1、Designation: D 4566 05e1An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forElectrical Performance Properties of Insulations andJackets for Telecommunications Wire and Cable1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4566; the number immediately following the designation indicates the y
2、ear oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEChanges were made to improve the layout and clarity of equ
3、ations throughout October 2005.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for electricaltesting of thermoplastic insulations and jackets used on tele-communications wire and cable and for the testing of electricalcharacteristics of completed products. To determine the proce-dure to be used on t
4、he particular insulation or jacket com-pound, or on the end product, reference should be made to thespecification for the product.1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections of thisstandard:Test Method SectionsElectrical Tests of InsulationIn-Process 4-8DC proof test 8Insulation defect or
5、fault rate 7Spark test 6Electrical Tests of Completed Wire and Cable 9-51Attenuation 24Attenuation, effects due to aging 31Attenuation, effects due to elevated temperature 29Attenuation, effects due to humidity 30Attenuation to crosstalk ratiofar end (ACR-F) 28Attenuation to crosstalk rationear end
6、(ACR-N) 26Capacitance deviation 19Capacitance difference 20Capacitance unbalance, Pair-to-ground (CUPG) 22Capacitance unbalance, Pair-to-pair (CUPP) 21Capacitance unbalance, Pair-to-support wire 23Characteristic ImpedanceMethod 1 Propagation constantand capacitance47Characteristic ImpedanceMethod 2,
7、 Single-endedmeasurements48Characteristic ImpedanceMethod 3 Least Squares Function Fit 49Coaxial capacitance (capacitance to water) 17Conductor continuity 11Conductor resistance (CR) 13Conductor resistance unbalance (CRU of pairs) 15Continuity of other metallic elements 12Crosses test (continuity be
8、tween wires of different pairs) 35Crosstalk loss, far-end 27Crosstalk loss, near-end 25DC proof test, Core-to-internal shield (screen) 40DC proof test, Core-to-shield 38Test Method SectionsDC proof test, Core-to-support wire 39DC proof test, Internal shield (screen)-to-shield 41DC proof test, Other
9、required isolations 42DC proof test, Wire-to-wire 37Fault rate test (air core only) 33Insulation resistance (IR) 32Jacket voltage breakdown rating test 36Mutual capacitance (CM) 18Mutual conductance 16Phase Constant 44Phase Delay 45Phase Velocity 46Resistance of other metallic cable elements 14Short
10、s test (continuity between wires of a pair) 34Structural Return Loss and Return Loss 50Unbalance attenuation (conversion losses) 51Voltage surge test 431.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. SI units are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to
11、 address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazardstatements are given in Sections 6 a
12、nd 37.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical ConductorMaterialsD 150 Test Methods for A-C Loss Characteristics andPermittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insu-lating MaterialsD 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD 2633
13、 Test Methods for Thermoplastic Insulations andJackets for Wire and CableD 3426 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating MaterialsUsing Impulse Waves1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electro
14、nic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.18 on Solid Insulations, Non-Metallic Shieldings, and Cover-ings for Electrical and Telecommunications Wires and Cables.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previou
15、s edition approved in 1998 as D 4566 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM Inter
16、national, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 5423 Specification for Forced-Convection laboratory Ov-ens for Evaluations of Electrical InsulationE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 ANS
17、I Standard:ANSI/IEEE Standard 100 IEEE Standard Dictionary ofElectrical and Electronics Terms32.3 IEC Standard:IEC 61156-1 Multicore and Symmetrical Pair/Quad Cablesfor Digital CommunicationsPart 1: Generic Specifica-tion32.4 ITU-T Standard:ITU-T Recommendation G117 Transmission Aspects ofUnbalance
18、About Earth33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this stan-dard, refer to Terminology D 1711.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 air core, nrefers to products in which the air spacesbetween cable core components (pairs, etc.) remain in theirunfilled or n
