1、Designation: D 5344 99 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forExtension Force of Partially Oriented Yarn1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5344; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of extensionforce developed while drawing a partially oriented filamentyarn betwe
3、en pairs of draw rolls of different surface speeds.1.2 Extension force provides an estimate of the yarn orien-tation.1.3 This test method applies to partially oriented filamentyarns less than 33.3 tex (300 denier), but it can be used forhigher deniers by applying the test conditions as directed inAp
4、pendix X1.1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are tobe regarded separately as standards. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated ineach system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining
5、 valuesfrom the two systems may result in inaccuracy in the results.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the a
6、pplica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Related to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod t
7、hat Produces Normally Distributed DataD 2906 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimensfor Textiles2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:TEX-PAC33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 drawing, nin textile processing, the process ofstretching or attenuating a material to increase the length perunit mass.3.1.1.1 Discuss
8、ionThis process orients the molecularchains in the length direction of partially oriented yarn.3.1.2 draw ratio (DR), nthe relation of the final length perunit mass to original length per unit mass of a materialresulting from drawing.3.1.3 draw texturing, nfor processing thermoplastic fi-bers, the s
9、imultaneous or sequential process of drawing andimparting crimp, thus producing increased molecular orienta-tion and increased bulk.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe drawing and texturing stages mayoccur in separate, usually consecutive, zones of a machine(sequential draw texturing) or together in the same zone
10、(simultaneous draw texturing).3.1.4 extension, nthe change in length of a material due tostretching.3.1.5 extension force, nthe force required to stretch amaterial to a given length.3.1.6 partially oriented yarn, nfilament yarn in whichpolymer molecules are only partially aligned.3.1.6.1 DiscussionA
11、dditional drawing of partially ori-ented yarn results in full orientation of the polymer moleculesand optimizes the tensile properties of the yarn.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod refer to Terminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Partially oriented filament ya
12、rn withdrawn from a pack-age is pretensioned, heated, and drawn on an instrument underconditions similar to those used in the draw-texturing process.Atension measuring head senses the force required to draw therunning yarn a specified amount of its original length undergiven conditions.1This test me
13、thod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarn Test Methods,General.Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 5344 99.2For refer
14、enced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3PC programs on floppy disks are available through ASTM. For a 312-in.
15、or512-in. disk request ADJD2904.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments because current esti-mates of betw
16、een-laboratory precision are acceptable and themethod is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.5.1.1 If there are differences or practical signficance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statisti
17、cal bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimum, the test samples to be used are ashomogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material fromwhich the disparate test results are obtained, and are assignedrandomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing.Other materia
18、ls with established test values may be used forthis purpose. The test results from the two laboratories shouldbe compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at aprobability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias isfound, either its cause must be found and corrected, or futurete
19、st results must be adjusted in consideration of the knownbias.5.2 Elapsed time between spinning and testing has a markedeffect on the results of the draw tension test, especially duringthe first 24 h. Therefore, if tested within 24 h of spinning,specimens should be compared only if tested after the
