1、Designation: D 4380 84 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forDensity of Bentonitic Slurries1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4380; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the densityof slurries used in slurry construction techniques, such as areused for barri
3、ers to control the horizontal movement of liquids.This test method is modified from API RecommendedPractice 13B.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult andestablish appr
4、opriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluids2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard:API RP 13B Recommended Practice Standard
5、 Procedurefor Testing Drilling Fluids (Section 1)33. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to this test method, referto Terminology D 653.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The mud balance is the instrument generally used forthis test method. The weight of a fixed volume of the slurry ismeasure
6、d by moving a rider counterweight along a graduatedscale. The density of the slurry is then read directly off thegraduated scale after the instrument is balanced.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides for the determination of thedensity of bentonitic slurries in the laboratory and fiel
7、d. Forfreshly mixed slurry, this test method may be used as anindicator of mix proportions. For in-trench slurry, a certainvalue may be specified for maintaining trench stability.6. Apparatus6.1 Mud BalanceAny instrument of sufficient accuracy topermit measurement within 60.01 g/cm3may be used, how-
8、ever, the mud balance is the instrument generally used (see Fig.1). The mud balance consists of a mud cup attached to one endof a beam which is balanced on the other end by a fixedcounterweight and a rider free to move along a graduated scale.A level bubble is mounted on the beam. Attachments forext
9、ending the range of the balance may be used.7. Calibration7.1 The instrument should be calibrated frequently withfresh water. Fresh water should give a reading of 1.00 g/cm3at70F (21.1C). If it does not, adjust the balancing screw or theamount of lead shot in the well at the end of the graduated arm
10、as required.8. Procedure8.1 Set up the instrument base approximately level.8.2 Fill the clean, dry cup with slurry to be tested, place thecap on the cup, and rotate the cap until firmly seated. Makesure some of the slurry is expelled through the hole in the capto free trapped air or gas.8.3 Wash or
11、wipe the excess slurry from the outside of thecup.8.4 Place the beam on the support and balance it by movingthe rider along the graduated scale. The beam is horizontalwhen the leveling bubble is on the center line.8.5 Read the density at the side of the rider toward the knifeedge. Make appropriate c
12、orrections when a range extender isused.8.6 Clean and dry the instrument thoroughly after each use.9. Calculation9.1 To convert the density to other units, use the followingrelationships:r in g/cm35 specific gravity numerically!, or (1)r in lb/ft35 r in g/cm3! 62.43, orr in lb/gal 5 r in g/cm3! 8.35
13、1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on HydrologicProperties and Hydraulic Barriers.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2006. Published March 2006. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition appro
14、ved in 2001 as D 438084(2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the American Pe
15、troleum Institute, 2101 L St., NW, Washington,DC 20037.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.10. Report10.1 Record the density to the nearest 0.01 g/cm3.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The precision and bias of this test method
16、have notbeen established. Data are being sought that will be suitable fordeveloping a precision and bias statement.12. Keywords12.1 bentonite; density; slurryASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standa
17、rd. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewe
18、d every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible
19、technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
20、ohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).NOTE 1Photo courtesy of N. L. BaroidN. L. Industries, Inc., Houston TX.FIG. 1 Mud BalanceD 4380 84 (2006)2
