1、Designation: D5092 04 (Reapproved 2010)1D5092/D5092M 16Standard Practice forDesign and Installation of Groundwater Monitoring Wells1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5092;D5092/D5092M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEThe units statement in 1.5 was revised editorially in August 2010.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This p
3、ractice describes a methodology for designing and installing conventional (screened and filter-packed) groundwatermonitoring wells suitable for formations ranging from unconsolidated aquifers (i.e., (that is, sands and gravels) to granularmaterials having grain-size distributions with up to 50 % pas
4、sing a #200 sieve and as much as 20 % clay-sized material (i.e., (thatis, silty fine sands with some clay). Formations finer than this (i.e., (that is, silts, clays, silty clays, clayey silts) should not bemonitored using conventional monitoring wells, as representative groundwater samples, free of
5、artifactual turbidity, cannot beassured using currently available technology. Alternative monitoring technologies (not described in this practice) should be usedin these formationscan be monitored but the well may not yield sufficient water required for sampling, and fine filter pack andscreen requi
6、rements are difficult and costly to install. Use of coarser filter/screens in fine formations will result in wells withunstable filter packs and associated elevated sample turbidity that may adversely affect sample accuracy and data qualityobjectives. This practice is not applicable in fractured or
7、karst rock conditions, but may be applicable for other porous rockformations.1.2 The recommended monitoring well design and installation procedures presented in this practice are based on the assumptionthat the objectives of the program are to obtain representative groundwater samples and other repr
8、esentative groundwater data froma targeted zone of interest in the subsurface defined by site characterization.1.3 This practice, practice when used on coarse grained sand and gravel aquifers, in combination with proper well development(D5521), proper groundwater sampling procedures (D4448), and pro
9、per well maintenance and rehabilitation (D5978), will permitacquisition of groundwater samples free of artifactual turbidity, eliminate siltation of wells between sampling events, and permitacquisition of accurate groundwater levels and hydraulic conductivity test data from the zone screened by the
10、well. For wellsinstalled in fine-grained formation materials (up to 50 % passing a #200 sieve), it is generally necessarymaterials, it is generallynecessary to use much finer pre-packed well screens (6.3.3.2 to use ) and/or employ sampling methods that minimize screen intakeflow velocity, and distur
11、bance of the well column including suspension of settled solids in the well. Using low-flow purging andsampling techniques (D6771) in combination with proper wellor passive sampling devices (D7929 design to collect turbidity-freesamples. ) are two means to minimize the potential sample bias associat
12、ed with turbidity.1.4 This practice applies primarily to well design and installation methods used in drilled boreholes. Other Standards,standards,including Guide D6724 and Practice D6725, cover installation of monitoring wells using direct-push methods.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in either inch-poun
13、d units or SI units presented in brackets are to be regarded as standard, exceptas noted below. The values separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
14、result in non-conformance with thestandard. Equivalent values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.shown for mix designs and sieves sizes.1.5.1 Sieve Designations (Specification E11) are identified using
15、 the “alternate” system, for example, #40, #200 sieve etc. withnominal opening size in inches and particle sizes in mm. See Specification E11 for standard metric sieve sizes.1.5.2 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf)
16、represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit forWell screen slots are expressed in inches and the metric equivalent is givenin the terminology section and when necessary in the standard (see 3.3.6mass is slugs.).1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
17、and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and VadoseZone Investigations.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010Nov. 15, 2016. Published September 2010December 2016. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20042010as D5092D509204(2010)04 11. DOI: 10.1
18、520/D5092-04R10E01.10.1520/D5092_D5092M-16.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, A
19、STM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
20、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety conc
21、erns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.8 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific op
22、erations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Nat all aspects of this practice may beapplicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which theadequacy of
23、a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a projectsmany unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved throughthe ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
24、Standards:2C150 Specification for Portland CementC294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete AggregatesD421 Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Constants (Withdrawn2016)3D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
25、(Withdrawn 2016)3D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger BoringsD1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of SoilsD1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Samplin
26、g of Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical PurposesD2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for Site ExplorationD2217 Practice for Wet Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil ConstantsD2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
27、Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)D3282 Practice for Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction PurposesD3441 Test Method for Mechanical Cone Penetration Testing of SoilsD
28、3550 Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils (Withdrawn 2016)3D4220D3740 Practices for Preserving andTransporting Soil SamplesPractice for Minimum Requirements forAgencies Engagedin Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Constr
29、uctionD4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose ZoneD4750D4448 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (ObservationWell)Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells (Withdrawn 2010)D5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock Core Samples
30、D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste SitesD5254 Practice for Minimum Set of Data Elements to Identify a Ground-Water SiteD5299 Guide for Decommissioning of Groundwater Wells, Vadose Zone Monitoring Devices, Boreholes, and Other Devices forEnvironmental ActivitiesD5434
31、Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and RockD5518 Guide forAcquisition of FileAerial Photography and Imagery for Establishing Historic Site-Use and Surficial ConditionsD5521 Guide for Development of Groundwater Monitoring Wells in Granular AquifersD5608 Practices for Decontami
32、nation of Sampling and Non Sample Contacting Equipment Used at Low Level RadioactiveWaste SitesD5730 Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone andGroundwater (Withdrawn 2013)3D5753 Guide for Planning and Conducting Borehole Geophysical Lo
33、ggingD5777 Guide for Using the Seismic Refraction Method for Subsurface InvestigationD5778 Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of SoilsD5781 Guide for Use of Dual-Wall Reverse-Circulation Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation ofSubsurfa
34、ce Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5782 Guide for Use of Direct Air-Rotary Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of SubsurfaceWater-Quality Monitoring Devices2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.