20、sameelapsed time. No specimen should be tested within4hofspinning because the aging process is at its most rapid rateduring this period, and the differences in rate due to fiberstructure are most pronounced.5.3 The extension force of manufactured filament yarns isrelated to the alignment of the mole
21、cules in the yarn filaments,which influences the yarn processing behavior. Knowledge ofthis property of partially oriented yarn is useful to determineprocessing conditions.6. Apparatus6.1 Extension Force Measuring Instrument,4,5which willperform the test on a running threadline. This instrumentshoul
22、d include the following: (1) an input section to withdrawthe yarn from a package and position the yarn for delivery tothe drawing section and establish constant tension, (2)adrawing section that should include a constant heat source toprovide for the extension of the yarn, and (3) a means ofrecordin
23、g the force required to draw the yarn.7. Sampling and Test Specimens7.1 Primary Sampling UnitConsider shipping containersof yarns to be the primary sampling unit.7.2 Laboratory Sampling UnitFrom the combined num-ber of primary sampling units in a designated lot, take tenrandomly selected packages as
24、 directed in Practice D 2258 aslaboratory sampling units.7.3 Test SpecimensFor acceptance testing, take one testspecimen from each laboratory sampling unit. For nylon andpolyester, use a 50-m test length. For polypropylene, use a100-m test length.8. Conditioning8.1 Prior to conditioning, prepare the
25、 test packages byremoving at least 100 m (10 yds) of yarn from the outside ofeach test package to avoid testing nonrepresentative yarn. Nopreconditioning is required.NOTE 1Preconditioning is generally not advisable because it prolongsthe time required for conditioning.8.2 Bring the specimens in pack
26、age form to moistureequilibrium for testing in the standard atmosphere for testingtextiles 216 1C (70 6 2F) and 65 6 2 % relative humidityin accordance with Practice D 1776. A 24-h period is usuallysufficient.9. Procedure9.1 Perform all tests in the standard atmosphere for testingtextiles, which is
27、21 6 1C or 70 6 2F and 65 6 2 % relativehumidity.9.2 Calibrate the test instrument as specified by the manu-facturer. Test certified control packages and evaluate themusing statistical procedures to verify calibration.9.3 Test Conditions:9.3.1 Use the test conditions as specified in Table 1 for toth
28、e instrument being used. The use of these conditions willallow for the direct comparison of test results from the twoinstruments.NOTE 2Due to the difference in heater length on the two testinstruments, the draw roll speed is different to maintain the same dwelltime of the yarn in the heater. It is i
29、mportant to maintain the same dwelltime in the heater at a given heat to assure reproducible data for extensionforce test.NOTE 3For conditions other than those given in 9.3.1, see AppendixX1 for test condition optimization, which provides for direct comparisonbetween users.9.4 Procedure for Testing
30、Specimens:9.4.1 Remove surface yarn from the outside of each packageimmediately before the test is run to remove damaged ordisturbed yarn.9.4.2 Mount the test package on a suitable holder.9.4.3 Turn the instrument on.4DYNAFIL, available from Lawson-Himphill Sales, Inc., P.O. Drawer 6388,Spartanburg,
31、 SC 29304, has been found suitable. Textechno, Dohrweg 65, D-41066,Monchengladbach, Germany.5DTI, available from W. Fritz Mezger, Inc., 155 Hall Street, Spartanburg, SC,29302, has been found suitable. Lenzing AG, Lenzing Instruments, Pichlwanger-strasse, 4860 Lenzing, Austria.TABLE 1 Test Conditions
32、DYNAFIL, 7.62-cm HeaterPolymer TypePretensionDraw Roll Speed,m/minHeat,CDrawRatiocN/tex g/denPolyester 0.90 0.10 50 150 1.60Nylon 0.90 0.10 50 150 1.40Polypropylene 0.90 0.10 100 140 1.60DTI, 104-cm HeaterPolymer TypeDraw Roll Speedm/minHeat DrawC RatioPolyester 68.2 150 1.60Nylon 68.2 150 1.40Polyp
33、ropylene 136.5 140 1.60D 5344 99 (2005)29.4.4 Feed the yarn through the instrument as specified bythe instrument operators manual (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).9.4.5 Set the yarn test speed.9.4.6 Check the yarn pretension, if applicable.9.4.7 Run the test for a minimum of 1 min.10. Calculation10.1 Calcula
34、te the average extension force of each packagein the laboratory sample from the chart recorder or input signalto the microprocessor.10.2 Calculate the average extension force and coefficient ofvariation for the lot.11. Report11.1 State that the test was performed as directed in this testmethod.11.2
