1、Designation: D5031/D5031M 13 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Practice forEnclosed Carbon-Arc Exposure Tests of Paint and RelatedCoatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5031/D5031M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions foraccelerated exposure testing of coa
3、tings and related products inenclosed carbon arc devices operated according to PracticesG151 and G153. This practice also covers the preparation oftest specimens, the test conditions suited for coatings, and theevaluation of test results. Table 1 describes commonly used testconditions.1.2 This pract
4、ice does not cover filtered open-flame carbon-arc exposures of paints and related coatings, which is describedin Practice D822/D822M. Another procedure for exposingthese products is covered by Practice D3361/D3361M,inwhich the specimens are subjected to radiation from anunfiltered open-flame carbon
5、arc that produces shorter wave-lengths and higher levels of short wavelength radiation thanfiltered open flame or enclosed carbon arcs.NOTE 1Practice D3361/D3361M requires use of open-flame carbon-arc apparatus with automatic humidity control.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound un
6、itsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to addres
7、s all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was develop
8、ed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Docume
9、nts2.1 ASTM Standards:2D358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels inWeathering Tests of Coatings (Withdrawn 2014)3D523 Test Method for Specular GlossD609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating ProductsD610 Practic
10、e for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on PaintedSteel SurfacesD659 Method for Evaluating Degree of Chalking of ExteriorPaints (Withdrawn 1990)3D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior PaintsD714 Test Method for Eval
11、uating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior PaintsD822/D822M Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-ArcExposures of Paint and Related CoatingsD823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Coatings and Related Produc
12、ts on Test PanelsD1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)3D1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of
13、DryFilm Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to aNonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)3D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting1This practice
14、 is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition
15、 approved in 2013 as D5031/D5031M 13.DOI: 10.1520/D5031_D5031M-13R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM
16、website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized princip
17、les on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from
18、Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-ence With a Gray ScaleD3361/D3361M Practice for Unfiltered Open-FlameCarbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related CoatingsD4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalkingof Exterior Paint FilmsD5870
19、Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index ofPlasticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus ColorimetryG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weat
20、h-ering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testingof Nonmetallic MaterialsG147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering TestsG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accel-erated Tes
21、t Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG152 Practice for Operating Open Flame Carbon Arc LightApparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG153 Practice for Operating Enclosed Carbon Arc LightApparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods
22、 toWeathering Tests3. Terminology3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113 are appli-cable to this practice.4. Significance and Use4.1 The ability of a paint or coating to resist deterioration ofits physical and optical properties caused by exposure to light,heat, and water can be very significa
23、nt for many applications.This practice is intended to induce property changes associatedwith end-use conditions, including the effects of sunlight,moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is notintended to simulate the deterioration caused by localizedweather phenomena such as atmosphe
24、ric pollution, biologicalattack, and saltwater exposure.4.2 CautionsVariation in results may be expected whendifferent operating conditions are used. Therefore, no referenceto the use of this practice shall be made unless accompanied bya report prepared according to Section 10 that describes thespec
25、ific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 forTABLE 1 Test Cycles Commonly Used for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposure Testing of Paints and Related CoatingsAUninsulated BlackPanel TemperatureB,C,DCycle Number Cycle DescriptionB,CC F Typical UsesE1 Continuous light102 min light only at 50 10 %
26、 RH18 min light and water sprayGRepeated continuously63 2.5 145 5 General coatings and historical conventionF2 18 h continuous light using:102 min light only at 50 10 % RH18 min light and water sprayG6 h dark using:95 % relative humidity (no water spray)Repeated continuously632.5241.51455753General
27、coatings3 48 min light at 50 10 % RH12 min light and water sprayRepeated continuously63 2.5 145 5 Coatings used in original equipment manufacturing4 4 h light at 50 10 % RH4 h dark with water sprayRepeated continuously63 2.5 145 5 Exterior pigmented stains5 12 h light at 50 10 % RH12 h dark water sp
28、rayRepeated continuously63 2.5 145 5 Exterior wood stains and clears6 8 h light at 50 10 % RH10 h light and water spray6 h dark with water sprayRepeated continuously63 2.5 145 5 Marine enamelsAThe cycles described are not listed in any order indicating importance, and are not necessarily recommended
29、 for the applications listed.BUnless otherwise specified, operate the device so that the allowable deviations about the set points given in Table 1 are within the specified limits specified in thecorresponding entry. If the actual operating conditions do not agree with the machine settings after the