35、org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D5092/D5092M 162D5783 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Drilling with Water-Based Drilling Flu
36、id for Geoenvironmental Exploration and theInstallation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5784 Guide for Use of Hollow-Stem Augers for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of SubsurfaceWater-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5787 Practice for Monitoring Well ProtectionD5872 Guide
37、for Use of Casing Advancement Drilling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation ofSubsurface Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5875 Guide for Use of Cable-Tool Drilling and Sampling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation ofSubsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Device
38、sD5876 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Wireline Casing Advancement Drilling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration andInstallation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5978 Guide for Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Groundwater Monitoring WellsD5979 Guide for Conceptualization and Charac
39、terization of Groundwater SystemsD6001 Guide for Direct-Push Groundwater Sampling for Environmental Site CharacterizationD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical DataD6067 Practice for Using the Electronic Piezocone Penetrometer Tests for Environmental Site CharacterizationD6167 G
40、uide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging: Mechanical CaliperD6169 Guide for Selection of Soil and Rock Sampling Devices Used With Drill Rigs for Environmental InvestigationsD6235 Practice for Expedited Site Characterization of Vadose Zone and Groundwater Contamination at Hazardous WasteConta
41、minated SitesD6274 Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging - GammaD6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environmental Site CharacterizationsD6285 Guide for Locating Abandoned WellsD6286 Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environmental Site CharacterizationD6429 Guide for S
42、electing Surface Geophysical MethodsD6430 Guide for Using the Gravity Method for Subsurface InvestigationD6431 Guide for Using the Direct Current Resistivity Method for Subsurface InvestigationD6432 Guide for Using the Surface Ground Penetrating Radar Method for Subsurface InvestigationD6519 Practic
43、e for Sampling of Soil Using the Hydraulically Operated Stationary Piston SamplerD6639 Guide for Using the Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Method for Subsurface InvestigationsD6640 Practice for Collection and Handling of Soils Obtained in Core Barrel Samplers for Environmental InvestigationsD6724 G
44、uide for Installation of Direct Push Groundwater Monitoring WellsD6725 Practice for Direct Push Installation of Prepacked Screen Monitoring Wells in Unconsolidated AquifersD6771 Practice for Low-Flow Purging and Sampling for Wells and Devices Used for Ground-Water Quality Investigations(Withdrawn 20
45、11)3D6914 Practice for Sonic Drilling for Site Characterization and the Installation of Subsurface Monitoring DevicesD7242 Practice for Field Pneumatic Slug (Instantaneous Change in Head) Tests to Determine Hydraulic Properties of Aquiferswith Direct Push Groundwater SamplersD7929 Guide for Selectio
46、n of Passive Techniques for Sampling Groundwater Monitoring WellsD8037 Practice for Direct Push Hydraulic Logging Profiling Variations of Permeability SoilsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test SievesF480 Specification for Thermoplastic Well Casing Pipe and Couplings Made in Sta
47、ndard Dimension Ratios (SDR), SCH 40 andSCH 803. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 annular space; annulusthe space between two concentric strings of casing, or between the casing and the borehole wall.This includes the space(s) between multiple strings of casing in a borehole installed either concent
48、rically or adjacent to one another.3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in this standard, refer Terminology D653.3.1.2 artifactual turbidityturbidity, nin wells, filters, particulate matter that is not naturally mobile in the groundwatersystem and that is produced in some way by the groun
49、dwater sampling process. May consist of particles introduced to thesubsurface during drilling or well construction, sheared from the target monitoring zone during pumping or bailing the well, orproduced by exposure of groundwater to atmospheric conditions.3.1.2.1 DiscussionMay consist of particles introduced to the subsurface during drilling or well construction, sheared from the target monitoring zoneduring pumping or bailing the well, or produced by exposure of groundwater to atmospheric conditions.D5092/D5092M 1633.1.3 assessment monitoringan investigative monit
