1、Designation: D5641 94 (Reapproved 2011)D5641/D5641M 16Standard Practice forGeomembrane Seam Evaluation by Vacuum Chamber1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5641;D5641/D5641M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures to perform nondestructive quality control testing described in P
3、ractice D4437D4437/D4437M and Practice D4545 for evaluating the continuity of all types of geomembrane seams using the bubble emission orvacuum chamber method.1.2 The technique described in this practice is intended for use on geomembrane seams, patches, and defects.1.3 The values stated in either S
4、I units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values given inparentheses are for information only. stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
5、conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations
6、prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4437D4437/D4437M Practice for Non-destructive Testing (NDT) for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in JoiningFlexible Polymeric Sheet GeomembranesD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4545 Practice for Determining the Integrity of Factory S
7、eams Used in Joining Manufactured Flexible Sheet Geomembranes(Withdrawn 2008)3E515 Practice for Leaks Using Bubble Emission Techniques2.2 E.P.A. Documents:EPA/530/SW-91/051 Inspection Techniques for the Fabrication of Geomembrane Field Seams43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This St
8、andard:3.1.1 geomembrane, nan essentially impermeable geosynthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets. (See TerminologyD4439).3.1.2 seam, nthe connection of two or more pieces of material by mechanical, chemical, or fusion methods to provide theintegrity of a single piece of the material.3.1.3
9、 vacuum chamber, na device that allows a vacuum to be applied to a surface.3.1.3.1 DiscussionIn geomembranes, typical seams would include adhesive bonded, bodied chemical fusion welds; chemical fusion welds; dielectric;dual hot wedge; fillet extrusion; flat extrusion; hot air; single hot wedge; and
10、ultrasonic. (See EPA/530/SW-91/051.)1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.Current edition approved June 1, 2011July 1, 2016. Published July 2011October 2016. Originally approved in 1994
11、. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 asD5641 94 (2011). (2006). DOI: 10.1520/D5641-94R11.10.1520/D5641_D5641M-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer
12、 to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.Publishing Office, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washing
13、ton, DC20401-0001, http:/www.gpo.gov.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM re
14、commends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1NOTE 1For d
15、efinition of other terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D4439.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The basic principle of this practice consists of creating a pressure differential across a seam and observing for bubbles ina film of foaming solution over the low pressure side, within the vacuum ch
16、amber. The vacuum chamber has a viewing port thatallows observation of the seam area being tested. The foaming solution is applied to the surface to be tested and the vacuumchamber is placed over the test area. As the chamber is held firmly in place, vacuum is applied. Air leakage through flaws in t
17、hetest area cause bubbles in the foaming solution that may be observed.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is a nondestructive evaluation intended to be used for quality control purposes during factory or field seamingof geomembranes.5.2 This practice may also be used to evaluate geomembrane pa
18、nels for holes that penetrate the entire thickness of material.Limitations on the test practice are that it may not be suitable for uneven or curved surfaces, thick seams, seams in corners, andthin extensible geomembranes.6. Apparatus6.1 Vacuum PumpThe vacuum pump shall be fuel or electric powered a
19、nd capable of sustaining the required vacuum for theduration of the test.6.2 Vacuum GaugeThe vacuum gauge shall be capable of registering, as a minimum, to 70 kPa (10 psi)10 psi 70 kPa inincrements of 5 kpa (34 psi).psi 5 kpa.6.3 Calibration and AdjustmentThe calibration of the vacuum gauge shall be
20、 checked and adjusted periodically, and routinelyat a minimum of once every twelve months.6.4 Foaming SolutionThe foaming solution shall be pre-mixed with water at a ratio conducive to the formation of bubbles.It shall be dispensed by spray, brush, or any other convenient means. The foaming solution
