1、Designation: D 3774 96(Reapproved 2004)Standard Test Method forWidth of Textile Fabric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3774; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the width offabri
3、cs, pile or napped surface width, or both. The method isapplicable to full rolls, bolts of fabric, and short specimensremoved from a roll or bolt. Unless otherwise specified,measurements shall include the selvages when present.1.2 The method offers two options:1.2.1 Option AFull Roll or Bolt.1.2.2 O
4、ption BShort Specimen Removed from Full Rollor Bolt.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. customaryunits are to be regarded as standard. The U.S. customary unitsmay be approximate.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
5、is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles f
6、or Testing2.2 Other Standard:ANSI/ASQC Z1.4Inspection by Attributes33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 width, nof a fabric, the distance from the outer edgeof one selvage to the outer edge of the other selvage, measuredperpendicular to the selvages while the fabric is held underzero tension and is
7、free of folds and wrinkles.3.1.2 width, nof a raised-surface fabric, the dimensionincluded within the outer limits of the nap or pile, butexcluding the selvages, or as otherwise agreed upon by thepurchaser and supplier.3.1.3 width, nof a fabric woven on a shuttleless loom, thedistance from the outer
8、 warp on one side to the outer warp onthe other side, measured perpendicular to the warp yarns whilethe fabric is held under zero tension and is free of folds andwrinkles.3.1.4 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The
9、 width of the fabric is measured directly by using ametal rule.4.2 Option A offers two procedures for the measurement offabric width, or pile width or napped surface width, or both, infull rolls or bolts. The first procedure is essentially a tension-free method, the second procedure provides for mea
10、surementsmade during finishing or inspection operations that may imparttension to the fabric.4.3 Option B covers the measurement of fabric width, pilesurface width or napped surface width, or both, when only ashort length of fabric is available for testing. This procedure isapplicable when a small s
11、watch of fabric is sent to thelaboratory to be used as the test specimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 Option A procedures of Test Method D 3774 for widthare considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commer-cial shipments because they are used extensively in the trade.5.1.1 In case of a dispute
12、 arising from differences inreported test values when using Test Method D 3774 foracceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser andthe supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine ifthere is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recom
13、mended for the investigation of1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric TestMethods, Specific.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published January 2005. ReplacesSections 13 to 17 of Methods
14、D 1910 89, Test for Construction Characteristics ofWoven Fabrics. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in1996 as D 377496.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards
15、volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13thFloor, New York, NY 100361Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.b
16、ias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens which are as homogeneous as possible and whichare from a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory for testing. The average results from the tw
17、olaboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either itscause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future test results i
18、n the light ofthe known bias.6. Apparatus6.1 Measuring device, metre (yard) stick or steel tapehaving 1-mm (116-in.) graduations and a length that is greaterthan the width of fabric to be measured.7. Sampling7.1 As a lot sample for acceptance testing, take at randomthe number of rolls of fabric as d
19、irected in an applicablematerial specification or other agreement between the pur-chaser and the supplier.7.2 For Option A, consider rolls of fabric to be the primarysampling units. Consider the rolls of fabric in the lot sample asthe laboratory sample and the points at which measurementsare made wi
20、thin the rolls as test specimens.7.3 For Option B, cut a full width swatch at least2m(2yd)long from each lot sampling unit as a laboratory sampling unit,taking care that the weave is not distorted within the swatches.Consider the points at which the measurements are madewithin the swatch as test spe
21、cimens. This option is not suitablefor acceptance testing because the results are applicable to thatswatch only.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the specimens as directed in Practice D 1776.8.2 When full rolls or bolts of fabric cannot be properlyconditioned in a reasonable time with available facilitie
22、s,perform the tests without conditioning and report the actualconditions prevailing at the time of the test. Such results maynot correspond with the results obtained after testing condi-tioned specimens in the standard atmosphere for testing tex-tiles.9. Procedure9.1 Make all measurements, when poss
23、ible, in the standardatmosphere for testing textiles, which is 21 6 1C (70 6 2F)and 65 6 2 % relative humidity.9.2 Option AFull Roll or Bolt:9.2.1 Free of TensionLay the fabric on a smooth horizon-tal surface without tension in any direction. Measure the widthas defined in 3.1-3.1.3 to the nearest 1