35、Report the following information for the laboratorysampling unit and for the lot as applicable to a materialspecification or contract order.11.2.1 Lot number, individual package identification, de-nier, and number of filaments of feed yarn.11.2.2 Sampling protocol (number of packages tested andnumbe
36、r of tests per package).11.2.3 Test conditions (see Table 1).11.2.4 Average extension force for each package tested.11.2.5 Average extension force and coefficient of variationfor the lot.11.2.6 Any modifications to the test.12. Precision and Bias12.1 SummaryIn comparing two single observations, thed
37、ifference should not exceed 1.5 percentage points of theaverage of the two observations in 95 out of 100 cases whenboth observations are taken by the same well-trained operatorusing the same piece of test equipment and specimens ran-domly drawn from the same sample of material. Largerdifferences lik
38、ely are to occur under all other circumstances.See 12.2-12.4 for an explanation of the basis for this summaryand for evaluations made under other conditions.12.2 Interlaboratory Test Data6An interlaboratory testwas run in 1995 in which the DYNAFIL and DTI were bothused and randomly drawn samples of
39、three materials (see Table2) were tested in each of six laboratories (five DYNAFILS andone DTI). Two operators in each laboratory tested five speci-mens of each material on two different days. Analysis of thedata was conducted using Practice D 2904, Practice D 2906,and the adjunct TEX-PAC. The compo
40、nents of variance forextension force results expressed as standard deviations areshown in Table 2.12.3 Critical DifferencesFor the components of variancereported in Table 2, two averages of observed values should beconsidered significantly different at the 95 % probability levelif the difference equ
41、als or exceeds those shown in Table 3.12.4 BiasThe procedure of this test method produces atest value that can be defined only in terms of a test method.There is no independent, reference method by which bias maybe determined. This test method has no known bias.13. Keywords13.1 force, extension; yar
42、n; partially-oriented6Supporting data is available from ASTM Headquarters, Request RR:D131103.FIG. 1 Layout of Extension Force Measuring UnitDYNAFILD 5344 99 (2005)3FIG. 2 Layout of Extension Force Measuring UnitDTITABLE 2 Average and Components of VarianceAMaterial Tested GrandAverageSingle-Operato
43、rComponentWithin-LaboratoryComponentBetween-LaboratoryComponentPolyester (POY)127(70)/34 56T 39.97 0.36 0.0 0.65Polyester (POY)265(150)/34 56T 65.01 0.71 0.0 1.49Nylon (POY)95(70)/34 AJ28T 127.33 0.37 0.52 1.33AComponents of variance are given as standard deviations to express thevariability in unit
44、s of measure rather than the squares of those measures.TABLE 3 Critical Differences for Conditions NotedANumber ofObservationsSingle-OperatorPrecisionWithin-LaboratoryPrecisionBetween-LaboratoryPrecisionPolyester (POY) 127(70)/34 56T1 1.0 1.0 2.05 0.4 0.4 1.810 0.3 0.3 1.8Polyester (POY) 265(150)/34
45、 56T1 2.0 2.0 4.65 0.9 0.9 4.210 0.6 0.6 4.2Nylon (POY) 95(70)/34 AJ28T1 1.0 1.8 4.15 0.5 1.5 4.010 0.3 1.5 4.0AThe critical differences were calculated using z = 1.960.D 5344 99 (2005)4APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. OPTIMIZATION OF EXTENSION FORCE TEST CONDITIONSX1.1 The selection of test co
46、nditions (yarn speed, heatertemperature, and draw ratio) that will assure data reproductiv-ity for extension force testing is as follows:X1.1.1 Select a draw ratio (DR) based on the ratio of the tex(denier) of the feed yarn to the drawn yarn, using Eq X1.1:DR 5 F/D (X1.1)where:DR = draw ratio,F = fe
47、ed yarn, tex (denier), andD = drawn yarn, tex (denier).X1.1.2 If a set of draw rolls is not available at the calculatedDR, use the next higher ratio that is attainable.X1.2 Select speed and temperature settings that assureeffective yarn temperatures that exceed the glass transitiontemperature (Tg) o
48、f the yarn being tested. This conditionprovides the most stable results for extension force testing.This condition is met on the flat portion of the curves in Fig.X1.1.X1.2.1 To select speed and temperature combinations, de-velop a series of extension force versus speed plots at increas-ing heater t
49、emperature settings as shown in Fig. X1.1. Selectheater temperatures and speed combinations that fall on the flatportion of the curve.X1.3 The fiber producer should be a source for testconditions that provide the most stable test results for extensionforce testing.FIG. X1.1 Temperature and Speed Effects on Extension ForceD 5344 99 (2005)5ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination o