21、 shall be compatible with thegeomembrane.NOTE 2If the component to be tested has parts made of polyethylene or structural plastics, the test fluid must not promote environmental stresscracking (E.S.C.). (See Test Method E515.)6.5 Vacuum ChamberThe vacuum chamber shall have an open bottom and a clear
22、 viewing panel on top. It shall be anappropriate and convenient size and shape, made of rigid materials and equipped with a vacuum gauge, valve, and soft pliablegasket around the periphery of the open bottom (see Fig. 1).NOTE 3Vacuum chamber equipment may be obtained from the suppliers given in Foot
23、note 5.5 These suppliers are cited only for convenience and5 SeriesA100 Straight SeamTester supplied by theAmerican Parts and Service Company, 2201West CommonwealthAvenue, P.O. Box 702,Alhambra, CA91802.VacuumChamber Test System as supplied by Sinclair Equipment Company, 6686 A Merchandise Way, Diam
24、ond Springs, CA 95619. Columbine International, Ltd., 5441 MerchantCircle, Placerville, CA 95667.FIG. 1 Vacuum ChamberD5641/D5641M 162no commercial endorsement is expressed or implied by incorporation into this practice.7. Procedure7.1 The area of the seam to be evaluated should be clean and free of
25、 soil or foreign objects that might prohibit a good seal frombeing formed between the vacuum chamber and the geomembrane.7.2 Energize the vacuum pump.7.3 Wet an area immediately adjacent to and including the geomembrane seam or test area measuring approximately twice thewidth and length of the vacuu
26、m chamber with a foaming solution.7.4 Place the vacuum chamber over the wet area of the geomembrane such that the gasket is in complete contact with thegeomembrane surface, and the test area is centered under the viewing port.7.5 Apply a normal force to the top of the vacuum chamber to effect a seal
27、 and open the vacuum valve.7.6 Ensure that a leak tight seal is created between the vacuum chamber gasket and the geomembrane material. For most cases,a minimum vacuum of 28 to 55 kPa (4 to 82 to 8 inches of mercury (1 to 4 psi) as registered on the vacuum gauge should beappropriate.7.7 With the vac
28、uum applied, maintain the normal force and observe the geomembrane seam or test area through the viewingport for bubbles resulting from the flow of air through defects in the seam. The vacuum should be held over the test site for aduration of not less than 10 s. If the vacuum cannot be held for the
29、minimum 10 s, the test area shall be marked as untested. Itis essential that the viewing port remain clean at all times to facilitate unobstructed viewing.7.8 If bubbles appear on the geomembrane seam, turn the three-way vacuum valve to vent the chamber and remove the vacuumchamber from the seam. Th
30、e defective area should then be marked for repair.7.9 If bubbles do not appear through the geomembrane seam within the specified dwell time, turn the vacuum valve to vent thechamber and remove the chamber from the seam.7.10 Move the vacuum chamber to the adjoining portion of the seam or test area ov
31、erlapping the previously tested area by adistance no less than 10 % of the minimum chamber length or at least 50 mm (2 in.),2 in. 50 mm, whichever is the greater andrepeat the procedure until the entire seam has been tested.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Identification of the ge
32、omembrane material, including type of polymer, source, thickness, reinforced or nonreinforcedsheeting, seaming system used, ambient temperature, seam tested, seam width, date of seam fabrication, and date of seamevaluation, and results of seam evaluation,NOTE 4The intent of the form is not to imply
33、that each VCT is to be recorded on said form.8.1.2 Documentation of the typical vacuum pressure and hold duration and latest pressure gauge calibrations,8.1.3 Identification of the location and approximate size of all defective areas, and8.1.4 Identification of foaming solution used for the test and
34、 if different types were used, the location of use for each type.D5641/D5641M 1639. Keywords9.1 bubble emission testing; geomembrane; nondestructive testing; seam; testing; vacuum; vacuum chamberAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. Evaluation FormFIG. X1.1 Evaluation FormD5641/D5641M 164ASTM Intern
35、ational takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely t
36、heir own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should
37、 be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standa
38、rds, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 165
