1、Designation: D4873/D4873M 16D4873/D4873M 17Standard Guide forIdentification, Storage, and Handling of Geosynthetic Rollsand Samples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4873/D4873M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides guidelines for the identification and packaging of rolled geosynthetics
3、 by the manufacturer and for thehandling and storage of geosynthetics by the end user. This guide is not to be considered as all encompassing since each projectinvolving geosynthetics presents its own challenges and special conditions. Geosynthetic samples are often taken at manufacturer,supplier, o
4、r at the job site primarily for the purpose of conformance testing and verification. These samples should be properlylabeled for identification purposes.1.2 This guide is intended to aid manufacturers, suppliers, purchasers, and users of geosynthetics for identification, handling,and storage.1.3 Thi
5、s guide is not applicable for factory fabricated factory-fabricated panels due to a different set of identifications for thepanel by the fabricator. For Fabricated Geomembrane Panels,fabricated geomembrane panels, refer to Guide D7865.1.4 This guide is not intended for Geosynthetic Clay Liners. For
6、GCLs,geosynthetic clay liners. For GCLs, refer to GuideD5888.1.5 This guide is also applicable to geosynthetic samples.1.6 Each type of Geosyntheticgeosynthetic is listed by section to address specific requirements.Geotextiles Section 5Geogrids Section 6Geomembrane Rolls Section 7Geonets Section 8Ge
7、ocomposites Section 9Rolled Erosion Control Products Section 10Sediment Retention Devices Section 111.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be us
8、ed independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate
9、 safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International S
10、tandards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for TestingD
11、4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD5888 Guide for Storage and Handling of Geosynthetic Clay Liners1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance Properties.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016July 1,
12、 2017. Published January 2016July 2017. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 asD4873 - 15.D4873/D4873M 16. DOI: 10.1520/D4873_D4873M-16.10.1520/D4873_D4873M-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at s
13、erviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous versio
14、n. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International
15、, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D7865 Guide for Identification, Packaging, Handling, Storage and Deployment of Fabricated Geomembrane Panels3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of geosynthetic terms, refer to Terminology D4439.3.1.
16、2 For definitions of textile terms, refer to Terminology D123.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 core, na mandrel of cardboard, foam, or other material on which geosynthetics are rolled during manufacturing tofacilitate handling.3.2.2 sample, n(1) a portion of material which is
17、 taken for testing or for record purposes. (See also sample, lot; sample,laboratory; and specimen.) (2) a group of specimens used, or of observations made, which provide information that can be usedfor making statistical inferences about the population(s) from which the specimens are drawn.3.2.3 sup
18、plier, nthe person or organization from whom a geosynthetic is purchased or otherwise obtained.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe supplier is frequently the manufacturer of the geosynthetic, but need not be.Asupplier who is not the manufacturer is expectedto ensure that the responsibilities of the manufacturer a
19、re fully met.4. Significance and Use4.1 For a geosynthetic to be properly used it must be adequately identified and packaged. It must be handled and stored in sucha way that its physical property values are not degraded. Failure to follow good practice may result in the unnecessary failure ofthe geo
20、synthetic in a properly designed application.4.2 This guide is not intended to replace project-specific storage, handling, identification, packaging, or installationrequirements or quality assurance programs.5. Procedure Geotextiles5.1 Packaging and Identification:5.1.1 When cores are required, use
21、those that have a crushing strength sufficient to avoid collapse or other damage in normaluse.5.1.2 Cover each roll with an opaque wrapping material for protection from damage due to shipment, water, sunlight, orcontaminants while being stored or handled in accordance with this guide.5.1.3 Identify
22、each roll with a durable, gummed label, or equivalent, clearly readable on the roll packaging or on the inside ofthe core. Roll identification should include, at minimum, the name of the manufacturer or supplier, product or style number, andthe unique roll number. Identification should also include
23、the width and length of roll. Any other unique characteristics should beclearly identified. For rolls with no identification on the inside of the core, once the roll is unwrapped or samples taken, labels onthe outer wrap of the roll packaging should be removed and placed inside the roll for traceabi
24、lity. All designations should bereadable for clear identification.NOTE 1Rolls bundled or strapped as a single unit could be regarded as a single roll for identification purposes provided all the rolls remain as a singleunit received by the end user.5.2 Receiving and Storing at the Job Site:5.2.1 Whi
25、le unloading or transferring the geotextile from one location to another, prevent damage to the wrapping and to thegeotextile itself. If practicable, use fork lift trucks fitted with poles that can be inserted into the cores of rolls. Be sure that the polesare at least two thirds two-thirds the leng
26、th of the rolls to avoid breaking the cores and possibly damaging the geotextile. Slingsmay be used to carry relatively rigid rolls provided that the slings do not cause damage to the rolls. Do not drag the rolls as damagemay result.5.2.2 Geotextiles, when possible, should be stored elevated off of
27、the ground and covered to ensure adequate protection fromthe following:5.2.2.1 Precipitation (because geotextile roll goods saturation leads to handling difficulties),5.2.2.2 Ultraviolet radiation,5.2.2.3 Undesirable chemicals for any extended period of time,5.2.2.4 Flames, including welding sparks,
28、5.2.2.5 Temperatures in excess of 160F 71C160 F 71 C and below 32F 0C32 F 0 C (see Note 2), and5.2.2.6 Any other environmental condition that may damage the physical property values of the geotextile.NOTE 2Geotextiles may contain enough moisture to cause them to stiffen when frozen, which interferes
