1、Designation: D 5647 07Standard Guide forMeasuring Hairiness of Yarns by the Photo-ElectricApparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5647; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the determination of the hairiness ofmost filament and spun yarn using a photo-electric sensorapparatus. It is
3、 not intended for use on novelty yarns.1.2 This guide shows the values in SI units. “SI units” is thetechnically correct name for a system of metric units known asthe International System of Units.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its us
4、e. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for
5、 TestingD 4849 Terminology Relating to Yarns and Fibers3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns andFibers, refer to Terminology D 4849.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:broken filament, frayed, fuzzy, hairiness, loopy.3.2 For all other terminology related
6、 to textiles, refer toTerminology D 123.4. Summary of Guide4.1 A yarn is passed through a photo-electric device con-taining a light beam that is interrupted by the occurrence ofprotruding fibers or filaments. By the use of a digital volt meteror computer interface, the number of protruding fibers or
7、filaments of a specific length along a specified surface length ofyarn are counted and reported as hairiness.5. Significance and Use5.1 The photo-electric method for measuring the hairinessof yarns is not recommended for acceptance testing of com-mercial shipments since experience has shown that res
8、ultsobtained from machines produced by one manufacturer cannotusually be verified by machines produced by another manu-facturer. This guide is intended to increase the awareness of theuser to available techniques for measuring hairiness. In somecases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a
9、commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by thebest available guide though it has not been recommended foracceptance testing of commercial shipments.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests s
10、hould be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance.As a minimum, test samples that are as homogenousas possible, drawn from the material from which the disparatetest results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equalnumbers to each la
11、boratory for testing. The test results from thetwo laboratories should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found andcorrected or future test results for that material must beadju
12、sted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 There may be a distinct difference in testing speed andtension devices of machines supplied by different manufactur-ers that may give differences in reported test results.5.3 The measurement of hairiness is important to yarnproducers. This guide is useful
13、for process control and researchof the yarn surface design at an individual manufacturingfacility. Hairiness also is used to provide yarn processingmachine design, and indications of malfunctioning processequipment, such as rotors, doffing mechanisms, guides, and1This guide is under the jurisdiction
14、 ofASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.60 on Adhesive Material Classi-fication System.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published February 2007 Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 5647 01.2For referenced ASTM sta
15、ndards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
16、 PA 19428-2959, United States.travelers. It can be used to identify some causes of barrenessand shade variation in fabrics.6. Apparatus6.1 Yarn Hairiness Meter3, photo-electric type measuringhead, equipped with digital volt meter or computer interfacingcapable of counting the number of protruding fi
17、bers or brokenfilaments of a specific length along the surface of a yarn ofknown length, preferably at a measuring height of 1 mm.6.2 Yarn Take-Up Device, capable of winding yarn atvariable speeds, and preferably a means for obtaining 30m/min.7. Sampling and Number of Specimens, Suggested7.1 Lot Siz
18、eA lot is defined as a single shipment, orproduction run of a single type of yarn. A lot may constitute allor part of a single customer order.7.2 Lot SampleAs a lot sample when using this guide foracceptance testing, take at random the number of shippingunits directed in an applicable material speci
19、fication or otheragreement between the purchaser and the supplier, such as anagreement to use Practice D 2258. In the absence of such anagreement, take the number of packages specified in PracticeD 2258. This may constitute all or part of any one customerorder or production run. Consider packages of
20、 yarn to be theprimary sampling unit.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variabilitybetween packages of yarn and between test specimens from a package ofyarn, to produce a sampling plan with meaningful producers ri
21、sk,consumers risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.7.3 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample when us-ing this guide for acceptance testing, proceed as directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier. In the absence of su
22、ch anagreement, use the lot sampling units as laboratory samplingunits specified in Practice D 2258.7.4 Test SpecimensAs test specimens for acceptance test-ing, use 100-m lengths from each yarn package in the labora-tory sample after discarding the outer yarn layer. Take threespecimens from each lab
23、oratory sampling unit.8. Test Equipment and Pre-Test Preparation8.1 Unless otherwise specified in a material specification orpurchase order, prepare the test equipment as follows:8.1.1 Calibrate and service the test apparatus as specified bythe manufacturer.8.1.2 Clean the photo-electric area of the
24、 measuring headthoroughly with a soft brush and aerosol duster.8.1.3 When possible, set the yarn take-up winder speed to30 m/min. Otherwise, use the speed closest to 30 m/min for themachine utilized.8.1.4 Set the fiber measuring length to 1 mm unless other-wise specified.NOTE 2For some types of yarn
25、, 3 mm has been successfully used torelate to down-line performance.8.1.5 Set fixed test length to 100 m.8.1.6 Ensure the yarn passes centrally in the slot of themeasuring head.8.1.7 When applicable for apparatus equipped with tensionadjusting capabilities, set the minimum tension to stabilize theya
26、rn; that is, being smooth running and having no vibration.8.1.8 For apparatus not equipped with tension adjustingcapabilities, set the yarn tension to provide a smooth runningyarn having no vibration using the following guide:for greater than 125 tex 28 to 30 gfor66to125tex 18to20gfor66texorless 8to
27、10g9. Conditioning9.1 No conditioning is required unless otherwise agreedupon, such as in a material specification or contract order.10. Procedure10.1 Draw the free end from the yarn package over its end,through the tension device, and centrally through the slot of themeasuring head. Then, secure th
28、e free end to the take-upmechanism.10.2 Activate the take-up mechanism and allow the yarn toreach the specified speed.10.3 Activate the hairiness tester and record the total hairi-ness count for the specified test length.10.4 Obtain three determinations using three separatelengths of yarn from each
29、sampling unit.11. Calculation11.1 Hairiness Count, SpecimenRecord the hairinesscount/100 m of individual specimens as read directly from therecording device to the nearest whole number.11.2 Average ValuesCalculate the average hairinesscount/100 m to the nearest whole number for the laboratorysample
30、and lot as applicable to a material specification orcontract order.11.3 Computer Processed DataWhen data is automati-cally computer processed, calculations are generally containedin the associated software. In any event, it is recommended thatcomputer processed data be verified against known propert
31、yvalues.12. Report12.1 Report that the hairiness count was determined asdirected in Guide D 5647. Describe the material or productsampled and the method of sampling used.12.2 Report the following information for the laboratorysampling unit and lot as applicable to a material specificationor contract
32、 order:12.2.1 Average hairiness count/100 m to the nearest wholeunit,3Testing apparatus for measuring hairiness are available from: Meiners-Del,Rayner House, 23 Higher Hillgate, Stockport, Cheshire SK1 3ER, England;Microdynamics, P.O. Box 27578, Atlanta, GA 30327; Shirley DevelopmentsLimited, P.O. B
33、ox 6, 856 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 8SA, England; ShikiboLimited; Zellweger Uster, 4404 Chesapeake Drive, P.O. Box 16348, Charlotte; NC28297-6348; Zweigle GmbH fuzz; hairiness; yarnASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any
34、item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical c
35、ommittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at
36、a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
37、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D5647073
