1、Designation: D 5444 05Standard Test Method forMechanical Size Analysis of Extracted Aggregate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5444; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determinationof the particle size distribution of fine and coarse aggregatesextracted from bit
3、uminous mixtures using sieves with squareopenings.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibi
4、lity of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction Mater
5、ialsD 2172 Test Method for Quantitative Extraction of Bitumenfrom Bituminous Paving MixturesD 6307 Test Method for Asphalt Content of Hot-Mix As-phalt by Ignition MethodE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes2.2 AASHTO Standard:AASHTO Test Method T 30 Mechanical Analysis of E
6、x-tracted Aggregate33. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is used to determine the grading ofaggregates extracted from bituminous mixtures. The results areused to determine compliance of the particle size distributionwith applicable specifications requirements, and to providenecessary data for
7、 control of the production of various aggre-gates to be used in bituminous mixtures.4. Apparatus4.1 Balances, or scales, readable to 0.1 g and accurate to 0.1g or 0.1 % of the test load, whichever is greater, at any pointwithin the range of use.4.2 Sieves, with square openings, mounted on substantia
8、lframes constructed in a manner that will prevent the loss ofmaterials during sieving. Suitable sieve sizes shall be selectedto furnish the information required by the specificationscovering the material to be tested. The woven wire cloth sievesshall conform to the requirements of Specification E11.
9、4.3 Mechanical Sieve ShakerIf used, it shall impart avertical, or lateral and vertical, motion to the sieve, causing theparticles thereon to bounce and turn so as to present differentorientations to the sieving surface. The sieving action shall besuch that the criterion for adequacy of sieving descr
10、ibed in 6.8is met in a reasonable time period.4.4 Oven, of appropriate size, capable of maintaining auniform temperature of 110 6 5C (230 6 9F).4.5 ContainerA pan or vessel of a size sufficient tocontain the sample covered with water and to permit vigorousagitation without loss of any of the sample
11、or water.5. Sample5.1 The sample shall consist of the entire sample of aggre-gate from Test Method D 2172 or Test Method D 6307.5.1.1 Aggregate extracted by the ignition method in TestMethod D 6307 shall not be used for gradation analysis if thecorrection factor obtained in Test Method D 6307 is gre
12、aterthan 1.0 (see Note 1).5.2 The size of the test sample shall be governed by thenominal maximum aggregate size and shall conform to themass requirements shown in Table I.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility o
13、f Subcommittee D04.51 onAggregate Tests.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2005. Published February 2005. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 5444 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm
14、.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials, 444 N. Capitol St., N.W., Washington, DC 20001.TABLE 1 Size of SampleMinimum Mass ofSample
15、, kg4.75 (No. 4) 0.59.5 (38 in.) 112.5 (12 in.) 1.519.0 (34 in.) 225.0 (1 in.) 337.5 (112 in.) 41Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 1The temperatures used during the ignition method of asphaltcontent determination ca
16、n cause temperature-related deterioration, such ascalcination of some carbonate minerals, and quartz phase transitions4.These reactions can result in particle breakdown, which will yieldgradation results that are finer than the actual material that was used in themixture.6. Procedure6.1 Dry the samp
17、le at 110 6 5C (230 6 9F) to constantweight. Determine the weight to the nearest 0.1 % of thesample weight. The total weight of aggregate in the bituminousmixture being tested is the sum of the weights of the driedaggregates and the mineral matter contained in the extractedbitumen. When using Test M
18、ethod D 2172, the latter is to betaken as the sum of the weight of ash in the extract and theincrease in weight of the filter element as determined in the testmethod.6.2 After drying and weighing the test sample, place it in acontainer and cover it with water. Add a sufficient amount ofwetting agent
19、 to ensure a thorough separation of the materialfiner than the 75-m sieve from the coarser particles (see Note2). The contents of the container shall be agitated vigorouslyand the washwater poured immediately over a nest of twosieves consisting of a 2.00 or 1.18-mm sieve superimposed ona 75-m sieve.
