1、Designation: D 5571 94 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forEnvironmental Stress Crack Resistance (ESCR) of PlasticTighthead Drums Not Exceeding 60 Gal (227 L) in RatedCapacity1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5571; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides an indication of the
3、environ-mental stress crack resistance of plastic tighthead drums as asummation of the effects of container design, resin, manufac-turing conditions, field performance, and other factors.1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate a plasticdrums resistance to failure by cracking when in the presenc
4、eof chemical and physical stresses.1.3 Two procedures are provided as follows:1.3.1 Procedure AInternal pressure stress crack resistancemethod to nonyl phenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol solution,a stress cracking reagent. The internal pressure is controlled ata constant elevated pressure and tempera
5、ture.1.3.2 Procedure BTop-load stress crack resistancemethod to nonyl phenoxypoly ethanol, a stress crackingreagent. The compressive top load is controlled at a constantweight while maintaining an elevated temperature.1.4 Although these procedures are not designed to test theability of the closure o
6、r closure gasket material to retain the testreagent, the inclusion of closure failure as a container failuremode is optional. However, leakage through a closure mayaffect the internal pressure that could affect the test results.1.5 This test method does not attempt to address all factorsthat could l
7、ead to stress cracking of plastic drums. The user ofthis standard may use other test parameters, such as top loads,chemical reagents, etc., as agreed upon between the user andsupplier in the event of a drum qualification or purchaseagreement.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regard
8、edas the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determ
9、ine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warningstatements are given in 6.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD 4577 Test Method for Compression Resistance of aContainer Under Constant LoadE 122 Prac
10、tice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate withSpecified Tolerable Error the Average Quality of a Lot orProcess3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsReference Terminology D 996 for defini-tions of terms applicable to this test method.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 environmental stre
11、ss cracka crack that developswhen a plastic drum is exposed to chemical and physicalstresses.3.2.2 plastic tighthead drumA non-removable head plas-tic drum, maximum capacity not exceeding 60 gal (227 L),with openings for filling and emptying not exceeding 2.76 in.(70 mm) in diameter.3.2.3 stress cra
12、ck failureany environmental stress crackthat penetrates through the thickness of the drum resulting in aloss or leakage of the test reagent shall be interpreted as afailure.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Procedure AExposes a minimum of three partly filledplastic drums to the action of a stress crackin
13、g reagent, withinthe container, at an elevated internal pressure and elevatedtemperature. The test duration shall be 14 days, or as specifiedby the user.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.23 on NaturalEnv
14、ironment Test Methods.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 557194 (2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Ann
15、ual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 Procedure BExposes a minimum of three plasticdrums to a mechanical top
16、load at elevated temperatures. Thedrums are filled with a stress cracking reagent and sealed priorto the load being applied. The test duration shall be 14 days, oras specified by the user.5. Significance and Use5.1 These procedures provide an indication of the environ-mental stress-crack resistance
17、of plastic tighthead drums. Thistest method may be used for determining the applicability ofvarious plastic resins, mold designs, processing techniques andparameters for plastic tighthead drums.5.2 Environmental stress cracking is indicative of whatresults when a container is exposed to chemical age
18、nts such assoaps, organics, bleaches, or any surface active solutions whileunder conditions of stress.5.3 Environmental stress cracking is a mechanism of chemi-cal attack that is highly dependent upon the test reagent, resin,drum manufacturing or processing history, exposure tempera-ture, and applie
19、d stress. The combination of these factors mayresult in eventual stress crack failure.5.4 Both procedures minimize the potential for test variabil-ity by providing the user with rigidly defined test conditions.This test method may be used as design qualification andauditing tools for plastic tighthe
20、ad drums.5.5 This test method is not meant to provide a quantitativevalue of measurement (that is, number of days to failure). It isintended only as a pass/fail procedure in accordance withusers specifications, or as agreed upon between the user andsupplier. It is not intended as a predictor or indi
21、cator of fieldperformance regarding time to failure.6. Apparatus6.1 Environmental ChamberThe environmental chambershould be capable of maintaining a temperature control of62.5F (61.4C) of set point. For best circulation and aconstant temperature throughout, a forced air system is recom-mended.6.2 To
22、p LoadRequires free weights (dead load) be placedon top of the specimens in amounts necessary to equal thespecified top load. The deadload base should be of sufficientdimensions to completely cover the top perimeter of the drum.A calibrated pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder may be substi-tuted for the
23、 free weights provided that a floating-head platenis used. (WarningThe potential exists for catastrophicstress-crack failure causing an instability of the applied top-load. Precautionary steps should be taken (that is, allow drumfailure but restrain the top load) to reduce the chance of injuryto the
24、 operator or damage to the chamber and surrounding testdrums.)6.3 For Procedure A Only:6.3.1 The essential parts of this apparatus are shown in Fig.1. The necessary equipment is as follows:6.3.1.1 Clean (Compressed) Air Supply, of sufficient pres-sure to operate regulator and maintain regulated pres
