1、Designation: D3774 96 (Reapproved 2008)2Standard Test Method forWidth of Textile Fabric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3774; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTEMinor editorial changes were made in October 2008.2NOTESection 3 was
3、 updated editorially in September 2011 in accordance with the Committee D13 Terminology policy.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the width offabrics, pile or napped surface width, or both. The method isapplicable to full rolls, bolts of fabric, and short specimensremoved from a
4、roll or bolt. Unless otherwise specified,measurements shall include the selvages when present.1.2 The method offers two options:1.2.1 Option AFull Roll or Bolt.1.2.2 Option BShort Specimen Removed from Full Rollor Bolt.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. customaryunits are to be regarde
5、d as standard. The U.S. customary unitsmay be approximate.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bil
6、ity of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles2.2 Other Standard:ANSI/ASQC Z1.4Inspection by Attributes33. Terminology3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard
7、: width,of a fabric; width, of a raised-surface fabric; width, of a fabricwoven on a shuttleless loom.3.2 For definitions of all other textile terms see TerminologyD123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The width of the fabric is measured directly by using ametal rule.4.2 Option A offers two procedures f
8、or the measurement offabric width, or pile width or napped surface width, or both, infull rolls or bolts. The first procedure is essentially a tension-free method, the second procedure provides for measurementsmade during finishing or inspection operations that may imparttension to the fabric.4.3 Op
9、tion B covers the measurement of fabric width, pilesurface width or napped surface width, or both, when only ashort length of fabric is available for testing. This procedure isapplicable when a small swatch of fabric is sent to thelaboratory to be used as the test specimen.5. Significance and Use5.1
10、 Option A procedures of Test Method D3774 for widthare considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commer-cial shipments because they are used extensively in the trade.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test values when using Test Method D3774 foracceptance testing
11、of commercial shipments, the purchaser andthe supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine ifthere is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended for the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecime
12、ns which are as homogeneous as possible and whichare from a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two1This test method are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 o
13、nTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric TestMethods, Specific.Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published October 2008. ReplacesSections 13 to 17 of Methods D1910 89, Test for Construction Characteristics ofWoven Fabrics. Originally approved in 1996. Last pr
14、evious edition approved in2004 as D377496(2004). DOI: 10.1520/D3774-96R08E02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page ont
15、he ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.laboratories should be compared using Stud
16、ents t-test forunpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either itscause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light ofthe known bias.6. Apparatus6.
17、1 Measuring device, metre (yard) stick or steel tapehaving 1-mm (116-in.) graduations and a length that is greaterthan the width of fabric to be measured.7. Sampling7.1 As a lot sample for acceptance testing, take at randomthe number of rolls of fabric as directed in an applicablematerial specificat
18、ion or other agreement between the pur-chaser and the supplier.7.2 For Option A, consider rolls of fabric to be the primarysampling units. Consider the rolls of fabric in the lot sample asthe laboratory sample and the points at which measurementsare made within the rolls as test specimens.7.3 For Op
19、tion B, cut a full width swatch at least2m(2yd)long from each lot sampling unit as a laboratory sampling unit,taking care that the weave is not distorted within the swatches.Consider the points at which the measurements are madewithin the swatch as test specimens. This option is not suitablefor acce
20、ptance testing because the results are applicable to thatswatch only.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the specimens as directed in Practice D1776.8.2 When full rolls or bolts of fabric cannot be properlyconditioned in a reasonable time with available facilities,perform the tests without conditioning and
21、 report the actualconditions prevailing at the time of the test. Such results maynot correspond with the results obtained after testing condi-tioned specimens in the standard atmosphere for testing tex-tiles.9. Procedure9.1 Make all measurements, when possible, in the standardatmosphere for testing
22、textiles, which is 21 6 1C(706 2 F)and 65 6 2 % relative humidity.9.2 Option AFull Roll or Bolt:9.2.1 Free of TensionLay the fabric on a smooth horizon-tal surface without tension in any direction. Measure the widthas defined in - to the nearest 1 mm (116 in.), perpendicular tothe selvages using the
23、 measuring device or steel tape. Take themeasurement in at least five widely spaced places along thelength of the roll or bolt. Make no measurement within1m(1yd) of the ends of the roll or bolt. When specified, measure-ments of width of pile or napped surfaces may be made at thesame time. Calculate
24、and record the average of all measure-ments to the nearest 1 mm (116) in. Record the minimum andmaximum values for each roll and for the lot.9.2.2 Running Under TensionWhen agreed upon by allparties concerned, take five measurements of width to thenearest 1 mm (116 in.) at any convenient time during
25、 thefinishing or inspection operations using the measuring device.Make no measurement within1m(1yd)oftheends of the rollor bolt. When specified, measurements of width of pile ornapped surfaces may be made at the same time. Calculate andrecord the average of all measurements to the nearest 1 mm(116)
26、in. Record the minimum and maximum values for eachroll and for the lot.9.3 Option BLaboratory Sample Removed From FullRoll or Bolt:9.3.1 Lay the fabric on a smooth horizontal surface withouttension in any direction and free of wrinkles or distortion.Measure the width of the fabric as defined in,or3.
