1、Designation: D5618 94 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Barnacle Adhesion Strength in Shear1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of barnacleadhesion in shear to surfaces exposed in the marine environ-ment.
3、 It is used to establish the ability of a surface to reducebiofouling adhesion. Surfaces with known barnacle adhesionstrengths are included to serve as controls.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This stand
4、ard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AS
5、TM Standards:2D3623 Test Method for Testing Antifouling Panels in Shal-low Submergence2.2 U.S. Military Specifications:MIL-P-24441/1 Primer, Epoxy (Formula 150, FormulaSheet 24441/1)33. Summary of Test Method3.1 Test surfaces and coatings are immersed in the marineenvironment according to Test Metho
6、d D3623. When barnaclesare observed to have settled on the surface, the strength ofadhesion of individuals is measured. Barnacle adhesive shearstrength is calculated by dividing the shear force required toremove the barnacle by the surface area of the barnacle baseplate. This test method is most sui
7、ted to small barnacles(generally with base diameters between 5 to 20 mm).3.2 The diameter of the barnacle base is measured and anincreasing shear force is applied to the base of the barnacleuntil it is removed from the surface.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is designed as a screening te
8、st in theevaluation of coating systems and other materials designed toresist biofouling attachment.4.2 The degree and type of barnacle fouling will varyaccording to the geographic location of test sites and the timeof year when tests are implemented. Surfaces with knownbarnacle adhesive shear streng
9、th should be exposed to providecomparative data.5. Interferences45.1 Variations in barnacle adhesion strength may occur dueto differences in species, age, and physical condition.5.2 Incomplete removal of the barnacle base plate from thesurface during testing may lead to erroneous adhesion values.5.3
10、 Care must be taken not to dislodge the barnacle duringbase diameter measurements.6. Apparatus6.1 Hand-Held Probe, used to apply force to the barnaclebase. It is recommended that a 14- by 14-mm stainless steelplate be attached to the end of a 8-mm diameter stainless steelrod that is attached to a fo
11、rce measuring device (see Fig. 1).6.2 Force Measuring Device, maybe a spring scale or forcetransducer.6.2.1 The force measuring device should be capable ofrecording values between 0 to 150 N (0 to 34 lb) to an accuracyof 60.5N(60.1125 lb).7. Procedure7.1 Test and control surfaces are immersed in the
12、 marineenvironment according to Test Method D3623. Control sur-faces should include polytetrafluoroethylene and MIL-P-24441primer epoxy.7.2 Barnacles between 5 to 20 mm in diameter are selectedfor testing and identified with regard to species and condition.1This test method is under the jurisdiction
13、 of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.45 on Marine Coatings.Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5618 94 (2005)
14、.DOI: 10.1520/D5618-94R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Doc
15、uments Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.4Swain, G. W. J., Griffith, J., Bultman, D., and Vincent, H., “ Barnacle AdhesionMeasurements for the Field Evaluation of Candidate Antifouling Surfaces, Biofoul-ing,” Vol 6, 1992,
16、pp. 105114.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Test only barnacles that are at least 20 mm from the edges ofthe test panel and not in direct contact with other barnacles.7.3 The barnacle base area is estimated from an ave
17、ragebase diameter, da. This is obtained by measuring the barnaclebase with calipers in four directions (0, 45, 90, 135). Thebarnacle base area, A, is then calculated as follows:A 514p da2(1)7.4 The probe is placed at the base of the barnacle.7.5 A shear force is applied with a hand-held probe to the
18、barnacle base at a rate of approximately 4.5 N/s (1 lb/s) untilthe barnacle becomes detached. Take care to apply the forceparallel to the surface.7.6 The force required for detachment is noted, and obser-vations are made as to the mode of failure. If more than 10 %of the barnacle base plate is left
19、attached to the substrate, thetest is deemed void.8. Calculations and Interpretation of Results8.1 The strength of adhesion, t, (Pascals) is calculated bydividing the force required to remove the barnacle, F, (New-tons) by the area of the barnacle base plate, A, (square metres)as follows:t5F/A (2)8.
20、2 For each test surface the mean and standard deviation ofthe strength of adhesion, t, is calculated.8.3 The strength of adhesion values for test surfaces arecompared to the control surfaces of known adhesion.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 For test panels report the substrate em
21、ployed, the typeof coating, and the days exposed,9.1.2 Report the number of tests, their mean and range, andthe species of barnacle,9.1.3 Report the overall fouling and condition of the surfaceaccording to Method D3623, and9.1.4 Provide similar data for the exposed control surfacesso that comparativ
22、e conclusions with regard to adhesionstrength can be drawn.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionOn the basis of static immersion of controlsurfaces at Florida Institute of Technology5(poly-tetrafluoroethylene and MIL-P-24441 primer epoxy) the fol-lowing results were obtained:Test Surface MIL-P-24441
23、primer epoxy PolytetrafluoroethyleneBarnacle species Balanus eburneus Balanus eburneusDate September 2, 1992 September 2, 1992Days exposure 20 57Number of readings 14 10Mean, MPa 2.060 0.896Standard deviation MPa 0.527 0.16595 % Confidence interval 0.304 0.11899 % Confidence interval 0.424 0.16910.2
24、 BiasBias is being determined.11. Keywords11.1 antifouling; barnacle adhesion; shear strengthASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinati
25、on of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdr
26、awn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your
27、comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single
28、 or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).5The tests were run at the Florida Institute of Technology Static Immersion Site,Indian River Lagoon, Grant, Florida.FIG. 1 Probe Design for the Detachment of BarnaclesD5618 94 (2011)2