20、 The use of a large spoon to stir and agitate theaggregate in the washwater has been found satisfactory.NOTE 2Wetting agents may include any dispersing agent such as aliquid detergent, or a soap, that will promote the separation of finematerial. There should be enough wetting agent to produce a smal
21、l amountof suds when the sample is agitated. The quantity of wetting agent willdepend on the hardness of the water and quality of the agent. Excessivesuds may overflow the sieves and carry some material with them.6.3 The agitation shall be sufficiently vigorous to result incomplete separation from t
22、he coarse particles of all particlesfiner than the 75-m sieve and to bring them into suspension sothat they may be removed by decantation of the washwater.Take care to avoid decantation of the coarse particles of thesample as much as possible. Repeat the operation until anywetting agent used is remo
23、ved and the washwater is clear.6.4 Return all material retained on the nested sieves to thecontainer. Dry the washed aggregate in the container toconstant weight at a temperature of 110 6 5C (230 6 9F),and weigh to the nearest 0.1 % of the original dry weight of thesample.6.5 Then sieve the aggregat
24、e over sieves of the various sizesrequired by the specification covering the mixture, includingthe 75-m sieve. Record the weight of material passing eachsieve and retained on the next and the amount passing the75-m sieve. The summation of these various weights mustcheck the dried weight after washin
25、g within 0.2 % of the totalweight.Add the weight of dry material passing the 75-m sieveby dry sieving to the weight of mineral matter in the bitumenand the weight removed by washing in order to obtain the totalpassing the 75-m sieve. If it is desired to check the weight ofmaterial washed through the
26、 75-m sieve, the washwater maybe evaporated to dryness or filtered through a tared filter paperthat is dried and weighed subsequently. Convert the weights offractions retained on the various sieves and the total passing the75-m sieve to percentages by dividing each by the totalweight of aggregate in
27、 the bituminous mixture from 6.1.6.6 Nest the sieves in order of decreasing size of openingfrom top to bottom, and place the sample on the top sieve.Agitate the sieves by hand or by mechanical apparatus for asufficient period, established by trial or checked by measure-ment on the actual test sample
28、, to meet the criterion foradequacy of sieving described in 6.7.6.7 Limit the quantity of material on a given sieve so that allparticles have the opportunity to reach sieve openings anumber of times during the sieving operation. For sieves withopenings smaller than 4.75-mm (No. 4), the weight retain
29、ed onany sieve at the completion of the sieving operation shall notexceed 6 kg/m2(4 g/in.2) of sieving surface. For sieves withopenings 4.75 mm (No. 4) and larger, the weight in kg/m2ofsieving surface shall not exceed the product of 2.5 3 (sieveopening in mm). In no case shall the weight be so great
30、 as tocause permanent deformation of the sieve cloth.6.8 Continue sieving for a sufficient period and in suchmanner that, after completion, not more than 0.5 % by weightof the total sample passes any sieve during 1 min of continuoushand sieving performed as follows: hold the individual sieve,provide
31、d with a snug-fitting pan and cover, in a slightlyinclined position in one hand. Strike the side of the sievesharply and with an upward motion against the inclinedposition in one hand. Strike the side of the sieve sharply andwith an upward motion against the heel of the other hand at arate of approx
32、imately 150 times per minute, turning the sieveapproximately one-sixth of a revolution at intervals of approxi-mately 25 strokes. In determining the sufficiency of sieving forsizes larger than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve, limit the materialson the sieve to a single layer of particles. If the size of t
33、hemounted testing sieves makes the described sieving motionimpractical, use 203-mm (8-in.) diameter sieves to verify thesufficiency of sieving.7. Calculation7.1 Calculate the results of the sieve analysis as follows: (1)total percentages passing each sieve, (2) total percentagesretained on each siev
34、e, or (3) percentages retained betweenconsecutive sieves, depending on the form of the specificationsfor use of the material under test. Calculate percentages to thenearest 0.1 %.8. Report8.1 Depending on the form of the specification for use of thematerial under test, report the following informati
35、on:8.1.1 Total percentage of material passing each sieve, or8.1.2 Total percentage of material retained on each sieve, or8.1.3 Percentage of material retained between consecutivesieves.8.2 Report percentages to the nearest whole number exceptfor the percentage passing the 75-m (No. 200) sieve, which
36、shall be reported to the nearest 0.1 %.4Information presented by Chris Rogers at the Annual Symposium of the“International Center for Aggregate Research,” April, 2004, Denver, CO.D54440529. Precision and Bias9.1 PrecisionThe estimates of precision for this testmethod are listed in Table 2. The estim
37、ates are based on theresults from the AASHTO Materials Reference LaboratoryProficiency Sample Program, with testing conducted byAASHTO Test Method T 30. The data are based on analyses ofthe test results from 47 to 133 laboratories who tested 14 pairsof proficiency test samples (Samples No. 1 through
38、 28). Thevalues in the table are given for different ranges of total percentof aggregate passing a sieve.9.2 BiasThis test method has no bias since the valuesdetermined can be defined only in terms of this test method.10. Keywords10.1 aggregate; extraction; gradationASTM International takes no posit
39、ion respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibilit
40、y.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM
41、 International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address s
42、hown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-8
43、32-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 2 PrecisionTotal Percent ofMaterial PassingStandardDeviation(1s), %AAcceptableRange ofTwoResults(d2s),A%Extracted Aggregate:BSingle-operator precision 0 0.2 0.5Multilaboratory precision 0 0.3 0.9AThese numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s) limits described inPractice C 670.BThe precision estimates are based on aggregates with nominal maximum sizesof 19.0 mm (34 in.) to 9.5 mm (38 in.).D5444053
