1、Designation: D4822 88 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Guide forSelection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of FluvialSediments (Manual Methods)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the selection of methods for deter-mining the size distribution of fluv
3、ial sediments particles in therange greater than 0.45 m using manual methods. Manualmethods are defined as those methods that require the operatorto do some actual measurements and calculations. An auto-mated method would be one which, after the sample isprepared and inserted into an instrument, the
4、 instrument(machine) does the measuring and calculations, not the opera-tor. Not all manual methods are presented in this guide.However, where available, at least two methods for eachparticle size range are given.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of meas
5、urement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory lim
6、itations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of SoilsD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD4410 Terminology for Fluvial SedimentD4411 Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in MotionE20 Practice for Particle Size Analysis of Particulate Sub-
7、stances in the Range of 0.2 to 75 Micrometres by OpticalMicroscopy (Withdrawn 1994)33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this guide,refer to Terminologies D1129 and D4410.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, re
8、fer toTerminology D4410.3.2.2 particle counta method of particle size analysis inwhich the number of particles in the various size ranges arecounted manually.3.2.3 particle sizethe diameter, usually the intermediatediameter, of a particle measured by settling, sieving,micrometric, or direct measurem
9、ent methods (see 5.2).3.2.4 particle size distributionthe relative amount of asediment sample in a range of specific sizes in terms ofpercentages by mass, volume, or number, finer than a givenparticle size.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide consists of suggested manual test methodsfor analyzing fluvi
10、al sediment samples for particle size distri-bution.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide is general and useful in helping the user todetermine an appropriate manual test method for determiningthe particle size distribution of fluvial sediments. The sug-gested test methods are not described in this
11、guide, butreferences are given so that the user may obtain more infor-mation about each test method.5.2 It should be noted that different test methods may andoften times do produce different particle size distributions forthe same sample. This is due in part to the different testmethods requiring na
12、tive or distilled water, differences in1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomorphology,and Open-Channel Flow.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved in 1988
13、. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4822 88 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/D4822-88R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
14、page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1dispersion methods used, and differences in what the testmethod is measuring,
15、that is, physical or sedimentation diam-eter.6. Sampling6.1 Collect the samples in accordance with Guide D4411 or“Field Methods for Measurement of Fluvial Sediments” (1).47. Procedure7.1 Visually inspect the sample or streambed to estimateparticle size ranges contained in the sample.7.2 Enter Table
16、1 from the left. Determine the test methodsthat are appropriate for: (1) the estimated particle size con-tained in the sample, and (2) the desired reporting units.7.3 Details on each test method are given in the referenceslisted under each test method.7.4 Use Table 2 to estimate quantities of sedime
17、nt neededfor each type of analysis.8. Precision and Bias8.1 The test methods suggested in this guide have differentprecision ranges and biases. See References (2-8) and TestMethod D422 for precision and bias information applicable foreach test method.9. Keywords9.1 particle size; sediment4The boldfa
18、ce numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis guide.TABLE 1 Guide for Selection of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments Using Manual MethodsNOTE 1Not all test methods will give complete distribution for the size range indicated, some will only give percent finer
19、for one or two sizes inthe indicated range. See references for more detail on each test method.M = Results in percent by mass PC = Particle countN = Results in percent by number of particles OPC= Optical particle count, non-microscopicV = Results in percent by volume H = HydrometerBW = Bottom withdr
20、awal M = MicroscopicP = Pipet D = DecantationVA = Visual accumulation EW = Elutriator, waterWS = Wet sieve EA = Elutriator, airDS = Dry sieve C = CentrifugalMethods/SizesBW(2, 3)AP(2, 3)VA(2, 3, 4)WS(2, 3)DS(2, 5)PC(2)OPC(6)H(3, 7),TestMethodD422BM(7, 8),PracticeE20BD(7, 9)EW(8, 9)EA(8, 9)C(7, 8)Cla
21、y 0.000450.004 mm M M M M VNMMMSilt 0.0040.062 mm M M M M M VNMMMMSand 0.0622.0 mm M M M N VNVNMMGravel 2.064 mm M N VNCobbles 64256 mm N VNBoulders 256 mm N VNANumbers in parentheses indicate applicable reference in the list of references at the end of this guide.BSee Referenced Documents section f
22、or complete title and location.TABLE 2 Ranges in Optimum Quantity of Sediment for DifferentMethods of Particle Size AnalysisMethodRange in Optimum Quantity orConcentration of Sediment(BW) Bottom withdrawal 0.51.8 g(P) Pipet 1.05.0 g(VA) Visual accumulation 0.0515.0 g(WS) Wet sieve 0.05g(DS) Dry siev
23、e 0.05 g(PC) Particle count 100 particles(OPC) Optical particle count 1000 particlesH) (Hydrometer 40 000 mg/LA(M) Microscopic 750 particles(D) Decantation 1.05.0 g(EW) Elutriator, water 10 gEA) (Elutriator, air 0.120 g(C) Centrifugal 0.52.0 volume %AAQuantity of sediment needed to obtain this conce
24、ntration will vary dependingupon size of container needed to perform test method.D4822 88 (2014)2REFERENCES(1) Edwards, T. K., and Glysson, G. D.,“Field Methods for Measurementof Fluvial Sediment,” U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 3, Chapter 2, 1988.(2) Guy,
25、H. P., “Laboratory Theory and Methods for Sediment Analysis,”U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-ResourcesInvestigations, Book 5, Chapter C1, p. 58, 1969.(3) Vanoni, V. A., “Sedimentation Engineering,” American Society ofCivil Engineering, Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice,No. 54, p
26、. 745, 1975.(4) U.S. Inter-Agency Committee on Water Resources, Subcommittee onSedimentation, “Operators Manual on the Visual-Accumulation-TubeMethod for SedimentAnalysis of Sands,” Report K of Sediment Loadsin Streams, p. 28, 1958.(5) Symposium on Particle Size Measurement, ASTM STP 234, ASTM,1958,
27、 p. 310.(6) Ritter, J. R., and Helley, E. J., “Optical Method for DeterminingParticle Size of Course Sediment,” U.S. Geological Survey Tech-niques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 5, Chapter C3, p. 33,1969.(7) Allen, T., Particle Size Measurement, Chapman and Hall Ltd.,London, England, p. 454
28、, 1975.(8) Stockman, J. D., and Fochtman, E. G., “Particle Size Analysis,” AnnArbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI, p. 140, 1977.(9) U.S. Inter-Agency Committee on Water Resources, Subcommittee onSedimentation, “Measurement and Analysis of Sediment Loads inStreams,” Report No. 4, Methods of Analyzing Sedime
29、nt Samples,p.203, 1941.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringem
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32、own to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4822 88 (2014)3