24、 mm (116 in.), perpen-dicular to the selvages using the measuring device or steel tape.Take the measurement in at least five widely spaced placesalong the length of the roll or bolt. Make no measurementwithin1m(1yd)oftheends of the roll or bolt. Whenspecified, measurements of width of pile or napped
25、 surfacesmay be made at the same time. Calculate and record theaverage of all measurements to the nearest 1 mm (116) in.Record the minimum and maximum values for each roll andfor the lot.9.2.2 Running Under TensionWhen agreed upon by allparties concerned, take five measurements of width to theneares
26、t 1 mm (116 in.) at any convenient time during thefinishing or inspection operations using the measuring device.Make no measurement within1m(1yd)oftheends of the rollor bolt. When specified, measurements of width of pile ornapped surfaces may be made at the same time. Calculate andrecord the average
27、 of all measurements to the nearest 1 mm(116) in. Record the minimum and maximum values for eachroll and for the lot.9.3 Option BLaboratory Sample Removed From FullRoll or Bolt:9.3.1 Lay the fabric on a smooth horizontal surface withouttension in any direction and free of wrinkles or distortion.Meas
28、ure the width of the fabric as defined in 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.3,or 3.1.4 at three or more points separated by at least 0.3 m (1ft) along the length of the fabric. Do not make measurementscloser than 150 mm (6 in.) to the cut ends. Calculate theaverage of all measurements on the specimen to the nearest
29、 1mm (116 in.). Record the average measurement, the maximummeasurement, and the minimum measurement.10. Report10.1 State that the specimen was tested as directed in TestMethod D 3774. Describe the material or product sampled andthe source of each specimen.10.2 Report the following information:10.2.1
30、 Option used and if tension was used in Option A.10.2.2 Number of observations.10.2.3 Average width as defined in Section 3, in millimetres(inches) or as specified between purchaser and seller.10.2.4 Minimum and maximum measured width for eachsampling unit and the lot.10.2.5 Atmospheric conditions u
31、nder which the tests wereconducted and whether the specimens were conditioned asdirected in Practice D 1776.11. Precision and Bias11.1 SummaryIn comparing the average of five observa-tions, the difference should not exceed 1.5 mm in 95 out of 100cases when all of the observations were taken by the s
32、amewell-trained operator using the same piece of apparatus andspecimens randomly drawn from the same sample of material.Larger differences are likely under all other circumstances.11.2 Interlaboratory Test Data:411.2.1 An interlaboratory test was run in 1980 in whichrandomly drawn samples of four ma
33、terials were tested in eachof four laboratories. Two operators in each laboratory eachtested two specimens of each material. The first fabric was a65 % polyester and 35 % cotton plisse-type basket weave. Thesecond fabric was a 65 % polyester and 35 % cotton ginghamcheck. The third fabric was an 88 %
34、 cotton and 12 % polyester4Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR: D13-1068.D 3774 96 (2004)2corduroy. The fourth fabric was a 100 % cotton denim. Thecomponent of variance for fabric width expressed as standarddeviations were calculated to be as follows:Single-Oper-ator Com
35、po-nent, mmWithin-LaboratoryComponent, mmBetween-LaboratoryComponent, mmMaterial 1 0.764 0.000 0.722Material 2 1.181 0.000 0.000Material 3 0.500 0.500 2.776Material 4 1.443 0.000 3.11611.2.2 Since differences of 2 mm (113 in.) in fabric width arenot of practical importance, it was agreed to pool the
36、 estimatesof the single-operator and within-laboratory components for allmaterials and to assume two classes of materials for purposesof the between-laboratory component. No rule for classifyingthe materials with respect to the between-laboratory compo-nent is known. The pooled estimates are as foll
37、ows:Single-Operator Component 1.038 mmWithin-Laboratory Component 0.250 mmBetween-Laboratory ComponentClass 1Class 20.510 mm2.951 mmNOTE 1The square roots of the components of variance are beingreported to express the variability in the appropriate unit of measure ratherthan as the squares of those
38、units of measure.11.3 Critical DifferencesFor the components of variancereport in 9.2.1, two averages of observed values should beconsidered significantly different at the 95 % probability levelif the difference equals or exceeds the following criticaldifferences:Number ofObservationsin eachAverageC
39、ritical Differences for the Conditions NotedSingle-Op-erator Pre-cision, mmWithin-LaboratoryPrecision, mmBetween-LaboratoryPrecision, mmClass 1 Class 21 2.9 3.0 3.3 8.75 1.3 1.4 2.0 8.310 0.9 1.1 1.8 8.3The critical differences were calculated using t = 1.960which is based on infinite degrees of fre
40、edom.NOTE 2The tabulated values of the critical differences should beconsidered to be a general statement, particularly with respect to between-laboratory precision. Before a meaningful statement can be made abouttwo specific laboratories, the amount of statistical bias, if any, betweenthem must be
41、established, with each comparison being based on recentdata obtained on specimens taken from a lot of material of the type beingevaluated so as to be as nearly homogeneous as possible and thenrandomly assigned in equal numbers to each of the laboratories.11.4 BiasThe procedure in Option A of Test Me
42、thodsD 3774 for measuring the width of fabric free of tension has noknown bias and is used as a referee method.12. Keywords12.1 Woven fabric; width.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users
43、of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every fi
44、ve years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical
45、committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 3774 96 (2004)3