27、1 at threeor more points separated by at least 0.3 m (1 ft) along thelength of the fabric. Do not make measurements closer than150 mm (6 in.) to the cut ends. Calculate the average of allmeasurements on the specimen to the nearest 1 mm (116 in.).Record the average measurement, the maximum measuremen
28、t,and the minimum measurement.10. Report10.1 State that the specimen was tested as directed in TestMethod D3774. Describe the material or product sampled andthe source of each specimen.10.2 Report the following information:10.2.1 Option used and if tension was used in Option A.10.2.2 Number of obser
29、vations.10.2.3 Average width as defined in Section 3, in millimetres(inches) or as specified between purchaser and seller.10.2.4 Minimum and maximum measured width for eachsampling unit and the lot.10.2.5 Atmospheric conditions under which the tests wereconducted and whether the specimens were condi
30、tioned asdirected in Practice D1776.11. Precision and Bias11.1 SummaryIn comparing the average of five observa-tions, the difference should not exceed 1.5 mm in 95 out of 100cases when all of the observations were taken by the samewell-trained operator using the same piece of apparatus andspecimens
31、randomly drawn from the same sample of material.Larger differences are likely under all other circumstances.11.2 Interlaboratory Test Data:411.2.1 An interlaboratory test was run in 1980 in whichrandomly drawn samples of four materials were tested in eachof four laboratories. Two operators in each l
32、aboratory eachtested two specimens of each material. The first fabric was a65 % polyester and 35 % cotton plisse-type basket weave. Thesecond fabric was a 65 % polyester and 35 % cotton ginghamcheck. The third fabric was an 88 % cotton and 12 % polyestercorduroy. The fourth fabric was a 100 % cotton
33、 denim. Thecomponent of variance for fabric width expressed as standarddeviations were calculated to be as follows:Single-Oper-ator Compo-nent, mmWithin-LaboratoryComponent, mmBetween-LaboratoryComponent, mmMaterial 1 0.764 0.000 0.7224Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarte
34、rs and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D13-1068.D3774 96 (2008)22Material 2 1.181 0.000 0.000Material 3 0.500 0.500 2.776Material 4 1.443 0.000 3.11611.2.2 Since differences of 2 mm (113 in.) in fabric width arenot of practical importance, it was agreed to pool the estimatesof the si
35、ngle-operator and within-laboratory components for allmaterials and to assume two classes of materials for purposesof the between-laboratory component. No rule for classifyingthe materials with respect to the between-laboratory compo-nent is known. The pooled estimates are as follows:Single-Operator
36、 Component 1.038 mmWithin-Laboratory Component 0.250 mmBetween-Laboratory ComponentClass 1Class 20.510 mm2.951 mmNOTE 1The square roots of the components of variance are beingreported to express the variability in the appropriate unit of measure ratherthan as the squares of those units of measure.11
37、.3 Critical DifferencesFor the components of variancereport in 9.2.1, two averages of observed values should beconsidered significantly different at the 95 % probability levelif the difference equals or exceeds the following criticaldifferences:Number ofObservationsin eachAverageCritical Differences
38、 for the Conditions NotedSingle-Op-erator Pre-cision, mmWithin-LaboratoryPrecision, mmBetween-LaboratoryPrecision, mmClass 1 Class 21 2.9 3.0 3.3 8.75 1.3 1.4 2.0 8.310 0.9 1.1 1.8 8.3The critical differences were calculated using t = 1.960which is based on infinite degrees of freedom.NOTE 2The tabu
39、lated values of the critical differences should beconsidered to be a general statement, particularly with respect to between-laboratory precision. Before a meaningful statement can be made abouttwo specific laboratories, the amount of statistical bias, if any, betweenthem must be established, with e
40、ach comparison being based on recentdata obtained on specimens taken from a lot of material of the type beingevaluated so as to be as nearly homogeneous as possible and thenrandomly assigned in equal numbers to each of the laboratories.11.4 BiasThe procedure in Option A of Test MethodD3774 for measu
41、ring the width of fabric free of tension has noknown bias and is used as a referee method.12. Keywords12.1 Woven fabric; width.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are
42、expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not re
43、vised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you
44、may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United S
45、tates. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D3774 96 (2008)23
