1、Designation: D3801 10Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics of SolidPlastics in a Vertical Position1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3801; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a small-scalelaboratory procedure for determining comp
3、arative burningcharacteristics of solid-plastic material, using a 20-mm (50W)premixed flame applied to the base of specimens held in avertical position.NOTE 1This test method and the 20 mm (50W) Vertical Burning Test(V-0, V-1, or V-2) of ANSI/UL 94 are equivalent.NOTE 2This test method and Test Meth
4、od B of IEC 606951110 areequivalent. IEC 606951110 has replaced ISO 1210.NOTE 3For additional information on materials that burn up to theholding clamp by this test method, see Test Method D635. For testmethods of flexible plastics in the form of thin sheets and film, see TestMethod D4804. For addit
5、ional information on comparative burningcharacteristics and resistance to burn-through, see Test Method D5048.1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materialsused for parts in devices and appliances. The results areintended to serve as a preliminary indication of their accept-ability with
6、respect to flammability for a particular application.The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its usein complete equipment that conforms with the standardsapplicable to such equipment.1.3 The classification system described in the appendix isintended for quality assurance and the prese
7、lection of compo-nent materials for products.1.4 It is possible that this test is applicable to nonmetallicmaterials other than plastics. Such application is outside thescope of this technical committee.1.5 This test method does not cover plastics when used forbuilding construction, finishing or con
8、tents such as wall andfloor coverings, furnishings, decorative objects etc. In addition,the fire resistance (in terms of an hourly rating), flame spread,smoke characterization and heat release rate are not evaluatedby this test. Other fire tests exist and shall be used to evaluatethe flammability of
9、 materials in these intended end use productconfiguration.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame u
10、nder controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
11、 is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD635 Test Method for Rate of
12、Burning and/or Extent andTime of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal PositionD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD4804 Test Method for Determining the FlammabilityCharacteristics of Nonrigid Solid PlasticsD5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materi
13、alsD5048 Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burn-ing Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through ofSolid Plastics Using a 125-mm FlameD5207 Practice for Confirmation of 20mm (50W) and125mm (500W) Test Flames for Small-Scale BurningTests on Plastic MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire Standard
14、sE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties(Section D20.30.03).Current edition approved July
15、1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approvedin 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3801 - 06. DOI: 10.1520/D3801-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume info
16、rmation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 IEC Standard:3606951110 Fire Hazard Testin
17、gPart 11-10: TestFlames50W Horizontal and Vertical Flame Test Meth-ods2.3 ISO Standard:3ISO 1210 PlasticsDetermination of the Burning Behav-iour of Horizontal and Vertical Specimens in Contact witha Small-Flame Ignition Source (Withdrawn)2.4 UL Standard:4ANSI/UL 94 Test for Flammability of Plastic M
18、aterials forParts in Devices and Appliances3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor terms relating to plastics, the defini-tions in this test method are in accordance with TerminologyD883. For terms relating to fire, the definitions used in this testmethod are in accordance with Terminology E176.3.2 Definit
19、ions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 afterflamepersistence of flaming of a material, afterthe ignition source has been removed.3.2.2 afterflame timethe length of time for which amaterial continues to flame, under specified conditions, afterthe ignition source has been removed.3.2.3 afterglo
20、wpersistence of glowing of a material, aftercessation of flaming or, if no flaming occurs, after removal ofthe ignition source.3.2.4 afterglow timethe length of time for which a mate-rial continues to glow under specified test conditions, after theignition source has been removed or cessation of fla
21、ming, orboth.3.2.5 flame-impingement timethe time in seconds that theflame from the burner is in contact with the specimen.3.2.6 flaming materialflaming drips or particles from thespecimen that ignite the absorbent 100 % cotton.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The procedure consists of subjecting a set
22、of pre-conditioned specimens of identical composition and geometryto a standard test flame for two 10-s flame applications. Theafterflame time is recorded after the first flame application, andthe afterflame and afterglow times are recorded after thesecond flame application. Information is also reco
23、rded onwhether or not flaming material drips from the specimen (andwhether these drips ignite a cotton indicator) and total flametime for a particular specimen set.5. Significance and Use5.1 The tests results represent afterflame and afterglow timein seconds for a material of specified shape, under
24、theconditions of this test method.5.2 The effect of material thickness, color additives, andpossible loss of volatile components is measurable.5.3 The results, when tabulated, are potentially useful as areference for comparing the relative performance of materialsand as an aid in material selection.