25、sure todrums.6.3.1.2 Pressure Regulator, to reduce line pressure to 2.060.1 psi (13.8 6 0.7 kPa).6.3.1.3 Pressure Gages, calibrated to indicate a pressure of2.0 6 0.05 psi (13.8 6 0.34 kPa).6.3.1.4 Ball Valvesee Fig. 2.6.3.1.5 Pressure Relief Valve, to prevent over pressurizing(ruptured disc-type re
26、commended).7. Reagent7.1 Nonyl Phenoxypoly Ethanol SolutionPrepare a 10 %solution, by volume, of the stress cracking agent and water insufficient volume to fill the specified number of drums to 10 %rated capacity for Procedure A, and to rated capacity forProcedure B. (It may be helpful to add an ind
27、icator dye to thesolution to aid in the detection of micro-leaks).NOTE 1Due to the viscosity of the stress cracking agent, it may behelpful to prepare the solution at an elevated temperature. A maximumtemperature of 122F (50C) is an acceptable level provided caution isused to avoid prolonged heating
28、 and eventual volume losses.8. Sampling8.1 A minimum of three drums is required for this test.When possible, for direct comparison, the test drums should beproduced by the same process under identical conditions fromthe same production lot. It is suggested that the test drum resin,FIG. 1 Apparatus f
29、or Procedure AFIG. 2 Quick Connect With Ball ValveD 5571 94 (2005)2machine, mold (if applicable) and process conditions bethoroughly documented to improve statistical reliability of thetest data (see Practice E 122).9. Conditioning9.1 Condition empty test drums at ambient conditions for 48h prior to
30、 testing.10. Procedure10.1 Procedure AInternal Pressure Stress Crack Resis-tance Method:10.1.1 Place the chamber set point at 122F (50.0C) andallow it to reach equilibrium. Precondition test reagent to 1226 2.5F (50.0 6 1.4C) and fill each test specimen to 10 % ofrated capacity with the precondition
31、ed test reagent. Apply theclosures and torque according to the drum manufacturersrecommendations. Invert the drum and then place on its sideand roll the drum a distance equal to twice the circumferencein order to thoroughly coat the inside surfaces of the drum withthe reagent. Place test specimens u
32、pright in the chamber on aneven horizontal surface.10.1.2 Affix air pressure apparatus to top head of drum andapply 2.0 6 0.1 psi (13.8 6 1.4 kPa) pressure. Check drum forleaks around fittings and closures at start of test, and again after8 h. Any leaks should be noted and sealed.10.1.3 Visually ins
33、pect the test specimens every 24 h for anyevidence of stress crack failure. Recoat the inside surfaces ofthe drum with test reagent every 48 h. Recoating is performedby closing the ball valve (to maintain internal pressure),detaching the air supply, and inverting the drum and rolling ita distance eq
34、ual to twice its circumference. If no stress cracksare evident (which would be indicated by bubbling or leakingof the reagent through the failure) immediately put the drumback on test with the applied air pressure. If stress cracks areevident, record the location of the failure. If test drums haveno
35、t failed after a predetermined duration, the test is terminatedwith the drums successfully meeting established criteria.10.2 Procedure BTop Load Stress Crack ResistanceMethod:10.2.1 Place the oven set point control at 122F (50C) andallow it to reach equilibrium. Precondition test reagent to 1226 2.5
36、F (50.0 6 1.4C). Fill each specimen to its ratedcapacity with the preconditioned test reagent. Apply non-vented closures to the drum and torque according to the drummanufacturers recommendations. Place the test specimensupright in the oven on an even horizontal surface.NOTE 2If the drum is normally
37、shipped with vented closures then thetest may be performed using vented closures, however the results mightdiffer from drums tested with non-vented closures.10.2.2 The top load test shall conform to Test MethodD 4577. Place the top load (as recommended in Table 1,orasagreed upon between user and sup
38、plier) on the drum.NOTE 3The potential exists for catastrophic drum failure. Care shouldbe taken to prevent reagent spillage and ensure top load stability (see 6.2).For drums with rated capacities other than those in Table 1, with capacitiesexceeding 7 gal (26.5 L), the top load values may be determ
39、ined bymultiplying the rated capacity by 20 lbs (9.0 kg).10.2.3 Inspect the test drums every 24 h for any evidence ofstress crack failure. Inspection is performed without removingthe top load from the test drum. Stress cracks may be moreeasily detected by placing the drum on a moisture indicatingmed
40、ium, such as paper. The moisture indicating medium willallow the detection of small leaks which otherwise mayevaporate. Record the location of any failure that occurs. If thetest drums have not failed after a predetermined duration, thetest is terminated with the drum successfully meeting theestabli
41、shed performance criteria.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Procedure used (Procedure A or B),11.1.2 Complete description of the drums tested, includingstyle, resin properties, processing conditions, pigment loadinglevels, percent of regrind resin, closures (vented or non-vented
42、), and any other pertinent information,11.1.3 Number of drums tested,11.1.4 Reagent or product description,11.1.5 Temperature conditioning levels,11.1.6 Applied air pressure or top load value,11.1.7 Method and frequency of evaluation for stress-crackfailure,11.1.8 Method and frequency of inspection
43、and recoating,11.1.9 Detailed description of pass/fail criteria and how thetest specimen performed to the criteria, and11.1.10 Location and types of failures.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Precision and BiasNo statement is made about eitherthe precision or bias of this test method for measuringenvironme
44、ntal stress crack resistance since the results merelystate whether there is conformance to the performance criteriaspecified in the procedure.13. Keywords13.1 drum; environmental stress crack; internal pressure;plastic; stacking; stress crack; tightheadTABLE 1 Recommended Top LoadsDrum Rated Capacit
45、y, gal (L) Top Load Weight, lbs (kg)5 thru 7 (18.9 thru 26.5) 200 (90.6)15 (56.8) 300 (136.0)30 (113.6) 600 (272.2)55 (208.2) 1100 (499.0)D 5571 94 (2005)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard.
46、 Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed e
47、very five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible tec
48、hnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5571 94 (2005)4
