1、Designation: D4143 89 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Guide forTesting Latex Vehicles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers methods suitable for testing latexvehicles. Certain of these methods were developed expresslyfor testing latex vehicles. Others were
3、 developed for testing oranalyzing formulated water- or solvent-based coatings butwould be equally applicable for testing lattices.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address
4、 all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D562 Test Method
5、for Consistency of Paints MeasuringKrebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-eterD1417 Test Methods for Rubber LaticesSyntheticD1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational
6、 (Brookfield type) Vis-cometerD2354 Test Method for Minimum Film Formation Tem-perature (MFFT) of Emulsion Vehicles3D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers inEmulsion PaintsD3792 Test Method for Water Content of Coatings byDirect In
7、jection Into a Gas ChromatographD3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented CoatingsD4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materialsby Karl Fischer MethodD4758 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Latexes3E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass Electro
8、de3. Latex Sampling Methods3.1 Practice D3925 describes sampling procedures for for-mulated (pigmented) coatings that are equally applicable tolatex vehicles.4. Nonvolatile Content4.1 Test Method D2369 has been found suitable for thedetermination of the volatile content of many latex vehicles.Nonvol
9、atile content is obtained by subtracting the results from100.NOTE 1Determinations of the volatile content using a shorter baketime than the 60 min recommended in Test Method D2369 should benoted in the report of the results.4.2 The nonvolatile content of latexes may also be deter-mined for quality c
10、ontrol purposes with Test Method D4758which specifies baking at 180C for 20 min, conditionsselected to allow completion of testing in1horless. For latexvehicles used in certain air-dry or low temperature bakecoatings, as well as for those that contain temperature-sensitivematerials, the use of the m
11、ilder test conditions of Test MethodD2369 (see 4.1) will more accurately reflect the effectivenonvolatile content.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.33 on Polymers a
12、nd Resins.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4143 89 (2001).DOI: 10.1520/D414389R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm
13、.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.TABLE 1 Methods for Testing Latex VehiclesTest Method Section ASTM DesignationLate
14、x sampling methods 3 D3925Nonvolatile content 3.1 D2369, D4758Minimum film formation temperature(MFT)5 D2354Qualitative polymeric analysis 6 D3168Density 7 D1475Viscosity 8 D2196Consistency 9 D562Water content 10 D3792, D4017pH 11 E70Surface tension 12 D14171Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
15、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2.1 Test Method D4758 is not intended to be employed fordetermining the volatile organic content (VOC) of formulatedcoatings.5. Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFT)5.1 The MFT is the lowest temperature at which a latex wi
16、llform a continuous film. Test Method D2354 employs draw-down application of the test latex on a substrate over which atemperature gradient has been established. The lowest tem-perature at which the latex is converted into a clear, continuousfilm corresponds to the minimum film formation temperature
17、.6. Qualitative Polymer Analysis6.1 Chemical identification of the polymeric material con-tained in a latex is readily determined by a method that wasdeveloped for polymer analysis of formulated latex paints.Practice D3168 employs a sequence of drying and subsequentextraction and solution procedures
18、 that remove volatile andnonvolatile nonpolymeric materials and isolate the polymericsolids of the latex. The major components of the isolatedpolymeric material are qualitatively identified by infraredabsorption or pyrolysis-gas chromatographic techniques, orboth.7. Density7.1 The density of a latex
19、 is its weight (mass) per unitvolume and is usually expressed as weight per gallon or gramsper millilitre at a specified temperature. At constant latexnonvolatile content, the density of various latex materials canvary depending on the density of the contained polymer solids.Test Method D1475 is a g
20、eneral method for determining thedensity of fluid formulated coatings and components thereofand is therefore equally applicable for determination of thedensity of lattices.8. Viscosity8.1 Lattices are non-Newtonian materials having rheologi-cal properties that can be characterized by apparent viscos
21、itymeasurements made using rotational-type viscometers. TestMethods D2196 describes techniques using a Brookfield vis-cometer by which apparent viscosity can be measured andrelative shear rate and time dependence of apparent viscositycan be assessed.9. Consistency9.1 Consistency of formulated fluid
22、paints, lacquers, var-nishes, and their individual fluid components, including high-viscosity lattices, are frequently measured using the Stormerviscometer. Test Method D562 describes operation of theStormer viscometer for measuring the consistency of suchmaterials either with or without a strobosco
23、pic timer.10. Water Content10.1 Although the major component of the volatile materialin a latex is usually water, other volatile components may bepresent. Test Method D3792 was developed for determiningthe water content of liquid latex coatings by direct injectioninto a gas chromatograph. This metho
24、d is equally suitable fordetermining water content of lattices. Test Method D4017 isbased on the Karl Fischer method and is also applicable fordetermining the water content of lattices.11. pH11.1 The pH of a latex can be measured by the generalprocedure described for aqueous solutions in Test Method
25、 E70.12. Surface Tension12.1 The surface tension of latex may be determined by thetechnique given in Test Methods D1417. It is useful as a qualitycontrol/assurance test, and as an indicator of the wettingcharacteristics.13. Keywords13.1 latex vehicles; latticesASTM International takes no position re
26、specting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This
27、 standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Inter
28、national Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown b
29、elow.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4143 89 (2009)2
