four tubes. Placespacers
36、 in between the specimens to aid in the separation. Thewidth of the spacer(s) shall be (1.7 6 0.3) mm. The spacermaterial shall not affect the liquid or the rubber.8.4.1 Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of spacers and testspecimens.8.4.2 Top the test tube with a stopper wrapped in aluminumfoil.8.4.3 Tes
37、t the non-reference oil using one or more of thethree different seal elastomers with the same batch of elas-tomers as being used for the reference oil.8.4.4 Place the tubes randomly in an oil bath capable ofmaintaining a test oil temperature within 6 1 C for a period of(240 6 0.5) h (see Table 1).8.
38、4.4.1 Measure the test oil temperature with a thermo-couple or resistance temperature detector (RTD) inside adummy test tube containing bath oil within the oil bath.8.4.4.2 Record test oil temperature at a minimum of onceevery minute.8.4.4.3 Calculate the percent deviation for the elastomermaterial
39、test oil temperature shown in Table 1 using thefollowing equation. Record the results in the test report.percent deviation 5(i 5 1nSMi0.5R3TiDD3 100 (1)Mi = absolute value of the magnitude of the test parameterout of specification limit at occurrence i,R = test parameter specification range,Ti = len
40、gth of time the test parameter was outside ofspecification range at occurrence i.(Ti is assumed tobe no less than the recorded data-acquisition fre-quency, unless supplemental readings are docu-mented), andD = test duration in same units as Ti.8.4.4.4 Invalidate any test that exceeds the percent dev
41、iationlimits in Table 1.8.4.5 Conduct all reference and non-reference oil testing oneach seal elastomer in the same oil bath. Complete referenceoil and non-reference oil tests for each seal elastomer within8 h of each other to be considered the same test.8.5 At the end of the test period, remove the
42、 specimens fromthe hot oil using the wire hanger and place them on a cleanabsorbent towel. Allow the specimens to cool for no longerthan 30 min.8.5.1 Remove the specimens from the wire hanger, andplace them on a clean absorbent towel. Remove the excess oilwith a clean absorbent towel, and begin test
43、ing.8.6 Determine type A hardness testing, percent volume inair and water, and percent elongation, as done in 8.2.6 and8.2.7. Testing shall be completed within2hofremoval fromthe test oil.8.7 Observe the following notes/modifications to TestMethod D471.8.7.1 Report percent change in elongation (see
44、Test MethodD412) and percent volume change (see Test Method D471)from the original using the same water displacement proceduredescribed in 8.2.6.8.7.1.1 When using a wire hanger to aid in the weighing ofthe test coupon, deduct the weight of the wire hanger from thegross weight to determine the actua
45、l weight of the test coupon.Record the actual weight of the test coupons in the test reportand use the actual weights for the percent volume changecalculations.8.7.1.2 Conduct all reference and non-reference oil testingon each seal elastomer in an oil bath capable of maintaining atest oil temperatur
46、e within 61C for a period of 240 6 0.5 h(see Table 1).8.7.2 Report durometer TypeAhardness change points fromoriginal (see Test Method D2240).FIG. 1 Wire HangerFIG. 2 Test Tube ArrangementTABLE 1 Test Oil TemperaturesMaterial Test Oil Temperature,CPercent DeviationLimitsNitrile 100 6 11%Polyacrylate
47、 150 6Fluoroelastomer 150 6D5662 1038.7.2.1 On a hard horizontal surface, stack the three rectan-gular specimens on top of each other to obtain the 6 mmthickness required by Test Method D2240. Hardness readingsare to be taken 1 s after the pin makes contact with theelastomer. Take three readings on
48、each side of the rectangularspecimen and report the average of all six readings.8.7.2.2 After taking the first set of measurements, rotate thebottom specimen to the top of the stack and take a second setof measurements.8.7.2.3 Rotate the bottom specimen to the top one more timeto obtain the third se
49、t of measurements.8.7.3 For each data set, calculate the average value and thesample standard deviation using the equation:s5(xi x!2n 1(2)where:s = sample standard deviation,n = number of data points in the set,XI= individual data set value,x = mean of the data set.Change in volume,%=(M3M4)(M1M2)/(M1M2)3 d 3 100where:M1 = the original weight in air,M2 = the original weight in water,M3 = the end of test weight in air,M4 = the end of test weight in water, andd = the density of the medium in which the specimen wasweighed. In this case water is used, s
