1、Designation: D4685 07 (Reapproved 2011)1D4685/D4685M 15Standard Test Method forPile Fabric Abrasion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4685;D4685/D4685M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEThe Terminology section was updated in June 2011.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion of p
3、ile fabrics when the loss of pile tuffs occur, sometimes calledpile retention or pile pull out. It includes two procedures:1.1.1 Procedure AThe “Heavy Duty” procedure describes the test option for fabrics over 240 g/m2 (7 oz/yd2) or fabrics whichshould meet heavy duty end-use conditions of wear.1.1.
4、2 Procedure BThe “Light Duty” procedure describes the test option for fabrics under 240 g/m2 (7 oz/yd2) or fabrics whichshould meet light duty end-use conditions of wear.1.2 The test method is intended for both regular, ribless woven corduroy or other woven pile fabric constructions.1.3 The values s
5、tated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the separately as standard. The values statedin each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with the st
6、andard.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address allof the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriatesafety and health practices and det
7、ermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2724 Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated Apparel FabricsD3884 Guide for Abrasion Resistance o
8、f Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test MethodsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ASTM Adju
9、nct:3Photographic Scale for Pile Retention2.3 AATCC Method:4TM 135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering of Woven or Knit Fabricsof Fabrics after Home Laundering3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods.Methods, General, see Terminology D4850.3.2 The f
10、ollowing terms are relevant to this standard: abrasion, corduroy, pile fabric, pile retention, velveteen.3.3 For definitions of all other textile terms see Terminology D123.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
11、D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, General.Current edition approved May 1, 2011Aug. 1, 2015. Published June 2011September 2015. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2007 asD4685 07.D4685 07(2011)1. DOI: 10.1520/D4685-07R11E01.10.1520/D4685_D4685M-15.2 For referencedASTM standar
12、ds, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Aset of six photographic standards for pile retention of corduroy fabrics is available
13、fromASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,International Headquarters. OrderAdjunct No. ADJ4685W. Conchohocken, PA 19483-9585. Request adjunct no. 12-446850-184 Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/w
14、ww.aatcc.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users cons
15、ult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test s
16、pecimens are exposed to a specified number of abrasion cycles on face and back separately and then evaluated byviewing the specimen over a light box and comparing to photographic standards. The method measures only the amount of pilepulled out of the base fabric structure and not the surface pile ap
17、pearance attributes, such as crushed or flatten ribs.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for quality control testing and commercial shipment acceptance.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method, the pur
18、chaser and thesupplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statisticalassistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take test specimens that are fromthe lot of material of t
19、he type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to eachlaboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using students t-test for unpaired dataand an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the te
20、sting is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause mustbe found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.5.2 Finishes and changes in fabric surfaces may exert a large effect on pile retention of corduroy. Therefore,
21、it may be desirableto test before as well as after laundering or drycleaning, or both.5.3 The separate testing of specimens on the face and back of the fabric is important in this test method since the pile pull-outmay be due to abrasive action on either the face or back. With many pile fabrics, spe
22、cifically corduroy constructions, pile retentionproperties are worse when abraded on the back.6. Apparatus6.1 Rotary Platform Abraser, as described in Test Method D3884. and consisting of the following:6.1.1 CS-10 Calibrase Abrading Wheels.6.1.1 Specimen Holder, rubber pad, clamp plate, and clamp ri
23、ng.6.1.2 Auxillary Weight, to give a load of 500 g per wheel.wheel (exclusive of the mass of the wheel).6.1.3 Vacuum Unit.6.2 CS-10 Calibrase Abrading Wheels5.6.2.1 The wheels shall be a cylindrical shape which includes an axial hole 16.060.1 mm (0.62560.004 in.); sides of the wheelshall be parallel
24、, and each wheel shall be 12.7 6 0.3 mm (0.50 6 0.012 in.) thick and have an external diameter of less than 52mm (2 in.) when new but in no case less than 44.4 mm (1.75 in.).6.3 Resurfacing Discs (S-11), used to resurface the CS-10 abrading wheels.6.3.1 The resurfacing disc shall be 150 grit silicon
25、 carbide coated abrasive paper, approximately 102 mm (4 in.) diameter witha 7 mm (14 in.) center hole.6.4 Round Template, or die approximately 135 mm (514 in.) in diameter for cutting out specimens.6.5 Photographic Rating Standards.36.6 Lighted Viewing Box, for evaluation (see Fig. 1).6.6.1 The box
26、is approximately 215 mm (838 in.) in height, 150 mm (578 in.) wide, 150 mm (578 in.) in depth, with a 90 mm(334 3 in.) diameter opening in the top. The opening is covered with a clear glass plate which has a black 25 mm (1 in.) circulartape glued to the center of the opening to prevent light from pa
27、ssing through the center hole of the specimen while grading.6.6.2 The box contains a 75 W reflector flood light6 the top of which is 38 mm (112 in.) below the glass surface of the box andthe specimen. The lamp size and spacing is critical.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testi
28、ng, take at random the number of rolls of fabric directed in an applicablematerial specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric to be the primarysampling units.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample, take from each roll of fabric in the lot s
