1、Designation: D5360 09Standard Practice forDesign and Construction of Bituminous SurfaceTreatments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5360; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the design and construction ofbituminous surface treatments. It is a guide and should be usedas such. End-use s
3、pecifications should be adopted to conformto job and user requirements.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This stand
4、ard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautions see
5、Section 9.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD448 Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road andBridge ConstructionD490 Specification for Road TarD946 Specification for Penetration-Graded Asphalt Cementfor Use in Pavement ConstructionD977 Sp
6、ecification for Emulsified AsphaltD1139 Specification for Aggregate for Single or MultipleBituminous Surface TreatmentsD1369 Practice for Quantities of Materials for BituminousSurface TreatmentsD2027 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Medium-CuringType)D2028 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-
7、CuringType)D2397 Specification for Cationic Emulsified AsphaltD2399 Practice for Selection of Cutback AsphaltsD2995 Practice for Estimating Application Rate of Bitumi-nous DistributorsD3381 Specification for Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Cementfor Use in Pavement ConstructionD3628 Practice for Selection
8、and Use of Emulsified As-phaltsD5624 Test Method for Determining the Transverse-Aggregate Spread Rate for Surface TreatmentApplicationsD6114 Specification for Asphalt-Rubber BinderD6154 Specification for Chemically Modified Asphalt Ce-ment for Use in Pavement ConstructionD6373 Specification for Perf
9、ormance Graded AsphaltBinder3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 multiple surface treatmentthe bituminous surfaceproduced by the repeat application of bitumen and aggregate asecond or even a third time, with the aggregate size usuallybecoming smaller with each appli
10、cation. Each layer is imme-diately rolled, preferably with a pneumatic-tired roller.3.1.2 single surface treatmentthe bituminous surface pro-duced by the application of bitumen to a prepared surfacefollowed at once by an aggregate cover. The surface isimmediately rolled, preferably with a pneumatic-
11、tired roller.3.1.3 surface treatmentan application of bituminous ma-terial followed by a layer of mineral aggregate. Multipleapplications of bituminous material and mineral aggregate maybe used.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is to be used as a guide and not aspecification.5. Ordering Infor
12、mation5.1 Orders for seal coat and surface treatment materialsunder this guide shall include the following information:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road andPaving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.24 onBituminous Surface Treatments.Cu
13、rrent edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5360 05. DOI:10.1520/D5360-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book
14、of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.1 Type of bitumen (asphalt cement, emulsified asphalt,cutback asphalt, road tar)
15、 specification designation,5.1.2 Grade of bitumen,5.1.3 Quantity of bitumen required,5.1.4 Type of aggregate (crushed stone, crushed gravel,crushed slag, gravel, slag) specification designation,5.1.5 Size or sizes of aggregate to be furnished,5.1.6 Quantity of aggregate required, and5.1.7 Special re
16、quirements.6. Aggregate6.1 Cover Aggregate, shall conform to Specification D1139and Classification D448.6.2 SizeAggregate should be as close to one size as iseconomically practical, preferably in the range of12 to14 in.(13 to 6 mm) for single surface treatments. For multiple surfacetreatments, aggre
17、gate in the range of 1 to12 in. (25 to 13 mm)is used for the bottom layer with each successive layer usingaggregate approximately12 the size of the previous aggregatelayer. Larger sizes may be used in multiple treatments.NOTE 1Aggregates larger than12 in. (13 mm) can cause objection-able tire noise.