25、5.4 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one ormore specific sets of laboratory test conditions. Different testconditions will likely result in changes in the fire-test-responsecharacteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid onlyfor the fire-test-exposure conditions described
26、 in this testmethod.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Chamber, enclosed laboratory hood or chamber,having an inside volume of at least 0.5 m3. The chamber shallpermit observation of tests in progress and shall be , free ofinduced or forced draft during test, while allowing normalthermal circulation of air past t
27、he test specimen during burning.The inside surfaces of the chamber shall be of a dark color.When a light meter, facing towards the rear of the chamber, ispositioned in place of the test specimen, the recorded lightlevel shall be less than 20 lx. For safety and convenience, it isdesirable that this e
28、nclosure be fitted with an extraction device,such as an exhaust fan, to remove products of combustion. Theextraction device shall be turned off during the test and turnedon immediately after the test to remove the fire effluents.(WarningCombustion products are toxic. A system to con-tain and remove
29、the products of combustion after a test isrequired.)NOTE 4Laboratory hoods often have induced drafts even with theexhaust fan off. In such cases, a positive-closing damper shall be used.NOTE 5A mirror in the chamber, to provide a rear view of thespecimen, has been found useful in some enclosures.6.2
30、 Laboratory Burner, constructed in accordance withSpecification D5025.6.3 Ring Stand, with a clamp or the equivalent, adjustablefor vertical positioning of specimens.6.4 Gas Supply, a supply of technical-grade methane gas,minimum 98 % pure, with suitable regulator and meter foruniform gas flow. Natu
31、ral gas having an energy density of 376 1 MJ/m3at 25C has been found to provide similar results.However, technical-grade methane gas shall be used as thereferee gas in cases of dispute.6.5 Timing Device, accurate to 0.5 s.6.6 Cotton, absorbent 100 % cotton.6.7 Desiccator, containing anhydrous calciu
32、m chloride orother drying agent, capable of being maintained at 23 6 2Cand relative humidity not exceeding 20 %.6.8 Conditioning Room or Chamber, capable of beingmaintained at 23 6 2C and a relative humidity of 50 6 5%.6.9 Conditioning Oven, a full-draft circulating-air ovencapable of being maintain
33、ed at 70 6 2C while providing aminimum of five air changes per hour.6.10 Micrometer, having a resolution of at least 0.01 mm.6.11 Measuring Scale, graduated in millimetres.7. Test Specimens7.1 The standard specimen geometry shall be 13.0 6 0.5 by125 6 5 mm, and shall be provided in the minimum andma
34、ximum thickness. Materials thicker than 13 mm shall not betested by this test method.3Publications of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) andInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) are available from AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor,
35、 New York, NY10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., North-brook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.D3801 1027.1.1 The test specimens shall be molded in accordance withtheASTM specifications for the material; or in accordance withthe material manufacturers in
36、structions.7.2 Surfaces shall be smooth and unbroken. Corner radiusshall not exceed 1.3 mm. After any cutting operation, edgesshall be fine-sanded to remove burrs, saw marks, and residualfilaments.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition specimen sets as follows:8.1.1 Condition one set of five specimens (Set A)
37、 inaccordance with Procedure A of Practice D618 for a minimumof 48 hours. Once removed from the conditioning room orchamber, specimens shall be tested within one hour. Tempera-ture and humidity tolerances shall be in accordance withSection 7 of Practice D618.8.1.2 Condition a second set of five spec
38、imens (Set B) in acirculating-air oven for 168 6 2hat706 2C and then coolin a desiccator for at least 4 h at room temperature prior totesting. Once removed from the desiccator, specimens shall betested within 30 min.8.2 All specimens shall be tested in a laboratory atmosphereof 15 to 35C and 45 to 7
39、5 % relative humidity.8.3 Cotton shall be conditioned in the desiccator for at least24 hours prior to use. Once removed from the desiccator, thecotton shall be used within 30 minutes.9. Procedure9.1 Conduct the burning test in a chamber, enclosure, orlaboratory hood free of induced or forced draft.9
40、.2 Clamp a specimen from the upper 6 mm of its length,with the longitudinal axis vertical, so that the lower end of thespecimen is 300 6 10 mm above a horizontal layer of cotton,approximately 50 by 50 mm, thinned to a maximum uncom-pressed thickness of 6 mm, maximum mass of 0.08 g. See Fig.1.9.3 Pla
41、ce the burner remote from the specimen, ignite, andadjust it to produce a blue flame 20 6 2 mm high. Adjust theneedle valve and the air ports of the burner until a 20-mmyellow-tipped blue flame is produced, and then increase the airsupply until the yellow tip just disappears. Measure the heightof th
42、e flame. If the flame height is not 20 6 2 mm, adjust theburner needle valve to give the proper flame height. The flameshall be confirmed using Practice D5207 at least once permonth during active testing or whenever the gas supply ischanged.9.4 Approaching the specimen from the wide side in ahorizon
43、tal plane (see Fig. 2), place the test flame centrallyunder the lower end of the test specimen with the burner tube10 6 1 mm below the specimen and maintain that distance fora flame-impingement time of 10.0 6 0.5 s, moving the burneras necessary in response to any changes in the length orposition of
44、 the specimen. Withdraw the test flame sufficientlyso that there is no effect on the burning specimen (see Note 6)and measure the afterflame time, in seconds.9.4.1 When the flaming of the specimen ceases, immedi-ately place the test flame under the major portion of thespecimen (see Note 7) maintaini
45、ng a distance of 10 6 1mmfora flame-impingement time of 10.0 6 0.5 s. After this secondflame application, withdraw the test flame (see Note 6) andmeasure the afterflame and afterglow times, in seconds.9.4.2 Record the afterflame time after the first flame appli-cation as t1. Record the afterflame an
46、d afterglow times after thesecond flame application as t2and t3, respectively. Note andrecord whether any particles fall from the specimen and, if so,whether they ignite the cotton.NOTE 6Withdrawing the burner a distance of 150 mm from thespecimen while measuring t1, t2, and t3has been found suitabl
47、e.NOTE 7When the flaming of the specimen ceases after the first flameapplication, the second flame application shall be started immediately. Thetest shall not be interrupted, for example, to record data, replace cotton, orevacuate the test chamber.NOTE 8Measuring and recording the afterflame time t2
48、and thencontinuing the measurement of the sum of the afterflame time t2and theafterglow time t3, (without resetting the timing device) has been foundsatisfactory in the recording of t3.9.5 If the specimen drips molten or flaming material duringeither flame application, tilt the burner to an angle up
49、 to 45FIG. 1 Vertical Burning Test for V-0, V-1, and V-2 ClassificationFIG. 2 Approaching the Specimen from the Wide Side in aHorizontal PlaneD3801 103towards the wide side of the specimen (see Fig. 3), andwithdraw the burner slightly from one of the sides of thespecimens during the flame application to avoid dripping intothe tube of the burner. If the specimen drips molten or flamingmaterial, or is consumed during the test, hand-hold the burnerand maintain the proper distance between the bottom of thespecimen and the top of the burne