29、ample a full width swatch at least 500mm (20 in.) long after removing at least 1 m (1 yd) of fabric from the outside of the roll. If the fabric is also to be evaluated afterlaundering or drycleaning, take a second full width swatch 500 mm (20 in.) long from each roll of fabric in the lot sample.5 Th
30、e TaberAbraser has been found suitable for this purpose. Several models are available from Taber Industries, 455 Bryant St., North Tonawanda, NY 14120.sole sourceof supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Taber Industries, North Tonawanda, NY. If you are aware of alternative s
31、uppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,5 which you mayattend.6 A 75-watt reflector flood light manufactured by General Electric Co. (75R 30/FL) has been found su
32、itable for this purpose.D4685/D4685M 1527.3 Test SpecimensCut four specimens from each swatch in the laboratory sample as directed in 8.1.8. Specimens and Preparation8.1 Using the template or die specified in 6.26.4, cut four specimens 133 approximately 135 mm (514 in.) in diameter from eachlaborato
33、ry sample. If a sample is to be evaluated after laundering or drycleaning, four additional specimens will be taken. (SeeSection 9).8.2 Cut the specimens from each laboratory sample so that each specimen contains different warp and filling yarns. Twospecimens are to be used to test the face of the sa
34、mple and two specimens to test the back of the fabric.8.3 Prepare specimen by folding the round specimen twice and cutting off the pointed tip to produce a 6-mm (14-in.) hole inthe center of the specimen to accommodate the clamping screw.8.4 Determine the fabric mass or identify the anticipated end-
35、use of the sample, or both, for proper selection of the testingoption.8.5 Prior to testing, ensure the expiration date of the abrasion wheels has not passed for the CS-10 wheels. Follow themanufacturers recommended procedure for breaking in new, or resurfacing and cleaning wheel sets.NOTE 1See detai
36、led instructions on preconditioning and other operations in the instrument manual or those in Test Method D3884.9. Laundering and Drycleaning9.1 LaunderingIf the fabric is to be evaluated after laundering, launder the appropriate laboratory samples for three cyclesusing AATCC TM 135, unless the purc
37、haser and supplier agree to use an alternate procedure.9.2 DrycleaningIf the fabric is to be evaluated after drycleaning, dryclean the appropriate laboratory samples for three cyclesas directed in 10.1 through 10.1.4.5 of Method D2724, unless an alternative procedure is agreed upon by the purchaser
38、andsupplier.10. Conditioning10.1 Bring the specimens to moisture equilibrium without preconditioning, as directed in Practice D1776.11. Standardization11.1 To ensure that the abrading function of the wheels is maintained at a constant level, prepare the abrading wheels prior toeach test.11.2 Mount t
39、he resurfacing disc on the specimen holder and secure in place with the clamp plate, nut and clamping ring. Usethe same load that will be used for testing (see 12.6.1 or 12.6.2). Lower the abrading heads carefully until the wheels rest squarelyon the abrasive disc. Set the vacuum suction force to 10
40、0. Place the vacuum pick-up nozzle in position and adjust it toapproximately 6.35 mm (14 in.) above the resurfacing disc.FIG. 1 Pile Retention Viewing BoxD4685/D4685M 15311.3 Resurface the wheels by running them 25 cycles against the resurfacing medium. Each S-11 resurfacing disk is good forone resu
41、rfacing operation, after which it shall be discarded.12. Procedure12.1 Test the conditioned specimens in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, which istextiles. See Practice D1776atemperature of 21 6 1C (70 6 2F) and a relative humidity of 65 6 2 %11.2 Mount the specimen on the holder and at
42、tach the clamp plate and nut.12.2 Position the clamp ring to a tight fit over the specimen and holder and draw the specimen taut by pressing the hold downring uniformly over the edge of the holder. When the desired tension is obtained, tighten the clamp ring screw. Avoid excessivetightening of the c
43、lamp ring screw so as to prevent specimen wrinkling. (Fabrics with stretch yarns are difficult to mountuniformly.)Mount the specimen on the holder and attach the clamp plate and nut.12.2.1 Position the clamp ring to a tight fit over the specimen and holder and draw the specimen taut by pressing the
44、hold downring uniformly over the edge of the holder. When the desired tension is obtained, tighten the clamp ring screw. Avoid excessivetightening of the clamp ring screw so as to prevent specimen wrinkling. (Fabrics with stretch yarns are difficult to mountuniformly.)12.2.2 If the specimen holder i
45、s removed to mount or analyze specimens, ensure the holder is properly replaced on the driveshaft of the tester.11.4 If the specimen holder is removed to mount or analyze specimens, prior to testing ensure the holder is properly replacedon the drive shaft of the tester.12.3 Lower the abrading heads
46、carefully onto the surface of the specimen.12.4 Lower the vacuum suction nozzle and adjust it to approximately 6.35 mm (14 in.) above the specimen. Failure to adjustthe nozzle to the fabric thickness can cause excess abrasion if the nozzle is leftpositioned too low.12.5 Adjust the vacuum suction con
47、trol between 60 and 100, or to a setting high enough to remove abraded particles.12.6 Select the desired number of test cycles and wheel loading as listed in the procedures below:12.6.1 Option A Heavy Duty ProcedureTest two specimens on the fabric face for 300 cycles and two specimens on the backfor
48、 100 cycles. Use CS-10 wheels with a loading mass of 500 g/wheel.12.6.2 Option B Light Duty ProcedureTest two specimens on the fabric face for 300 cycles and two specimens on the backfor 50 cycles. Use CS-10 wheels with a loading mass of 250 g/wheel. (Each arm minus the auxillaryauxilliary weights e
49、quals 250g/wheel.)12.7 After testing, raise wheels and vacuum nozzle then remove the specimen for grading. If desired, the holder may beremoved from the tester by lifting straight up. This will permit a closer inspection of the specimen prior to removal from the holder.NOTE 2For special studies when a transparent platform to the specimen holder is used, pile loss may be observed over the viewing box with thespecimen still attached to the transparent holder.13. Evaluation13.1 The operator is to rate all abraded specimens by placing them, face up,
