1、Designation: D 4932 89 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forFastener Rupture and Tear Resistance of Roofing andWaterproofing Sheets, Roll Roofing, and Shingles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4932; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the forceneeded to
3、pull a fastener through any type of roofing orwaterproofing ply sheet, roll roofing, or shingle, or to causefastener failure under specified laboratory conditions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard
4、 does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
5、Standards:2D 226 Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic FeltUsed in Roofing and Waterproofing3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The force perpendicular to the fastener shank to tear thesheet or to cause fastener failure is measured with the fastenerhead seated and not seated (tear).3.2 The force para
6、llel to the fastener shank to rupture thesheet or to cause fastener failure is measured with the headseated (rupture, head pull-through).4. Significance and Use4.1 Test values for the resistance of specific ply sheets, rollroofing, or shingles to selected fastener pull-through may assistin the deter
7、mination of appropriate fastener spacing. Therelative behavior of different fasteners and fasteners with andwithout caps may be evaluated.4.2 Laboratory data will not permit prediction of fieldperformance, particularly long-term performance, and if all testconditions are not the same, data may not b
8、e comparable.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing Machine Universal or tensile testing machinewith automatic load recording equipment, capable of cross-head movement at a constant rate of 25.4 mm/min (1.00in./min).5.2 GripsSelf-aligning grips or clamps for holding thefree end of the test specimen and the nailer
9、holding jig withoutslippage during the test.5.3 Nailer Holding Jig100-mm (4-in.) length of cold-formed carbon steel, rectangular structural tubing with outsidenominal dimensions of 102 by 51 mm (4 by 2 in.) and 4.8-mm(316-in.) wall thickness, fabricated as shown in Fig. 1.5.4 Wood Nailers, 33 by 89
10、13, + 1 by 102 mm (1.5 by3.5 0.5, + 0.05 by 4 in.) (nominal 2 by 4 in. lumber cut to 4in. length is appropriate). Thirty nailers are required persample.NOTE 1The wood nailers must hold the fastener securely and remainsecure in the nailer holding jig during the test. The 89-mm (3.5-in.)dimension is c
11、ritical for the nailer to be secure in the jig; the otherdimensions are not critical and may be varied so long as the nailer works.If preferred, the operator may use continuous lengths of nailer stock up to1 m (40 in.) long for multiple specimens as opposed to cutting separatenailers for each specim
12、en.6. Sampling and Test Specimens6.1 Cut 15 MD specimens, 175 by 100 mm (7 by 4 in.), inthe machine direction (MD) and another 15 XMD specimens inthe cross-machine direction (XMD) from a representativeportion of the sheet to be tested. If no particular sheet isspecified, use Type 1 asphalt-saturated
13、 organic felt conformingto the requirements prescribed in Specification D 226.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 onRoofing Membrane Systems.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Publish
14、ed December 2006. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 4932 89 (2000)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stand
15、ards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2 Thirty fasteners of the type to be tested are required. Ifno particular fastener is specified, use galvanized roofing nailswith a 38-mm
16、 (112 in.) long 3.6-mm (0.1205-in.) diameterstraight shank and a 9.5-mm (38-in.) diameter head.7. Conditioning7.1 Condition all specimens and nailers at 20 to 25C (68 to77F) and at 50 6 5 % relative humidity for a minimum of 16h prior to testing.8. Procedure8.1 Position each sheet specimen on a broa
17、d side of a nailerso that a 100-mm (4-in.) side of the sheet specimen is parallelto and 20 6 2 mm (0.75 6 0.125 in.) from a 100-mm (4-in.)side of the nailer as shown in Fig. 2. Fasten each specimen toits nailer with a fastener centered in the nailer and centeredwith respect to the sheet width.NOTE 2
18、If continuous lengths of nailers up to 1 m (40 in.) long areused, the specimens should be positioned side by side on a broad side ofa nailer with a 100-mm (4-in.) side 20 6 2 mm (0.75 6 0.125 in.) froma long side of the nailer. For each specimen the fastener should be centeredwith respect to the nai
19、ler width and sample width. See Fig. 3.8.1.1 In ten of the MD specimens and ten of the XMDspecimens, seat the heads of the nails firmly, but withoutcrushing the sheet.8.1.2 In the remaining five MD and five XMD specimens,set the heads of the fasteners with a 1-mm (0.04-in.) gapbetween the top of the
