1、Designation: D 5331 03Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Mechanical Handling of Unitized LoadsSecured with Stretch Wrap Films1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5331; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers evaluation and comparison ofthe ability of unitizing films to survive vario
3、us methods ofmechanical handling.1.2 The test method described is applicable to commonmeans of material handling, including the following: forklift,push/pull, clamp truck, crane, and spade lift-type handlingsystems.1.3 The test levels may be varied to reflect known levels ofintensity accurately for
4、the specific unit load under testing.1.4 The methodology of performing the mechanical han-dling tests is described in detail in Test Methods D 6055 andTest Methods D 6179. This test method will describe onlysample preparation and evaluation in the special case ofevaluating the performance of stretch
5、 film for load unitizing.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user
6、of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping C
7、on-tainers and SystemsD 6055 Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of UnitizedLoads and Large Shipping Cases and CratesD 6179 Test Methods for Rough Handling of UnitizedLoads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral definitions for packaging and dis-tribution environmen
8、ts are found in Terminology D 996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 large shipping case or cratefor the purposes of thistest method, a shipping container constructed of any material,and of such size and weight, to require mechanical handling. Acase or crate of this type may we
9、igh from 100 lb (45 kg) tomany tons and measure proportionally. The case or crate maybe secured to or carried by a base or pallet. Frame membersmay be provided for rigidity throughout the container.3.2.2 spade life attachmenta lift truck attachment used fortop handling products packaged in interlock
10、ing flange cartons(IFC) or folded cap or folded flap style cartons.3.2.3 unitized loadfor the purposes of this test method,consisting of a number of packages (two or more) wrapped orbanded together as a shipping unit. When unitized, thesepackages typically weigh more than 100 lb (45 kg). Theunitized
11、 method may be shrink wrapping, banding, strapping,taping, or gluing. A base consisting of a pallet or slip sheet mayor may not be used.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended for use primarily as ameans of comparing the performance of unitizing films. It canalso be used to compare t
12、he effectiveness of different wrapcycles with the same wrapping materials. No direct correlationbetween these test results and actual field performance hasbeen established.4.2 This test method simulates mechanical handling antici-pated during all distribution phases.4.3 This test method leaves open
13、to the discretion of the userthe establishment of test levels and numbers of cycles consti-tuting the test, so that the user might tailor the test to simulatea particular distribution environment. The section on mechani-cal handling over 100 pounds (45 kg) in Practice D 4169 mayprovide some guidance
14、 in this regard.5. Apparatus5.1 Load Wrapping ApparatusA machine or apparatus towrap the test load. The wrap application method is preferablyas near as possible to that used in an actual production situation(stretch wrapper or manual wrapping unit).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM
15、 Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizingand Unitizing of Loads.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 5331 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visi
16、t the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29
17、59, United States.5.2 Mechanical Handling ApparatusRefer to Section 5 ofTest Methods D 6055 and Test Methods D 6179 for a completedescription.6. Procedure6.1 Prepare the test loads. Arrange the units comprising thetest load in layers and stack them on the pallet or slip sheet inthe normal manner.6.2
18、 Wrap the test load with the unitizing film at a predeter-mined percent stretch and wrap cycle.6.3 Allow the wrapped load to stand undisturbed for aminimum of 16 h before testing. This provides the stressretention forces in the stretched wrapping material with time toequilibrate.7. Procedure7.1 Pall
19、etized Load Test ProcedureFollow the proceduresdetailed in Method A of Test Methods D 6055 and Method Cof Test Methods D 6179.7.2 Spade Life Test ProcedureFollow the procedures de-tailed in Method B of Test Methods D 6055.7.3 Clamp Handling Test ProceduresFollow the proce-dures detailed in Method C
20、of Test Methods D 6055.7.4 Push/Pull Handling Test ProcedureFollow the proce-dures detailed in Method D of Test Methods D 6055.8. Report8.1 Include the following information in the test report:8.2 Test UnitComplete description of the test load evalu-ated:8.2.1 Dimensions of each unit (outside diamet
21、er),8.2.2 Dimensions of unitized test load (circumference andheight),8.2.3 Number of individual units per test load, and8.2.4 Weight of each unit and total test load.8.3 Wrap Materials:8.3.1 Supplier,8.3.2 Film thickness, and8.3.3 Roll width.8.4 Wrap CycleComplete description of the wrap cycleused i
22、n the wrapping test load. Examples of wrap cycledescriptions in stretch film, spiral wrap are as follows:8.4.1 Set dial for gear ratio for desired percent strength;8.4.2 Actual measured percent stretch;8.4.3 Overlap up;8.4.4 Top dwell, revolutions;8.4.5 Overlap down;8.4.6 Bottom dwell, revolutions;8
23、.4.7 Total table rotation;8.4.8 Film used (weight or unstretched footage, or both);and8.4.9 Date and time wrapped and date and time testingbegan.8.5 Test Parameters:8.5.1 Complete description of the equipment used, includ-ing load handling attachment, any forces measured, andoperator of the equipmen
24、t;8.5.2 Detailed record of the tests, including proceduresused, height of rotational drop test, if used, covering bothcontainer and contents, together with any observation that mayassist in interpreting the results correctly or aid in improvingthe design of the container or the method of packing and
25、unitizing; also a record of the orientation of clamps or spade, ifused, and the number of handlings for spade, clamp, orpush-pull tests, if used.8.6 Unitizing Material EvaluationDescription of the testspecimen(s) after the test, a detailed description of any damage,and a summary of the criteria used
26、 to define damage. Someexamples of damage modes are as follows:8.6.1 Loss of adequate cling;8.6.2 Tearing of material on corners;8.6.3 Splitting of film on the sides of the test load, eitherhorizontally or vertically;8.6.4 Permanent load shifting, that is, a permanent shift ofthe layers of the unit
27、load with respect to one another, resultingin a leaning or skewed load; and8.6.5 Loss of test load integrity, that is, a shifting of layersto the point of toppling over or losing individual units out ofthe test load.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Attribute TestsNo statement is made about either theprecisi
28、on or bias of this test method since the results statemerely whether this is in conformance with the criteria forsuccess specified by the user of the test method.10. Keywords10.1 mechanical handling; stretch wrap materials; thinfilms; unitized loadsASTM International takes no position respecting the
29、 validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is
30、 subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Hea
31、dquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This st
32、andard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D5331032