19、atural state.3.2.2 armored wire or cable, nwire or cable in which theshielded or jacketed or shielded and jacketed wire or cable iscompletely enclosed by a metallic covering designed to protectthe underlying telecommunications elements from mechanicaldamage.3.2.3 cable, telecommunications, nproducts
20、 of six ormore pairs.3.2.4 filled core, nthose products in which air spaces arefilled with some materials intended to exclude air or moisture,or both.3.2.5 low frequency cable, ncable used for transmittingsignals at a frequency of 2 MHz or less.3.2.6 pair, ntwo insulated conductors combined with atw
21、ist.3.2.7 sheath, nthe jacket and any underlying layers ofshield, armor, or other intermediate material down to but notincluding the core wrap.3.2.8 shielded wire or cable, nwire or cable in which thecore (or inner jacket) is completely enclosed by a metalliccovering designed to shield the core from
22、 electrostatic orelectromagnetic interference, or both.3.2.9 wire, telecommunications, nproducts containingless than six pairs.ELECTRICAL TESTS OF INSULATIONIN-PROCESS4. Scope4.1 In-process electrical tests are used primarily as processcontrol tools in an attempt to minimize the number andmagnitude
23、of problems detected at final test of completedcable.5. Significance and Use5.1 Electrical tests, properly interpreted, provide informa-tion with regard to the electrical properties of the insulation.The electrical test values give an indication as to how theinsulation will perform under conditions
24、similar to thoseobserved in the tests. Electrical tests may provide data forresearch and development, engineering design, quality control,and acceptance or rejection under specifications.6. Spark Test6.1 The spark test is intended to detect defects in theinsulation of insulated wire conductors. Spar
25、k testers arecommonly used to detect insulation defects (faults) at conduc-tor insulating operations, at pair twisting operations, and(occasionally) at operations for assembly or subassembly ofconductors. In selected instances, spark tests may be used todetect defects in the jackets of shielded wire
26、 and cable, and insuch cases, spark testers appear on cable jacketing lines. Thebasic method calls for a voltage to be applied between agrounded conductor and an electrode that is in mechanicalcontact with the surface of the material being tested. The wireor cable under test usually moves continuous
27、ly against theelectrode. When the dielectric medium is faulty (for example,excessively thin or missing, as in a pin-hole or when mechani-cally damaged), the impressed voltage will produce an arc tothe grounded conductor. This arcing or sparking will usuallyactivate one or more indicators (such as, w
28、arning buzzers orlights, counters, etc.) and, when appropriately interlocked, mayhalt the production or movement of the item through the sparktester electrode. For telecommunications products, the numberof faults is usually only counted while production continues.Jacket defects may be flagged when d
29、etected. Jacket defectsand units of insulated wire containing an excessive number offaults may be repaired or disposed of.6.2 WarningLethal voltages may be present during thistest. It is essential that the test apparatus, and all associatedequipment that may be electrically connected to it, be prope
30、rlydesigned and installed for safe operation. Solidly ground allelectrically conductive parts that any person might come intocontact with during the test. Provide means for use at thecompletion of any test to ground any parts which: were at highvoltage during the test; may have acquired an induced c
31、hargeduring the test; may retain a charge even after disconnection ofthe voltage source. Thoroughly instruct all operators in theproper way to conduct tests safely. When making high voltagetests, particularly in compressed gas or in oil, the energyreleased at breakdown may be suffcient to result in
32、fire,explosion, or rupture of the test chamber. Design test equip-ment, test chambers, and test specimens so as to minimize thepossibility of personal injury.6.3 Unless otherwise limited by detailed specification re-quirements, spark testers used may generate either an ac or dctest voltage; if ac, v
33、arious frequencies may be used. For safetyto personnel, spark test equipment is usually current-limited tolevels normally considered to be non-lethal. Unless otherwisespecified, the test voltage level employed shall be at thediscretion of the manufacturer.3Available from Global Engineering Documents
34、, 15 Inverness Way East,Englewood, CO 80113-5776.D456605e126.4 Unless otherwise limited by detailed specification re-quirements, various types of electrodes may be used, at thediscretion of the manufacturer. Bead chains, water, ionized airand spring rods are among electrode types that have beensucce