29、 with placement.5.3 On-Site Handling:D4873/D4873M 1725.3.1 While transferring geotextiles from one location to another, prevent damage to the wrapping and to the geotextile itself.Follow the cautions specified in 5.2.1.5.3.2 Before unrolling a roll at the job site, verify its identification. While u
30、nrolling the geotextile, inspect it for damage ordefects.5.3.3 Follow all applicable site or project specifications and manufacturers recommendations for handling and installation.5.3.4 Correct any damage that occurs during storage or installation as directed by the project specifications and the en
31、gineer incharge of installation.5.4 Sample Identification:5.4.1 If samples are to be taken at the job site, follow removal of wrap and identification of roll according to 5.1.3. Outer layerof geotextile should be removed before sample is taken following sampling procedures as prescribed in Practice
32、D4354. Cutsample according to specified test method(s).5.4.2 Identify each sample with a durable, gummed label, or equivalent including, at a minimum, the sample designation, thename of the manufacturer or supplier, product or style number, the lot number or roll number, or both, location sampled or
33、 projectname or project identification number, sampled by, and date sampled. If third party is responsible for sampling, include with thename, the address, and telephone number.5.4.3 Sample should be suitably packaged for shipping to prevent distortion. Sample should be packaged in suitable wrapping
34、material for protection from damage due to shipping, water, sunlight, or contaminants.6. Procedure Geogrids6.1 Packaging and Identification:6.1.1 When cores are required, use those that have a crushing strength sufficient to avoid collapse or other damage in normaluse.6.1.2 As required, cover each r
35、oll with a wrapping material for protection from damage due to shipment, water, sunlight, orcontaminants while being stored or handled in accordance with this guide.6.1.3 Identify each roll with a durable, gummed label, tape, or equivalent, either clearly readable on the roll packaging, on theouter
36、wrap when no packaging is required, or on the inside of the core. Roll identification should include, at minimum, the nameof the manufacturer or supplier, product or style number, and the unique roll number. Identification should also include the widthand length of the roll. Any other unique charact
37、eristics should be clearly identified. For rolls with no identification on the insideof the core, once the roll is unwrapped or samples taken, labels on the outer wrap of the roll packaging should be removed andplaced inside the roll for traceability. All designations should be readable for clear id
38、entification.NOTE 3Rolls bundled or strapped as a single unit could be regarded as a single roll for identification purposes, provided all the rolls remain as a singleunit received by the end user.6.2 Receiving and Storing at the Job Site:6.2.1 While unloading or transferring from one location to an
39、other, prevent damage to the wrapping, if required, and to thegeogrid itself. If practicable, use fork lift trucks fitted with poles that can be inserted into the cores of rolls. Be sure that the polesare at least two thirds two-thirds the length of the rolls to avoid breaking the cores and possibly
40、 damaging the geogrid. Slings maybe used to carry relatively rigid rolls provided that the slings do not cause damage to the rolls. Do not drag the rolls as damagemay result.6.2.2 Geogrids, when possible, should be stored elevated off of the ground and covered to ensure adequate protection from thef
41、ollowing:6.2.2.1 Precipitation,6.2.2.2 Ultraviolet radiation,6.2.2.3 Undesirable chemicals for any extended period of time,6.2.2.4 Flames, including welding sparks,6.2.2.5 Temperatures in excess of 160F 71C160 F 71 C and below 32F 0C32 F 0 C (see Note 2), and6.2.2.6 Any other environmental condition
42、 that may damage the physical property values.6.3 On-Site Handlimg:Handling:6.3.1 While transferring geogrids from one location to another, prevent damage to the wrapping (if required) and to the geogriditself. Follow the cautions specified in 6.2.1.6.3.2 Before unrolling a roll at the job site, ver
43、ify its identification. While unrolling the geogrid, inspect it for damage or defects.6.3.3 Follow all applicable site or project specifications and manufacturers recommendations for handling and installation ofgeogrids.6.3.4 Correct any damage that occurs during storage or installation as directed
44、by the project specifications and the engineer incharge of installation.6.4 Sample Identification:D4873/D4873M 1736.4.1 If samples are to be taken at the job site, follow sample identification according to 6.1.3. Outer layer of geogrid shouldbe removed before sample is taken following sampling proce
45、dures as prescribed in Practice D4354. Cut sample according tospecified test method(s).6.4.2 Identify each sample with a durable, gummed label, or equivalent including, at a minimum, the sample designation, thename of the manufacturer or supplier, product or style number, the lot number or roll numb
46、er, or both, location sampled or projectname or project identification number, sampled by, and date sampled. If third party is responsible for sampling, include with thename, the address, and telephone number.6.4.3 Sample should be suitably packaged for shipping to prevent distortion. Sample should
47、be packaged in suitable wrappingmaterial for protection from damage due to shipping, water, sunlight, or contaminants.7. Procedure Geomembrane Rolls7.1 Packaging and Identification:7.1.1 Cores shall have a crushing strength sufficient to avoid collapse or other damage in normal use.7.1.2 Identify ea
48、ch roll with a durable, gummed label, or equivalent, either clearly readable on the outer wrap or on the insideof the core. Roll identification should include, at minimum, the name of the manufacturer or supplier, product or style number, andthe unique roll number. Identification should also include
49、 the width and length of the roll. Any other unique characteristics shouldbe clearly identified. For rolls with no identification on the inside of the core, once samples are taken, labels on the outer wrapshould be removed and placed inside the core for traceability. All designations should be readable for clear identification.NOTE 4Rolls bundled or strapped as a single unit could be regarded as a single roll for identification purposes, provided all the rolls remain as a singleunit received by the end user.7.2 Recei