30、 equipment has stabilized, discontinue the test and correct the causeof the disagreement before continuing.CSet points and operational fluctuations are listed as set point operational fluctuation in Table 1. They are sometimes listed in separate columns. The set point is thetarget condition for the
31、sensor used at the operational control point as programmed by the user. Operational fluctuations are deviations from the indicated set point at thecontrol point indicated by the readout of the calibrated control sensor during equilibrium operation and do not include measurement uncertainty. At the o
32、perational controlpoint, the operational fluctuation can exceed no more than the listed value at equilibrium. Therefore, when a standard calls for a particular set point, the user programsthat exact number. The operational fluctuations specified with the set point do not imply that the user is allow
33、ed to program a set point higher or lower than the exact setpoint specified.DUnless otherwise indicated, black panel temperatures apply during the light-only portion of the cycle. The equilibrium black panel temperature is obtained without a sprayperiod. For light intervals less than 30 min, the bla
34、ck panel temperature might not reach equilibrium.ETypical uses do not imply that results from exposures of these materials according to the cycle described will correlate to those from actual use conditions.FHistorical convention has established this as a very commonly used test cycle. This cycle ma
35、y not adequately simulate the effects of outdoor exposure.GUnless otherwise specified, water spray refers to water sprayed on the exposed surfaces of the test specimens.D5031/D5031M 13 (2018)2detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of resultsobtained according to this practice.NOTE 2Ad
36、ditional information on sources of variability and onstrategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and dataanalysis of laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.4.2.1 The spectral power distribution of light from anenclosed carbon arc is significantly different f
37、rom that pro-duced in light and water exposure devices using other carbon-arc configurations or other light sources. The type and rate ofdegradation and the performance rankings produced by expo-sures to enclosed carbon arcs can be much different from thoseproduced by exposures to other types of lab
38、oratory lightsources.4.2.2 Interlaboratory comparisons are valid only when alllaboratories use the same type of carbon arc, filters, andexposure conditions.4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories hasbeen shown to be good when the stability of materials isevaluated in terms of perfor
39、mance ranking compared to othermaterials or to a control.4,5Therefore, exposure of a similarmaterial of known performance (a control) at the same time asthe test materials is strongly recommended. It is recommendedthat at least three replicates of each material be exposed toallow for statistical eva
40、luation of results.4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken tooperate the equipment according to Practice G153. Significantfactors include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salt orother deposits from water, temperature and humidity control,and conditions of the electrodes.4.5
41、All references to exposures in accordance with thispractice must include a complete description of the test cycleused.5. Apparatus5.1 Use enclosed carbon-arc apparatus that conforms to therequirements defined in Practices G151 and G153.5.2 Unless otherwise specified, the spectral power distribu-tion
42、 of the enclosed carbon arc shall conform to the require-ments in Practice G153 for the enclosed carbon arc.6. Hazards6.1 WarningIn addition to other precautions, never lookdirectly at the carbon arc because UV radiation can damage theeye. Most carbon-arc machines are equipped with door safetyswitch
43、es, but users of old equipment must be certain to turn offthe power to the carbon arc before opening the test-chamberdoor.6.2 The burning carbon rods used in these devices becomevery hot during use. Make sure to allow at least 15 min for thearcs to cool after the device is turned off before attempti
44、ng tochange the carbon rods.6.3 Carbon residue and ash are known respiratory irritants.Wear an appropriate high-efficiency dust respirator, gloves, andsafety glasses when handling or changing carbon rods. Makesure to wash any carbon residue from hands or arms prior toeating or drinking.7. Test Speci
45、mens7.1 Apply the coating to flat (plane) panels with thesubstrate, method of preparation, method of application, coat-ing system, film thickness, and method of drying consistentwith the anticipated end use, or as mutually agreed uponbetween the producer and user.7.2 Panel specifications and methods
46、 of preparation includebut are not limited to Practices D609 or D1730, or Specifica-tion D358. Select panel sizes suitable for use with the exposureapparatus.7.3 Coat test panels in accordance with Practices D823, thenmeasure the film thickness in accordance with an appropriateprocedure selected fro
47、m Test Methods D1005, D1186,orD1400. Nondestructive methods are preferred because panelsso measured need not be repaired.7.4 Prior to exposing coated panels in the apparatus, condi-tion them at 23 6 2C 73 6 3F and 50 6 10 % relativehumidity for one of the following periods in accordance withthe type
48、 of coating:Baked coatings 24 hRadiation-cured coatings 24 hAll other coatings 7 days7.4.1 Other procedures for preparation of test specimensmay be used if agreed upon by all interested parties.7.5 Mount specimens in holders so that only the minimumspecimen area required for support by the holder is
49、 covered.Do not use this covered area of the specimen as part of the testarea.7.6 Unless otherwise specified, expose at least three repli-cate specimens of each test and control material.7.7 Follow the procedures described in Practice G147 foridentification and conditioning and handling of specimens oftest, control, and reference materials prior to, during, and afterexposure.7.8 Do not mask the face of a specimen for the purpose ofshowing on one panel the effects of various exposure times.Misleading results may be obtained by this meth