20、 sheet and the underside of the fastenerhead or cap.NOTE 3A 1-mm (0.04-in.) thick feeler gage aids in establishing thegap.8.2 Measure the shank tear resistance on five of the ten MDspecimens with seated fasteners and all five with unseatedfasteners; similarly measure the shank tear resistance on fiv
21、e ofthe ten XMD specimens with seated fasteners and all five withunseated fasteners, as follows:8.2.1 Clamp the tongue on the narrow side of the nailerholding jig in the lower grip of the testing machine, and slidethe nailer into the jig so that the sheet specimens are on thesame side of the jig as
22、the slot, and the long end of thespecimen is on top.8.2.2 Set the grips of the testing machine 152 6 5mm(6614 in.) apart.8.2.3 Position the nailer in the jig so that the long end of thespecimen can be centered with respect to the upper grip andclamp it into the upper grip. See Fig. 4a.8.2.4 Start th
23、e testing machine and move the grips apart atthe rate of 25.4 mm/min (1.0 in./min).8.2.5 Record the maximum force and the type of failureobserved (shank tear or fastener failure). Reject results if thefastener pulls out of the nailer.8.2.6 Repeat the steps described in 8.2.2 through 8.2.5 untilall 2
24、0 specimens have been tested for shank tear resistance.8.3 Measure the nail head rupture resistance on the remain-ing five MD and five XMD specimens with seated nails asfollows (see Fig. 3):8.3.1 Clamp the tongue on the wide side of the nailerholding jig in the lower grip of the testing machine, and
25、 slidethe nailer into the jig so that the sheet specimen is on the sameside of the jig as the slot.8.3.2 Set the grips of the testing machine 152 + 5 mm (6 614 in.) apart.NOTE 1Stock wall thickness is 5 mm (316 in.).FIG. 1 Nailer Holding Jig, 100 mm (4 in.) Long, Cold-FormedCarbon SteelFIG. 2 Specim
26、ens Fastened to Nailer FIG. 3 Multiple Specimens Fastened to Long NailerD 4932 89 (2006)28.3.3 Position the nailer in the jig so that the long end of thespecimen is centered with respect to the upper grip and clampit into the upper grip. See Fig. 4b.8.3.4 Start the testing machine and move the grips
27、 apart atthe rate of 25.4 mm/min (1.0 in./min).8.3.5 Record the maximum force and the type of failureobserved (nail head rupture of the sheet or fastener failure).Reject results if the fastener pulls out of the nailer.8.3.6 Repeat the steps described in 8.3.2 through 8.3.5 untilall ten specimens hav
28、e been tested for nail head pull-throughresistance.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the mean value and an estimate of the standarddeviation for each condition as follows:X 5(x5and S 5(x242(x!220(1)where:X = mean tear or rupture resistance,x = individual test value, andS = unbiased estimate of the standar
29、d deviation.10. Report10.1 Report the following:10.1.1 The source and complete description of the sheetsand fasteners tested.10.2 Prepare the following table:Condition N (lbf), Mean Standard DeviationTear MDseated fastenerTear MDunseated fastenerTear XMDseated fastenerTear XMDunseated fastenerRuptur
30、e MDseated fastenerRupture XMDseated fasteners11. Precision and Bias11.1 The following criteria shall be used for the acceptabil-ity of the test results (95 % probability). The value X equals theaverage of two duplicate values required for tear or rupture ofmaterial in the repeatability and reproduc
31、ibility intervals statedbelow.11.2 RepeatabilityDuplicate values by the same operatorshall not be considered suspect unless they differ by more thanthe following limits for the stated conditions:Test Condition Repeatability LimitTear MDseated fastener 0.507XTear MDunseated fastener 0.314XTear XMDsea
32、ted fastener 0.481XTear XMDunseated fastener 0.314XRupture MDseated fastener 0.413XRupture XMDseated fastener 0.368X11.3 Reproducibility Values reported by each of twolaboratories, representing the arithmetic average of five deter-minations per test condition, shall not be considered suspectunless t
33、hey differ by more than the following limits for thestated conditions:Test Condition Reproducibility LimitTear MDseated fastener 0.634XTear MDunseated fastener 0.529XTear XMDseated fastener 0.560XTear XMDunseated fastener 0.458XRupture MDseated fastener 0.750XRupture XMDseated fastener 0.555X12. Key
34、words12.1 fastener rupture; roll roofing; roofing membranes;shingles; tear resistanceASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of th
35、e validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. You
36、r comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments
37、 have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 4 Tear and Rupture Configurations at the Start of TestingD 4932 89 (2006)3
