1、Designation: D 3549 03Standard Test Method forThickness or Height of Compacted Bituminous PavingMixture Specimens1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3549; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the thickness(or height) of compacted bituminous paving mixture speci-men
3、s.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced
4、 Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1188 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Densityof Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Paraffin-CoatedSpecimens2D 2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Densityof Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures2D 3203 Test Method for Percent Air Voids in Com
5、pactedDense and Open Bituminous Paving Mixtures2D 3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements forAgen-cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials23. Significance and Use3.1 The thickness of a compacted bituminous paving mix-ture is often used as a construction check to insure that theprope
6、r quantity of materials has been placed on a project andto correct strength measurement on constant diameter speci-mens with varying heights.NOTE 1The equipment and personnel performing this test method canbe evaluated by Practice D 3666.4. Apparatus4.1 Any of the following apparatus may be used to
7、measurethe thickness of test specimens:NOTE 2In addition to direct measurement, the thickness of testspecimens may be determined as described in 6.3.4.1.1 A metal tape or rule.4.1.2 A set of calipers.4.1.3 A measurement jig or other device, fabricated in sucha manner that it is capable of measuring
8、specimen thicknessesin accordance with this procedure.4.2 Depending upon the requirements of the specifyingagency, the units of measurement and subdivisions shall be asfollows:4.2.1 Where inches and fractional portions are specified, theapparatus shall be capable of measuring to116 in.4.2.2 Where in
9、ches and decimal portions are specified, theapparatus shall be capable of measuring to 0.05 in.4.2.3 Where decimal portions of feet are specified, theapparatus shall be capable of measuring to 0.005 ft.4.2.4 Where centimetres are specified, the apparatus shall becapable of measuring to 0.10 cm.5. Te
10、st Specimens5.1 Test specimens shall be laboratory compacted or fromcompacted bituminous pavements.5.2 Pavement test specimens shall be taken with a core drill,diamond or carborundum saw, or by other suitable means.5.2.1 Thickness measurements shall not be made on anyspecimen that has been distorted
11、 or cracked in removal fromthe pavement, laboratory compaction molds, or during storageprior to measuring.5.2.2 Specimens shall be free of foreign materials such asseal coat, foundation material, soil, paper, or foil.5.2.3 Where desirable, specimens may be separated fromother layers by sawing, shear
12、ing or other suitable means,provided a well defined construction plane is achieved.6. Procedure6.1 Thickness of specimens with relatively plane horizontalsurfaces or layers with well defined, uniform lines of demar-cation may be measured with a tape, rule, or calipers inaccordance with the following
13、:6.1.1 Measure the thickness of the specimen or layer usingany of the apparatus described in 4.1 to the closest applicable1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 onSpecific Gravity and Densi
14、ty of Bituminous Mixtures.Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 3549 93a (2000).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho
15、hocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.interval described in 4.2. Make thickness measurements ap-proximately perpendicular to the upper plane of the specimen.Measure between upper and lower surfaces, between a well-defined construction demarcation line and either the upper orlower surface, or between
16、two well-defined construction de-marcation lines.6.1.2 Make four measurements at approximately quarterpoints on the periphery of cores or at the approximate midpointof each of the four sides of rectangular, sawed specimens.Record the average of these measurements as the thickness ofthe specimen.6.2
17、The average thickness of specimens with relativelyplane horizontal surfaces may be measured by means ofmeasurement jig or other suitable device, provided the deviceyields results consistently within 6 0.05 in. (6 0.13 cm) ofthose obtained in accordance with 6.1.6.3 Specimens of dense bituminous pavi
18、ng mixtures (lessthan 10 % air voids) with uniform vertical boundaries mayhave the thickness determined by dividing the volume of thespecimen by its cross-sectional area in accordance with thefollowing procedure:NOTE 3Examples are laboratory-compacted test specimens preparedfor Marshall test and pav
19、ement cores or specimens cut with diamond coredrills or diamond rotary saw blades.NOTE 4Specimens cut from the pavement with hand-held or power-operated chisels should be trimmed by abrasion or diamond sawing toremove any distorted areas prior to measuring.6.3.1 Determine the area in square centimet
20、res of a horizon-tal plane through the specimen approximately equidistant fromthe upper and lower surface and approximately perpendicularto the vertical sides of the specimen.6.3.2 Determine the volume in cubic centimetres of thespecimen by either Test Method D 1188 or Test MethodD 2726.NOTE 5In ref
21、erring to Test Methods D 1188 or D 2726,Volume 5D 2 E 2 D 2 A!/F1orB 2 C1(1)where the denominator is the density of water in g/cm3or mg/m3, whichfor the purpose of this test is considered to be unity.6.3.3 Calculate the average thickness of the specimen asfollows:Thickness, cm 5volume cm3!area cm2!(
22、2)7. Report7.1 Report the thickness (or height) of the specimen as theaverage thickness determined by any of the procedures de-scribed in 6.1 through 6.3. Report to the closest applicableinterval described in 4.2.7.2 Indicate on the report which of the three procedures wasused to determine the thick
23、ness, that is, measurement by tape,rule, or calipers (6.1), measurement jig (6.2), or calculatedfrom volume/area (6.3).8. Precision38.1 English Units8.2 SI Units8.3 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias for this test method, nostatement on bias is given.3
24、Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D041021.Test and Type IndexStandard Deviation,Inches (1s)AcceptableRange of TwoTest Results,Inches (d2s)Diameter MeasurementsASingle-operator precision 0.007 0.021Multilaboratory p
25、recision 0.010 0.027Height MeasurementsBSingle-operator precisionMarshall SMAC0.009 0.026Gyratory 0.004 0.011Cores 0.023 0.064Multilaboratory precisionMarshall SMA 0.013 0.037Gyratory 0.016 0.047Cores 0.044 0.125AFifteen operators, using a range of measurement devices (excluding jigs)measured the di
26、ameter of 5 samples (2 cores, 2 gyratory compacted samples, and1 Marshall-compacted stone matrix asphalt mix).BTwenty operators, using a range of measurement devices (excluding jigs)measured the heights of the same samples.CSMA: Stone Matrix Asphalt.Test and Type IndexStandard Deviation,mm (1s)Accep
27、tableRange of TwoTest Results,mm (d2s)Diameter MeasurementsASingle-operator precision 0.178 0.503Multilaboratory precision 0.254 0.718Height MeasurementsBSingle-operator precisionMarshall SMAC0.229 0.648Gyratory 0.102 0.288Cores 0.584 1.652Multilaboratory precisionMarshall SMA 0.330 0.933Gyratory 0.
28、406 1.148Cores 1.118 3.162AFifteen operators, using a range of measurement devices (excluding jigs)measured the diameter of 5 samples (2 cores, 2 gyratory compacted samples, and1 Marshall-compacted stone matrix asphalt mix).BTwenty operators, using a range of measurement devices (excluding jigs)meas
29、ured the heights of the same samples.CSMA: Stone Matrix Asphalt.D3549032APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT THICKNESS VARIABILITY DATAASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard
30、. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed
31、every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible te
32、chnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh
33、ocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE X1.1 Bituminous Pavement Thickness VariabilityGrouped Data from a Number of ReportsThickness Range, in. Standard DeviationCoefficient ofVariation, %1.0 to 1.9 0.21 14.72.0 to 2.9 0.29 13.03.0 to 3.9 0.37 11.34.0 to 4.9 0.53 12.56.0 0.75 12.5D3549033