35、ssfully employed. The length of the electrode is alsovariable; unless otherwise limited by detailed specificationrequirements, electrode size and length shall be such that thetester will operate successfully for any particular rate of travelof the product through the tester that is used. In spite of
36、 currentlimitations, electrodes are normally provided with groundedmetallic screens or shields to guard against accidental person-nel contact.6.5 Both ends of the conductor of an insulated wire, or bothends of a metallic shield under a cable jacket are grounded, andthen attached to the ground side o
37、f the tester. Attach the highvoltage side of the tester to the sparker electrode. Set the testvoltage at the level specified. Unless otherwise specified,energize the spark tester whenever the product to be tested ismoving through the electrode. Take appropriate action (forexample, flag defects, coun
38、t defects, adjust the process, etc.)when and if defects are detected.6.6 Report:6.6.1 Report the following information recorded on suitableforms (that is, production reports):6.6.1.1 Machine number and type (that is, extruder, twister,etc.),6.6.1.2 Date of production test,6.6.1.3 Insulation type (ai
39、r core or filled core), conductorgage and footage,6.6.1.4 Voltage level, and6.6.1.5 Number of indicated faults.6.7 Precision and BiasThe precision of this test has notbeen determined. No statement can be made about the bias ofthis spark test since the result merely states whether there isconformance
40、 to the criteria for success specified in the productspecification.7. Insulation Defect or Fault RateIn-Process7.1 For purposes of in-process control, it may be desirableto monitor and record in-process faults at a particular operation(such as, extruders, twisters, etc.) and relate the number ofdefe
41、cts found to the quantity of product produced.7.2 When appropriate and using records of the quantity ofproduct produced versus the number of insulation defectscounted, a fault rate may be established as a ratio as follows:Fault Rate 5NL51X(1)where:N = the number of faults detected,L = the length of
42、the product over which the faults aredetected, andX = the average length of the product per fault.7.3 Fault rates may be determined for any particular timeframe as desired; however, minimum industry practice is tokeep fault rate records covering periods approximating 1month, with cumulative records
43、kept for 6-month periods (forexample, for the first 6 months of the year, the fault rate was1/40 000 ft, meaning 1 fault/40 000 conductor ft).7.4 ReportReport in accordance with 6.6.7.5 Precision and BiasThe precision of this test has notbeen determined. No statement can be made about the bias ofthi
44、s test for insulation defect or fault rate since the resultmerely states whether there is conformance to the criteria forsuccess specified in the product specification.8. DC Proof TestIn-Process8.1 For purposes of in-process control, it may be desirableto dc proof test product at one or more stages
45、of processingprior to the final test operation. Such testing is normally at thediscretion of the manufacturer.8.2 Conduct wire-to-wire dc proof tests in accordance withSection 37 following, at whatever stage of production may beappropriate and designated by the factory management.8.3 ReportReport in
46、 accordance with Section 52 exceptthat 52.1.5 does not apply.8.4 Precision and BiasThe precision of this test has notbeen determined. No statement can be made about the bias ofthis dc proof test since the result merely states whether there isconformance to the criteria for success specified in the p
47、roductspecification.ELECTRICAL TESTS OF COMPLETED WIREAND CABLE9. Scope9.1 Electrical tests of completed wire and cable may includeverification of some or all of the properties in accordance withSections 11 through 51.10. Significance and Use10.1 Electrical tests, properly interpreted, provide infor
48、ma-tion with regard to the electrical properties of the insulation orof the jacket, or both. The electrical test values give anindication as to how the wire or cable, or both, will performunder conditions similar to those observed in the tests. Elec-trical test may provide data for research and deve
49、lopment,engineering design, quality control, and acceptance or rejectionunder specifications.11. Conductor Continuity11.1 Continuity of the conductors of a telecommunicationswire and cable is a critical characteristic.11.2 Unless otherwise specified or agreed upon, conductorcontinuity shall be verified using a dc potential of 100 V orless. Manual continuity checkers commonly take a form of abattery voltage source of 9 V, in series with a visible or audibleindicator with hand-held test leads. Automatic test equipment,also available to test properly terminate