18、NOTE 2Aggregates finer than18 in. (3 mm) are difficult to spreadevenly. Also, the finer the aggregate, the smaller is the tolerable range forthe bituminous material application rate.6.3 ShapeThe ideal shape is cubical. Flat or elongatedparticles are undesirable. Flat particles tend to become aligned
19、on their flat sides and may be completely covered withbituminous material when enough is used to hold the cubicalparticles in place. Rounded particles tend to roll and have poorretention, and therefore, are undesirable.6.4 CleanlinessClean aggregate is extremely important. Ifthe coarse aggregate par
20、ticles are dusty or coated with finematerial, the bituminous material may not adhere to theaggregate, resulting in loss of cover aggregate and poorperformance. It is recommended that the fraction passing theNo. 200 mesh screen not exceed 1 % by weight.7. Bitumen7.1 When asphalt cement is used, it sh
21、all conform to one ofthe following specifications: D946, D3381, D6114, D6154,orD6373.NOTE 3The grade of asphalt cement to be used depends on climaticconditions and amount and type of traffic.7.2 When cutback asphalt is used, it shall conform to eitherSpecification D2027 or Specification D2028.NOTE 4
22、Selection of cutback type (rapid-cure or medium-cure) andgrade depends on the type of construction, climatic conditions, amountand nature of traffic, and cleanliness of aggregate. Refer to Practice D2399for selection guide.7.3 When emulsified asphalt is used, it shall conform toeither Specification
23、D977 or Specification D2397.NOTE 5The emulsified asphalt type and grade to be used depends onthe type of construction, climatic conditions, amount and nature of traffic,and cleanliness of aggregate. Use Practice D3628 for a selection guide.Other types of emulsified asphalt may be used if experience
24、has shownthat satisfactory performance will result.7.4 When road tar is used, it shall conform to SpecificationD490.8. Application Rates8.1 The bituminous material application rate shall be esti-mated by using Practice D1369 for guidance.8.2 The bituminous material shall be applied by a bitumi-nous
25、distributor that has been calibrated for transverse andlongitudinal application rate by Practice D2995.8.3 The aggregate application rate shall be estimated byusing Practice D1369 as a guide.8.4 The aggregate shall be applied by a self-propelledmechanical spreader or other aggregate spreading device
26、 that iscapable of uniformly spreading the aggregate at the desired rateand width. The spreader shall be calibrated to apply thequantity of cover aggregate indicated by the design require-ments for a given project. This calibration can be accomplishedwith several sheets of canvas, each being one squ
27、are yard(square metre), and a suitable scale. This is done in a mannersimilar to Test Method D5624 for bituminous distributors.9. Precautions9.1 Surface treatment operations should not be carried outduring periods of cold or wet weather, or both. The surfaceshall be clean and dry while performing th
28、e work.9.1.1 The air temperature should be at least 50F (10C) inthe shade and rising before starting the operation. The opera-tion should not be permitted when the temperature is 60F(15.6C) or less and falling.9.1.2 The operation should not be carried out in the rain, orwhen rain is threatening.10.
29、Method of Sampling and Testing10.1 Sample materials in accordance with Practice D140.10.2 Calibrate application equipment in accordance with thefollowing standards:10.2.1 Determining Application Rate of BituminousDistributorsPractice D2995.10.2.2 Determining the Transverse Aggregate Spread Ratefor S
30、urface Treatment ApplicationsTest Method D5624.11. Construction Procedure11.1 Patch potholes, fill cracks, and repair damaged areas inexisting pavement or consolidated base.11.2 The surface to be covered should be cleaned with arotary broom or other approved means.11.3 Spray bituminous material at t
31、he specified rate andproper temperature for type and grade of material. The recom-mended viscosity range for spraying is 20120 cSt, kinematic(approximately 1060 SFS). A guide to the range that encom-passes the correct spraying temperature for various types andgrades of material can be found in the a
32、ppropriate standard forthe material (that is, asphalt cement, cutback asphalt, emulsi-fied asphalt, road tar).NOTE 6The flash point of some grades of bituminous materials isbelow 250F (121C); therefore, caution must be used when applying heatto these materials.11.4 Spread cover aggregate at the spec
33、ified rate immedi-ately behind the bituminous material spray application toD5360 092achieve maximum possible chip wetting depth. This is essen-tial in the case of asphalt cement and road tar because of therapid increase in viscosity with cooling, and is greatly desirablein the case of asphalt emulsi
34、ons and cutback asphalts tomaximize the meniscus effect. The cover aggregate should beplaced on the bituminous material within 2 min of thebituminous application.11.5 Roll the surface immediately after application of thecover aggregate, preferably with a pneumatic-tired roller, toseat chips in the b
35、ituminous membrane. The speed of the rollershould not exceed 5 mph. Depending on environment condi-tions, type and amount of bituminous material, three (3) passesof a 12 to 15-ton pneumatic-tired roller are normally used.Initial rolling of the aggregate should occur within 5 min of theapplication of
36、 the bituminous material, and the final of thethree coverages should be completed within 30 min.11.6 Control traffic speed until bituminous material has set.It is recommended that traffic speed not exceed 20 mph for aperiod of 4 h after placement of the surface treatment.11.7 For multiple surface tr
37、eatments, repeat steps 11.3-11.6.Successive applications should be applied only after theprevious bituminous surface has set and cured, usually one day.Remove excess aggregate before applying the second or thirdlayer of surface treatment.12. Keywords12.1 chip seal; multiple surface treatment; seal c
38、oat; singlesurface treatment; surface treatmentASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,
39、and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revi
40、sion of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you
41、shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D5360 093
